Percentage

Percentage

A percentage is a number or ratio that can be expressed as a fraction of 100.

Hence, the percentage means, a part per hundred. The word per cent means per
100. It is represented by the symbol “%”.

Percentage Formula

To determine the percentage, we have to divide the value by the total value and
then multiply the resultant by 100.

Percentage formula = (Value/Total value) × 100

Example: (4/5) × 100 = 0.8 × 100 = 80%

Q.) Ram scored 30 marks out of 50 marks then its score in terms of percentage is:

Solution:

As per given,

Total marks = 50 and marks obtained = 30

∴ Percentage marks = (30/50) × 100 = 60%

How to calculate the percentage of a number?

To calculate the percentage of a number, we need to use a different formula such

as:

P% of Number = X, where X is the required percentage.

If we remove the % sign, then we need to express the above formulas as;

(P/100) × Number = X

Q.) Calculate 25% of 120.

Solution:

Let 25% of 120 = X

⟹ (25/100) × 120 = X

⟹ X = 30

∴ 25% of 120 = 30

Percentage Difference Formula

If we are given with two values X1 and X2 and we need to find the percentage
difference between these two values, then it can be done using the formula:

|X1 −X2 |
Percentage Difference = X +X × 100
[ 1 2]
2
Q.) If 10 and 40 are two different values, then the percentage difference between
them will be:

Solution:

|10−40|
% difference between 10 and 40 = 10+40 × 100 = 120 %
[ ]
2

Successive Percentage Change

Formula to find successive Percentage Change: x + y + (x × y)/100, where x and y

are percentage values.

Q.) A number is increased by 15% and then it is decreased by 10%. The net
increase or decrease is:

Solution:

As per given, x = 15% increment and y = 10% decrement

Here, we use +ve sign for increment and –ve sign for decrement

x×y
∴ Net increase or decrease = x + y +
100

15 ×(−10)
= 15 + (−10) + = 5 − 1.5 = 3.5 %
100

∴ Net increment = 3.5%

Percentage Increase and Decrease

 The percentage increase is equal to the subtraction of the original number

from a new number, divided by the original number and multiplied by 100.
 % increase = [Increase in number/Original number] x 100

Where, Increase in number = New number – Original number

 Similarly, a percentage decrease is equal to the subtraction of a new number

from the original number, divided by the original number and multiplied by
100.
 % decrease = [Decrease in number /Original number] x 100

Where Decrease in number = Original number – New number

So basically if the answer is negative then there is a percentage decrease.

Q.) Increase 200 by 10% and decrease the same by 15%. Find the new number in
each case.

Solution:

Case 1) Increase 200 by 10%

We know that,

% increase = [Increase in number/Original number] × 100

Where, Increase in number = New number – Original number

 New number – Original number
∴ 10 = × 100
Original number

New number – 200

∴ 10 = × 100
200

⟹ New number = 220

Case 2) Decrease 200 by 15%

We know that,

% decrease = [Decrease in number /Original number] × 100

Where Decrease in number = Original number – New number

Original number – New number

∴ 15 = × 100
Original number

200 – New number

∴ 15 = × 100
200

⟹ New number = 170

Q.) Let a bag contain 1 kg of Oranges and 4 kg of Mangoes. Find the percentage of
Mangoes in the bag.

Solution:

By given,

Total quantity = 5 kg

Quantity of Mangoes = 4 kg
∴ Percentage of Mangoes = (4/5) × 100 = 80%

We can express percentage in many ways

 Express percentage as fraction

x
“x%” can be expressed as fraction which =
100

20 1
Example, 20% = =
100 5

 Express percentage as decimal

We know, 4% = 4/100

To get it decimal form we have to divide 4 by 100,

⟹ 4% = 4/100 = 0.04

 Convert fraction into percentage

a
Let be a fraction, to convert it into percentage we multiply it by 100.
b

a
Gives, ( × 100) %
b

2
Example, Percentage value of will be
5

2
⟹ ( × 100) % = 40%
5
 Convert decimal into percentage

In order to convert a decimal number into percentage, we multiply the decimal

number with 100.

⟹ 1.5 can be in percentage as, 1.5 × 100 = 150%

Percentage Chart
Percentage Tricks

1) If amount is first increase by x% and then decreased by x% then percentage

change will be

x2
Decrease of %
100

Q.) A number is increased by 10% and then the increased number is decreased by
10%. Find the net increase or decrease percent.

Solution:

As per given,

102
Percentage of Decrease = % = 1%
100

2) If amount is first increase by x% and then decreased by y% then percentage

change will be,

xy
= (x − y − )%
100

[– sign for decrease and +sign for increase]

Q.) A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 30%. Find the net
increase or decrease percent.

Solution:

As per given, x = 20 and y = 30

 xy
∴ Net increase or decrease percent = (x − y − )%
100

20×30
= (20 − 30 − ) % = -16%
100

Here –ve sign indicates decrement

∴ Net decrease % = 16%

3) If amount is first decreased by x% and then increased by y% then percentage

change will be,

xy
= (−x + y − )%
100

4) If amount is first decreased by x% and then decreased by y% then net

percentage change will be,

xy
= (−x − y + )%
100

5) If amount is first increased by x% and then increased by y% then net

percentage change will be,

xy
= (x + y + )%
100

6) x % of y = y % of x
Comparison between two quantities

 If A is x% more than B, Then B is less than A by

x
(100+x × 100) %

Q.) If A is 40% more than B, then B is how much percent less than A?

Solution:

As per question,

40
Required % = ( × 100) % = 28.57%
100+40

 If A is x% less than B, Then B is more than A by

x
(100−x × 100) %

Q.) If A is 60% less than B, then B is how much percent more than A?

Solution:

As per question,

60
Required % = ( × 100) % = 150%
100−60
Price of commodity (for no change in expenditure)

 If the price of commodity is increase by x% then reduction in consumption as

not to increase the expenditure is:

x
(100+x × 100) %

Q.) The price of a commodity has been increased by 40%. By what percent must a
consumer reduce the consumption of the commodity so as not to increase his
expenditure on the commodity?

Solution:

As per given,

40
Required % = ( × 100) % = 28 4/7%
100 + 40

 If the price of commodity is decrease by x% then increase in consumption as

not to decrease the expenditure is:

x
(100 − x × 100) %

Q.) The price of a commodity has been decreased by 20%. By what percent must a
consumer increase the consumption of the commodity so as not to decrease his
expenditure on the commodity?

Solution:

As per given,
 20
Required % = ( × 100) % = 25%
100 − 20

Population based questions

If the population of a town is P & it increases at a rate of R% per annum, then

R n
 Population after n years = P (1 + )
100
P
 Population n years ago = R n
(1+ )
100

Q.) If the present population of a town is 100000 & it increases at a rate of 10%
per annum, then find

1) Population after 3 years

2) Population 3 years ago (correct upto nearest integer)

Solution:

By given,

Let Present Population, P = 100000 and R = 10%

10 3
∴ Population after 3 years = 100000 (1 + ) = 133100
100

100000
And Population 3 years ago = 10 3
= 75131.5 ≈ 75132
(1+ )
100

1) Population after 3 years = 133100

2) Population 3 years ago = 75132

Depreciation

Let the present value of an object be P, if it depreciates at the rate of R% per

annum, then

R n
 The value of object after n years = P (1 − )
100
P
 The value of object n years ago = R n
(1 − )
100

Q.) The present value of a machine is Rs. 90000, if it depreciates at the rate of
10% per annum, then find

1) The value of machine after 2 years

2) The value of machine 1 year ago

Solution:

By given,

Let Present value of machine, P = Rs. 90000 and R = 10%

10 2
∴ The value of machine after 2 years = 90000 (1 − ) = Rs. 72900
100

90000
And The value of machine 1 year ago = 10 1
= 900000/9
(1− )
100

= Rs. 100000

1) The value of machine after 2 years = Rs. 72900

2) The value of machine 1 year ago = Rs. 100000

 Sample Question Set
Q.1) Sachin scored 120 runs which included 6 fours and 8 sixes. What percent of
his total score did he make by running between the wickets?

A. 40%

B. 60%

C. 45%

D. 38%

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Number of runs made by running = 120 − [(6 × 4) + (8 × 6)] = 120 − 72 = 48

48
Therefore, required percentage = ( × 100)% = 40%
120

Q.2) Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 6 marks

more than the other and his marks was 52% of the sum of their marks. The marks
obtained by them are:

A. 74, 68

B. 76, 70

C. 78, 72
D. 72, 66

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Let their marks be (x + 6) and x

52
Then, (x + 6) = (x + 6 + x)
100

⟹ 100x + 600 = 104x + 312

⟹ 4x = 288 ⟹ x = 72. Therefore, their marks are 78 and 72.

Q.3) What percentage of numbers from 1 to 50 have 5 or 9 in the unit’s digit?

A. 25%

B. 20%

C. 15%

D. 22%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Clearly, the numbers from 1 to 50 which have 5 or 9 in the unit's digit are:

5, 9, 15, 19, 25, 29, 35, 39, 45, 49

Hence, there are such 10 numbers.

 10
Therefore, required percentage = ( × 100) % = 20%
50

Q.4) If 25% of a = b, then b% of 25 is same as:

A. 5% of a

B. 6.50% of a

C. 6% of a

D. 6.25% of a

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

25
25% of a = b ⟹ ×a=b
100

b 25 1 6.25
Hence, b% of 25 = ( × 25) = ( a × × 25) = a = 6.25% of a
100 100 100 100

Q.5) In a certain school, 25% of students are below 9 years of age. The number of
3
students above 9 years of age is of the number of students of 9 years of age. The
5

number of students of 9 years of age is 45. What is the total number of students
in the school?

A. 96

B. 100
C. 95

D. 90

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let the number of students be x.

Then, number of students greater than or equal to 9 years of age = (100-25)% of x

= 75% of x.

3
Therefore, 75% of x = 45 + of 45
5

75
⟹ x = 72 ⟹ x = 96
100

Q.6) Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 6% of A and 5% of B is three-
fourth of the sum of 4% of A and 8% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.

A. 3 : 2

B. 2 : 3

C. 1 : 3

D. 3: 1

Answer: Option C

Explanation:
 3
By given, 6% of A + 5% of B = (4% of A + 8% of B)
4

A 1
⟹ 6A + 5B = 3A + 6B ⟹ 3A = B ⟹ =
B 3

Therefore, required ratio = 1 : 3

4 5
Q.7) Rohan multiplied a number by instead of . What is the percentage error in
5 4

the calculation?

A. 30%

B. 36%

C. 35%

D. 40%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let the number be x.

5 4 9
Then, error = x − x= x
4 5 20

9x 4
Error% = { × × 100} % = 36%
20 5x
Q.8) In an election between two candidates, one got 56% of the total valid votes,
20% of the votes were invalid. If the total number of votes was 8000, the number
of valid votes that the other candidate got, was:

A. 2810

B. 2816

C. 3584

D. 3580

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Number of valid votes = 80% of 8000 = 6400

Therefore, valid votes polled by other candidate = 44% of 6400

44
= × 6400 = 2816
100

Q.9) Two tailors A and B are paid a total of Rs. 900 per week by their employer. If
A is paid 80 percent of the sum paid to B, how much is B paid per week?

A. Rs. 500

B. Rs. 400

C. Rs. 550

D. Rs. 600
Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let the sum paid to B per week be Rs. x

Then, x + 80% of x = 900

80
⟹ x+ x = 900 ⟹ 18x = 9000 ⟹ x = Rs. 500
100

Q.10) Pooja went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 30, out of which
50 paisa went on sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 5%, then what
was the cost of the tax free items?

A. Rs. 20.50

B. Rs. 19

C. Rs. 20

D. Rs. 19.50

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the amount taxable purchases be Rs. x

50 50 100
Then, 5% of x = ⟹ x= × = 10
100 100 5

Therefore, cost of tax free items = Rs.[30-(10+0.50)] = Rs.19.50

Q.11) Rohan buys goods worth Rs. 7780. He gets a rebate of 5% on it. After
getting the rebate, he pays sales tax @ 10%. Find the amount he will have to pay
for the goods.

A. Rs. 8130.10

B. Rs. 8100.20

C. Rs. 7120.00

D. Rs. 8250.10

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

5
Rebate = 5% of Rs. 7780 = Rs.( × 7780) = Rs. 389
100

10
Sales tax = 10% of Rs. (7780-389) = Rs. ( × 7391) = Rs. 739.10
100

Therefore, final amount = Rs.(7391+739.10) = Rs. 8130.10

Q.12) The population of a town increased from 2,75,000 to 3,50,500 in a decade.

The average percent increase of population per year is:

A. 3%

B. 2.600%

C 2.745%

D. 2.5%
Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Increase in 10 years = (350500-275000) = 75500

75500
Increase% = ( × 100) % = 27.45%
275000

27.45
Hence, required average = (
10
) % = 2.745%

Q.13) A student has to obtain 35% of the total marks to pass. He got 146 marks
and failed by 50 marks. The maximum marks are:

A. 650

B. 600

C. 550

D. 560

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let total marks be x.

The minimum marks for passing = 146+50 = 196

Therefore, 35% of x = 196

35x
⟹ = 196 ⟹ x = 560
100
Q.14) If the price of a book is first decreased by 30% and then increased by 25%,
then the net change in the price will be:

A. 12.5% increase

B. 10.5 % decrease

C. 12.5% decrease

D. 10.5% increase

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Let the original price be Rs. 100.

125 70
New final price = 125% of (70% of Rs.100) = Rs. ( × × 100) = Rs. 87.5
100 100

So, decrease = 12.5%

Q.15) The value of a machine depreciates at the rate of 10% every year. It was
purchased 3 years ago. If its present value is Rs. 43,740 its purchase price was:

A. Rs. 58,500

B. Rs. 60,000

C. Rs. 62,500

D. Rs. 62,000

Answer: Option B
Explanation:

Let the purchase price of machine be Rs. x

90 90 90
Then, x × × × = 43,740
100 100 100

⟹ x = Rs. 60,000

Q.16) Fresh fruit contains 70% water and dry fruit contains 20% water. How much
dry fruit can be obtained from 100 kg of fresh fruits?

A. 37.5 kg

B. 40 kg

C. 35 kg

D. 36.5 kg

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Given, fresh fruit has 70% water so remaining 30% is fruit content.

Weight of fresh fruits is 100 kg.

The dry fruit has 20% water so remaining 80% is fruit content.

Let weight of dry fruit be y kg.

We know that, fruit content in fresh fruit = fruit content in dry fruit
 30 80
Therefore, ( × 100) = ( × y) ⟹ y = 37.5 kg
100 100

Q.17) A man spends 25% of his income on food, 15% on children’s education and
60% of the remaining on house rent. What percent of his income he is left with?

A. 23%

B. 24%

C. 25%

D. 20%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let the total income be x.

Then, income left = (100 − 60)% of [100 − (25 + 15)] % of x

= 40% of 60% of x

= 24% of x

Q.18) Santosh’s salary is 60% of Sunil’s salary which is 45% of Rohan’s salary.
What percentage of Rohan’s salary is Santosh’s salary?

A. 25%

B. 26%
C. 27%

D. 30%

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Santosh’s salary = 60% of Sunil′ s salary = 60% of (45% of Rohan′ s salary)

60 45
= × of Rohan’s salary
100 100

= 27% of Rohan’s salary

Q.19) 48% of 175 + 30% of 120 =? – 105

Find the value of ‘?’ in the above equation.

A. 226

B. 230

C. 220

D. 225

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Given that,

48% of 175 + 30% of 120 =? – 105

 48 30
⟹ × 175 + × 120 =? −105
100 100

⟹ 84 + 36 =? – 105

⟹ ? = 225

Q.20) Rahul spends 25% of his monthly income on food articles, 30% of the
remaining on clothes and saves 60% of the remaining. If his monthly salary is Rs.
25,400, how much money does he save every month?

A. Rs. 8001

B. Rs. 8010

C. Rs. 8015

D. Rs. 8003

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Saving = 60% of (100 - 30)% of (100 - 25)% of Rs. 25,400

60 70 75
= Rs. ( × × × 25400)
100 100 100

= Rs. 8001
Q.21) 120 chocolates were distributed equally among children in such a way that
the number of chocolates received by each child is 30% of the total number of
children. How many chocolates did each child receive?

A. 5

B. 6

C. 4

D. 8

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let the total number of children be x.

Then, x (30% of x) = 120

30
⟹x × × x = 120
100

⟹ x 2 = 400

⟹ x = 20

Therefore, number of chocolates received by each child = 30% of 20 = 6

Q.22) Ramesh sell his goods 35% cheaper than Santosh and 30% dearer than
Vijay. How much % is Vijay’s good cheaper than Santosh?

A. 50%
B. 65%

C. 45%

D. 40%

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let Santosh sells at 100.

∴ Ramesh sells at (100-35) = 65

Suppose Vijay sells at x.

130
∴ x × = 65 ⟹ x = 50
100

∴ Vijay’s good cheaper than Santosh by 50%.

Q.23) The price of sugar rises from Rs. 15 per kg to Rs. 17.50 per kg. A person
wants to no change in his expenditure on sugar, will have to reduce his
consumption of sugar by:

3
A. 14 %
7

𝟏
B. 𝟏𝟒 %
𝟕

𝟐
C. 𝟏𝟒 %
𝟕

𝟕
D. 𝟏𝟒 %
𝟑
Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Original consumption = 100 kg and new consumption = 𝐱 kg

𝟔𝟎𝟎
So, 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟓 = 𝐱 × 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝟎 ⟹𝐱=
𝟕

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐
∴ Reduction in consumption = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − = = 𝟏𝟒 %
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕

Q.24) 800 boys and 600 girls are examined in a test; 45% of the boys and 60% of
the girls pass. The percentage of the total who failed is:

𝟒
A. 𝟒𝟖 %
𝟕

𝟑
B. 𝟒𝟖 %
𝟕

𝟏
C. 𝟒𝟖 %
𝟕

𝟐
D. 𝟒𝟖 %
𝟕

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Total number of students = 800 +600 = 1400

Number of students passed = (𝟒𝟓% 𝐨𝐟 𝟖𝟎𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎% 𝐨𝐟 𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝟒𝟓 𝟔𝟎
= ( × 𝟖𝟎𝟎) + ( × 𝟔𝟎𝟎) = 𝟕𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
∴ Number of students failed = 1400 – 720 = 680

𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝟒
∴ Percentage of failed students = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟖 %
𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟕

Q.25) In a Mathematics examination the average for the entire class was 75
marks. If 15% of the students scored 40 marks and 20% scored 85 marks, what
was the average mark of the remaining students of the class?

A. 85

B. 70

C. 75

D. 80

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the number of students in the class be 100 and let this required average be 𝐱.

Then, (𝟏𝟓 × 𝟒𝟎) + (𝟐𝟎 × 𝟖𝟓) + (𝟔𝟓 × 𝐱) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟕𝟓

𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟎
⟹ 𝐱= = 𝟖𝟎
𝟔𝟓

Q.26) If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 150% and the denominator of

the fraction is decreased by 50%, the resultant fraction is 15/31. What is the
original fraction?
 𝟐
A.
𝟑𝟏

𝟑
B.
𝟑𝟏

𝟑
C.
𝟑𝟐

𝟓
D.
𝟑𝟏

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

𝐱
Let the original fraction be
𝐲

𝟐𝟓𝟎
(𝒙 × ) 𝟏𝟓 𝒙 𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟎
So, by given 𝟓𝟎 = ⟹ =
(𝒚× ) 𝟑𝟏 𝒚 𝟑𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟎

Q.27) A town consists of 2000 peoples in which 55% are males. Also, 45% of males
are literate and overall 60% peoples are literate. Then what percent of the
females of the town are literate?

A. 76.33%

B. 75%

C. 78.33%

D. 80%

Answer: Option C
Explanation:

Number of males = 55% of 2000 = 1100

⟹ Number of females = 2000-1100 = 900

Total number of literate peoples = 60% of 2000 = 1200

Number of literate males = 45% of 1100 = 495

∴ Number of literate females = 1200-495 = 705

𝟕𝟎𝟓
∴ Required percentage = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟑𝟑%
𝟗𝟎𝟎

Q.28) The population of a town was 2,40,000 three years ago. If it increased by
5%, 2.5% and 10% respectively in the last three years, then the present
population is:

A. 284100

B. 284130

C. 294120

D. 312530

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let the present population of town be 𝒙.

 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟐.𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟎
∴ 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 × × ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

= 𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟏𝟑𝟎

Q.29) A bag contains 800 coins of 25 paisa denomination and 1300 coins of 50
paisa denomination. If 15% of 25 paisa coins and 20% of 50 paisa coins are
removed, the percentage of money removed from the bag is nearly:

A. 20.2%

B. 19.7%

C. 16.5%

D. 18.8 %

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟎
Total money = 𝑹𝒔. [𝟖𝟎𝟎 × + 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎 × ] = Rs. 850
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟓
25 paisa coins removed money = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 × = 𝑹𝒔. 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝟎
Also, 50 paisa coins removed money = 𝟔𝟓𝟎 × = 𝑹𝒔. 𝟏𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

∴ Total removed money = 30 + 130 = Rs.160

𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝟑𝟐𝟎
∴ Required percentage = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖 %
𝟖𝟓0 𝟏𝟕
Q.30) How many liters of alcohol are there in 22 liters of a 22% solution?

A. 4.84 liters

B. 4.54 liters

C. 4.48 liters

D. 4.30 liters

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Quantity of alcohol = 22% of 22 liters

𝟐𝟐
= × 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟒 liters
𝟏𝟎𝟎

Q.31) A person spends 71.43% of his income. If his income increases by 28.57%
and expenditure increases by 60% but savings decreases by Rupees 1200 then
find his initial income.

A. Rs. 8200

B. Rs. 8400

C. Rs. 8250

D. Rs. 8300

Answer: Option B

Explanation:
We know that, income – expenditure = savings.

Here, 71.43% = 5/7

⟹ Initial income = 7 then expenditure = 5 and savings = 2.

Now, income increases by 28.57% = 2/7 and expenditure increases by 60% = 3/5

⟹ Final income = 7 + 2 = 9, new expenditure = 5 + 3 = 8 and savings = 1.

Difference between savings = 2-1 = 1 unit

By given, 1 unit = Rs. 1200

So, initial income is 7 units = Rs. (7×1200) = Rs. 8400

Q.32) If 130 is increased by x% and 390 is decreased by x%, results are equal, then
(x/2)% of 160 is what % less than (100 + x)% of 75?

A. 64.44%

B. 62.24%

C. 65.34%

D. 66.64%

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

By given:
𝟏𝟑𝟎(𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝐱) 𝟑𝟗𝟎(𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝐱)
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

⟹ x = 50

𝐱 𝟏 𝟏𝟔𝟎
Now, (x/2)% of 160 = × × 𝟏𝟔𝟎 = = 𝟒𝟎
𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒

𝟏𝟓𝟎
And, (100 + x)% of 75 = × 𝟕𝟓 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

So, (72.50/112.50)×100 = 64.44%

Q.33) If 229% A = 2748% of B and B = x% of A, then the value of x% is?

A. 8.47%

B. 8.12%

C. 8.84%

D. 8.33%

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

According to the question,

A×229% = 2748%× B

⟹ A/B = 2748/229 = 12

⟹ A = 12B

Now,
B = O.0833A

So, x% = 8.33%

Q.34) 20 liters of water is added to 60 liters of a solution containing 40% alcohol

in water. What is the concentration of alcohol in solution now?

A. 25%

B. 35%

C. 30%

D. 32%

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

As per given,

Initial quantity of water = 60×60/100 = 36 liters

Initial quantity of alcohol = 60 – 36 = 24 liters

New quantity of water = 36 + 20 = 56 liters

So, Mixture = 24 + 56 = 80 liters

According to the question,

∴ Concentration of alcohol in solution now = (24/80) × 100 = 30%

Q.35) If the salary of Sonu is 62.5% less than the Monu, then salary of Monu is
how much percentage more than Sonu?

A. 62.5%

B. 166.67%

C. 137.5%

D. 66.67%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

We know that,

62.5% = 5/8

Suppose, Monu’s salary = 8 units then Sonu’s salary = 3 units

So, difference in salary = 5 units

∴ Required % = (5/3)×100 = 166.67 %

Q.36) The price of petrol is increased by 57.14%. By how much % a car driver
should reduce his consumption of petrol so that there is no extra expenditure?

A. 42.86%

B. 63.64%

C. 36.36%
D. 46.24%

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

We know, expenditure = price × consumption

As, 57.14% = 4/7

Suppose initial price = 7 units then final price = 11 units.

When expenditure is constant then price and consumption are inversely

proportional to each other.

So, initial consumption = 11 units and final consumption = 7 units.

So, reduced consumption = 4 units.

∴ Required % = (4/11)×100 = 36.36%

Q.37) The price of sugar is reduced by 20%. Now, a person can buys 7 kg more
sugar for Rs. 340. What is the new price of sugar per Kg?

A. Rs. 9.71

B. Rs. 12.14

C. Rs. 11.24

D. Rs. 10.45

Answer: Option A
Explanation:

We know, expenditure = price × consumption

As, 20% = 1/5

Suppose initial price = 5 units then final price = 4 units.

When expenditure is constant then price and consumption are inversely

proportional to each other.

So, initial consumption = 4 units and final consumption = 5 units.

So, increased consumption = 1 unit.

By given, 1 unit = 7 kg

⟹ 5 units = 35 kg

∴ New price of sugar per Kg = Rs. (340/35) = Rs. 9.71

Q.38) The population of a city decreases by (100/17)%, (100/13)% and (100/23)%

respectively in three years. If the population of the city decreases by 7360 during
2nd year then find the total decrement in population for three years.

A. 16230

B. 18230

C. 16450

D. 17180
Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Given: The population of a city decreases by (100/17)%, (100/13)% and (100/23)%

respectively in three years.

And the population of the city decreases by 7360 during 2nd year.

For 2nd year,

Decrement of (100/13)% = 1/13

⟹ At the beginning of 2nd year population = 13 units and at the end of 2nd year
population = 12 units.

Also, 1 unit = 7360 ⟹ 13 units = 95680 and 12 units = 88320

For 1st year,

Decrement of (100/17)% = 1/17

⟹ At the beginning of 1st year population = 17 units and at the end of 1st year
population = 16 units.

Also, 16 units = 95680 ⟹ 17 units = 101660

∴ Initial population = 101660

For 3rd year,

Decrement of (100/23)% = 1/23

⟹ At the beginning of 3rd year population = 23 units and at the end of 3rd year
population = 22 units.

Also, 23 units = 88320 ⟹ 22 units = 84480

So, population after 3rd year = 84480

∴ Total decrement in population for three years = 101660 – 84480 = 17180

Q.39) A man went to the market with Rs.2400 in his pocket. He spent 33.33% on
buying medicine. 3x% of the remaining on buying food items and he spent 50% of
the remaining on travelling, at last, he left with him Rupees 600. Find 3x.

A. 20

B. 25

C. 21

D. 27

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

According to the question,

2400×(2/3) × [(100 – 3x)/100]×(1/2) = 600

⟹ 100 – 3x = 75

⟹ 3x = 25
Q.40) Every year the value of a machine depreciate by (50/3)%. If it's present
value is Rs. 97200. Find its value after 3 years.

A. Rs. 56230

B. Rs. 56210

C. Rs. 56250

D. Rs. 56270

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Here, (50/3)% = 1/6

∴ Required value = Rs. [97200×(5/6)×(5/6)×(5/6)] = Rs. 56250

Q.41) In a maternity Center, 14% of the childbirth cases are twins. What is the
approximate percentage of twins out of total children born?

A. 14.00%

B. 24.56%

C. 28.00%

D. 22.28%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Let the total childbirth cases be 100.

As 14% childbirth cases are twins ⟹ number of twins = 14×2 = 28

So, total number of children born = 86 + 28 = 114

∴ Required % = (28/114)×100 = 24.56 %

Q.42) If 12.5% of a number is 12.5 × 0.125, then find the 200% of that number?

A. 25

B. 125

C. 12.5

D. 50.5

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let the required number be x.

Then, 12.5% of x = 12.5 × 0.125

⟹ (12.5/100)x = 12.5 × 0.125

⟹ x = 12.5

∴ 200% of x = 2 × 12.5 = 25
Q.43) 70% of a number is added to the number itself then the result is 34% of
200. Then find the number?

A. 34

B. 68

C. 51

D. 40

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the required number be x.

Then, 70% of x + x = 34% of 200

⟹ (70/100)x + x = (34/100)200

⟹ 170x = 6800

∴ x = 40

Q.44) x% of y is equal to z% of w then find the value of 25% of x?

A. zw/y

B. zw/4y

C. zy/w
D. 4zw/y

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Given: x% of y = z% of w

⟹ x = zw/y

∴ 25% of x = zw/4y

Q.45) Find the percentage change in the area of the rectangle, whose length is
decreased by 6.25 % and breadth is also decreased by 12.5% (rounded off two
decimals)?

A. increased by 17.97%

B. decreased by 15.27%

C. decreased by 17.97%

D. increased by 15.27%

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Here, 6.25% = 1/16 and 12.50% = 1/8

Let the original length = 16 units then new length = 15 units

Let the original breadth = 8 units then new breadth = 7 units

Then, original area = 128 sq. units and new area = 105 sq. units

∴ Required % = (23/128)×100 = 17.97 % (decrease)

Q.46) Find the relation between X and Y, if the value of X increased by 250% of
itself equals to the value of 25% of Y.

A. 14X = Y

B. X = 14Y

C. X = 7Y

D. Y = 7X

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Given: (100+250)% of X = 25% of Y

⟹ 350% of X = 25% of Y

⟹ 350X = 25Y

∴ 14X = Y

Q.47) A rate of kerosene oil is increased by 12.5% then decreased by 25% then
again decreased by 25%. Find the overall change in its rate?

A. It becomes 78.75%
B. It becomes 70.46%

C. It becomes 68.78%

D. It becomes 63.28%

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the rate of kerosene oil be 100.

𝟏𝟏𝟐.𝟓 𝟕𝟓 𝟕𝟓
Then, 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × × × = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟐𝟖
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

∴ Required rate = 63.28% of its original rate

Q.48) In a hotel, 40% had coffee while 30% had tea. 10% of them had coffee and
tea both. If 360 people were present then find the number of people who did take
either of two?

A. 288

B. 216

C. 180

D. 252

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Required number = (40% + 30% - 10%) of 360

 = 60% of 360

= 216

Q.49) Rashi scored 32.4% marks and failed by 20 marks. Shyamali scored 37.4%
marks and get 20 more marks than required to pass. Then find the maximum
number of marks of the exam?

A. 900

B. 1200

C. 1000

D. 800

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the maximum marks be x.

Then, 5% of x = 40

⟹ x = (100/5)×40 = 800

Q.50) In an examination, A gets 25 % less marks than B. B gets 25% more marks
than C and C gets 20 % less marks than D. If A gets 450 marks out of 800 then how
much marks getting by D?
A. 60%

B. 75%

C. 66.66%

D. 80%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let the marks obtained by A, B, C and D be a, b, c and d respectively.

Then, a : b = 3 : 4, b : c = 5 : 4, c : d = 4 : 5

⟹ a : b : c : d = 15 : 20 : 16 : 20

Since, a = 450 ⟹ d = 600

∴ D gets 600 marks out of 800.

∴ D gets 75% marks.

Q.51) In an election, a candidate who gets 63% of the vote is elected by a majority
of 1118 votes. What is the number of polled votes?

A. 4200

B. 4400

C. 4100
D. 4300

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the number of polled votes be x.

Elected candidate have majority of (63-37) = 26 % votes.

Then, 26% of x = 1118

⟹ x = (100/26) × 1118

⟹ x = 4300

Q.52) If successive % of a and b is M. Then find the value of M-b?

A. a(100+b)/100

B. b(100+a)/100

C. a(100+b)/200

D. a(100+2b)/100

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Here, a + b + (ab/100) = M

Then, a + b + (ab/100) – b = M – b
⟹ a + (ab/100) = M – b

∴ M-b = a(100+b)/100

Q.53) The ratio 2/5 : 3/4 will be expressed in the form of percentage be:

A. 46.67%

B. 53.33%

C. 48.17%

D. 51.23%

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Given ratio = 2/5 : 3/4 = 8 : 15

∴ Required % = (8/15)×100 = 53.33 %

Q.54) If A is 38% of B, then how much percent of 3A is B?

A. 114%

B. 93.33%

C. 87.72%

D. 97.67%
Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Given: A is 38% of B

⟹ A = (38/100)B

∴ B = 100A/38

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐀/𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟎
∴ Required % = ( × 𝟏𝟎𝟎) % = ( × 𝟏𝟎𝟎) % = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟕𝟐%
𝟑𝐀 𝟏𝟏𝟒

Q.55) In an examination, 27% failed in Science and 29% failed in Mathematics.

Find the pass percentage in both the subjects if 13% failed in both the subjects?

A. 44%

B. 31%

C. 53%

D. 57%

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Number of failed in both the subjects = (27+29-13)% = 43%

∴ The pass percentage in both the subjects = (100 – 43)% = 57%

Q.56) 25% of two-seventh of a land is sold for Rupees 30,000. What is the value of
40% of the land?

A. Rs. 167230

B. Rs. 168000

C. Rs. 168300

D. Rs. 167400

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Value of 25% of (2/7) of land = Rs. 30000

∴ Value of total land = Rs. 420000

𝟒𝟎
∴ Value of 40% of land = Rs. ( × 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝐑𝐬. 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

Q.57) Convert the fraction √𝟒𝟗/𝟑𝟐 into percentage:

A. 77.78%

B. 67.66%

C. 74.56%

D. 79.37%

Answer: Option A
Explanation:

√𝟒𝟗 𝟕
Given fraction is: =
𝟑𝟐 𝟗

𝟕
∴ Required % = ( × 𝟏𝟎𝟎) % = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟖%
𝟗

Q.58) 40% discount is offered on an item. By using Membership card the

customer wins 10% cash back. What is the effective discount percent?

A. 54%

B. 50%

C. 46%

D. 52%

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Let M.P. be Rs. 100

𝟔𝟎 𝟗𝟎
Then, S.P. = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × × = 𝐑𝐬. 𝟓𝟒
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

∴ Required effective discount percent = 46%

Q.59) If the given two numbers are respectively 18% and 32% of a third number,
then what percentage is the first of the second?
A. 55.18%

B. 56.20%

C. 55.78%

D. 56.25%

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the third number be 100.

Then, first number = 18 and second number = 32

18
∴ Required % = ( × 100) % = 56.25%
32

1
Q.60) 33 % of 78 + 23% of 25 = x% of 25. Find the value of x?
3

A. 49

B. 127

C. 123

D. 92

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

1
Given: 33 % of 78 + 23% of 25 = x% of 25
3
 1 23 x
⟹ × 78 + = × 25
3 4 100

23 x
⟹ 26 + =
4 4

127 x
⟹ =
4 4

∴ x = 127