Date : 22-05-2025 STD 10 Science Total Marks : 88

SECTION A

* Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options given [50]
for each of the questions

1. The internal energy (cellular energy) reserve in autotrophs is:

-()
(A) Proteins. (B) Fatty acids. (C) Glycogen. (D) Starch.

Ans. :
d. Starch.
Explanation:
The autotrophs, like plants, store energy in the form of starch.
2. What are the functions of the Xylem?
Carrying Sugars Carrying water Carrying mineral ions Giving Support
(a) ✓ × × ✓

(b) ✓ ✓ × ×

(c) × ✓ ✓ ×

(d) × ✓ ✓ ✓

Key â = a function of xylem, X= not a function of xylem.

-()
(A) (a) (B) (b) (C) (c) (D) (d)
Ans. :
d. (d)
Explanation:
Xylem is also responsible for providing mechanical strength to the plant and
tissue. The chief role of xylem is to transport water and water soluble
nutrients from roots to all the parts of the plant. and it also provides support.
3. Choose the function of the pancreatic juice from the following:
-()
(A) Trypsin digests (B) Trypsin digests (C) Trypsin and (D) Trypsin digests
proteins and lipase emulsified fats and lipase digest fats. proteins and lipase
carbohydrates. lipase proteins. emulsified fats.
Ans. :
d. Trypsin digests proteins and lipase emulsified fats.
Solution: Trypsin completes the digestion of protein. Lipase digests emulsified
fat to convert it into fatty acids and glycerol.
4. Nitrogenous wastes are formed from the breakdown of:

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 -()
(A) Fat. (B) Water. (C) Amino acids. (D) Ammonia.
Ans. :
d. Ammonia.
Explanation:
Nitrogenous wastes tend to form toxic ammonia, which raises the pH of body
fluids.
5. The process of obtaining food by Amoeba is known as:
-()
(A) Dialysis. (B) Cytokinesis. (C) Phagocytosis. (D) Amoebiasis.

Ans. :
c. Phagocytosis.
Explanation:
Amoebae obtain food by the process called phagocytosis, which means cell
feeding.
6. Lack of oxygen in muscles often leads of oxygen in muscles often leads to
cramps among cricketers. This results due to:
-()
(A) Conversion of (B) Conversion of (C) Non conversion (D) Conversion of
pyruvate to ethanol. pyruvate to glucose. of glucose to pyruvate to lactic
pyruvate. acid.

Ans. :
d. Conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid.
Explanation:
Break down of pyruvate using oxygen, i.e., aerobic respiration takes place in
the mitochondria. Lactic acid is produced in the muscle from the metabolism
of carbohydrate in the cells. When muscles work hard.
7. One of the following does not have a nucleus. This one is:
-()
(A) Red blood cell. (B) White blood cell. (C) Guard cell. (D) Epidermal cell.
Ans. :
a. Red blood cell.
Explanation:
Red blood cells do not have nuclei.
8. Which one of the following statements related to capillaries is correct?
-()
(A) It acts as (B) These are deeply (C) Help in (D) All of the above.
connective link penetrated inside exchange of

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 between arteries the tissues. materials between
and veins. blood and
surrounding cells.
Ans. :
d. All of the above.
Explanation:
There are two types of capillaries: true capillaries, which branch from
arterioles and provide exchange between tissue and the capillary blood, and
metarterioles, found only in the mesenteric circulation. They are short vessels
that directly connect the arterioles and venules at opposite ends of the beds.
9. The length of small intestine in a human adult is about:
-()
(A) 4.5m. (B) 1.5m. (C) 3.5m. (D) 6.5m.

Ans. :
d. 6.5m
Explanation:
The length of small intestine in a human adult is around 6.5 m.
10. During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human beings, pyruvic acid is
converted into lactic acid in the:
-()
(A) Cytoplasm. (B) Chloroplast. (C) Mitochondria. (D) Golgi body.

Ans. :
a. Cytoplasm.
Solution: Anaerobic respiration takes place in cytoplasm.
11. Which of the following is the correct path taken by urine in our body?
-()
(A) Kidney → ureter (B) Kidney → (C) Kidney → ureter (D) Bladder →
→ urethra → bladder → urethra → → bladder → kidney → ureter →
bladder. ureter. urethra. urethra.

Ans. :
c. Kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra.
Explanation:
During blood circulation, blood passes through the kidneys. This blood
contains both useful and waste materials. The kidneys filter the wastes from
the blood and produce urine. From the kidneys, the urine goes into the
urinary bladder through two narrow tubes called ureters. The urinary bladder
stores the urine until it is forced out of the body, through an opening known
as the urethra.
12. The wave of expansion of an artery when blood is forced into it is called:

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 -()
(A) Flow. (B) Heart beat. (C) Pulse. (D) Ticking.

Ans. :
c. Pulse.
Explanation:
Pulse is the expansion of the artery each time the blood is forced into it.

13. Which is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal?

-()
(A) Mouth → (B) Mouth → (C) Mouth → (D) Mouth →
stomach → small oesophagus → stomach → oesophagus →
intestine → stomach → large oesophagus → small stomach → small
oesophagus → large intestine → small intestine → large intestine → large
intestine. intestine. intestine. intestine.

Ans. :
d. Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine.
Solution: Human alimentary canal consists of organs of digestion which are
namely, in sequence, mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine and anus.
14. One of the following organism does not depend on simple diffusion of gases for
breathing and respiration. This organism is:
-()
(A) Amoeba. (B) Prawn. (C) Planaria. (D) Bryophyllum.

Ans. :
b. Prawn.
Explanation:
Prawn is an aquatic animal that respires through gills. The gills extract oxygen
dissolved in water and take away carbon-dioxide from the body.

15. Most often during a kidney disorder, the colour of urine changes from yellow to
others. A patient is secreting dark coloured urine which turns to blue or black
later. This is due to the presence of which of the following?
-()
(A) Homogentisic (B) (C) Corpoporphyrin. (D) Both A and B
acid. Methaemoglobin.

Ans. :
Glucose Protein Salts
(c) ✓ × ✓

Explanation:

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 Urine also contains many salts and glucose. Red blood cells and sugar are not
normally found in urine but may indicate glomerulus injury and diabetes mellitus

respectively.
16. The excretory organs in an earthworm are:
-()
(A) Nephridia. (B) Nephrons. (C) Raphides. (D) Ureters.

Ans. :
a. Nephridia.
Explanation:
In earthworm, the main excretory organs are nephridia. It functions like a
kidney.
17. What is the correct route for blood flow in a human?
-()
(A) Left (B) Left (C) Right (D) Right
atrium → Left atrium → Left atrium → Right atrium → Right
ventricle → Lungs → Right
ventricle → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Lungs → Left
ventricle → Right ventricle → Right ventricle →Left atrium → Left
atrium. atrium → Lungs. atrium → Lungs. ventricle.

Ans. :
d. Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle
Explanation:
The deoxygenated blood collected from different body parts is poured into
the right auricle. From right auricle it moves to the right ventricle and
through the pulmonary artery this is deoxygenated blood is pumped into the
lungs where it is oxygenated. Then this oxygenated blood is transported to
the left Atrium and then moves to the left ventricle from where it is pumped
into the whole body.
18. Which of the following increases in muscle cells when they are lacking in
oxygen?
-()
(A) Carbon-dioxide. (B) Lactose. (C) Lactic acid. (D) Uric acid.

Ans. :
c. Lactic acid.
Explanation:
In the muscle cells that lack oxygen, concentration of lactic acid is increased.
This is because, here, anaerobic respiration takes place in which glucose is

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 converted into lactic acid with the release of a small amount of energy.
19. An organism which does not have loop of Henle will excrete.
-()
(A) No urine. (B) Dilute urine. (C) Concentrated (D) No change in
urine. urine.
Ans. :
b. Dilute urine.
Explanation:
A "dilute specimen" is a urine sample that has a higher than average water
content. When a test applicant consumes excessive.
Amounts of fluid, the concentration of urine will subsequently become dilute.
This can be abused by intentionally over-consuming large amounts of water
prior to a drug test.
20. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in:
-()
(A) Carbon-dioxide. (B) Water. (C) Haemoglobin. (D) Oxygen.

Ans. :
a. Carbon-dioxide.
Explanation:
The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in carbon-dioxide, i.e. it
becomes deoxygenated.
21. A healthy woman consumes a litre of water at once.
i. How will be the internal environment of her body affected by this?
ii. A corrective measure to bring the arising condition to normal state is?
Select the correct option for (i) and (ii) from those given below.
(i) (ii)
(a Plasma becomes diluted Concentration of the urine formed.
)
(b Osmotic pressure of the plasma Increase in the volume of urine
) decreases formed.
(c The body cells undergoes shrinkage Less water is reabsorbed by the
) kidneys.
(d Osomotic pressure of the plasma Formation of dilute urine occure.
) increases
-()
(A) (a) (B) (b) (C) (c) (D) (d)
Ans. :
c. (b)

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 Explanation: Consuming high amount of water leads to increased water
concentration in blood. As a result, osmotic pressure of the plasma decreases
because excess water must be eliminated to maintain normal functioning of
the body. Decreased osmotic pressure of the plasma tends to push out
excess water from the circulatory system.
Consequently, more volume of urine is produced and the person has frequent
urination.
22. Select the correct statement:
-()
(A) Heterotrophs do (B) Heterotrophs (C) Heterotrophs (D) Heterotrophs
not synthesise their utilise solar energy synthesise their are capable of
own food. for photosynthesis. own food. converting carbon
dioxide and water
into carbohydrates.
Ans. :
a. Heterotrophs do not synthesise their own food.
Solution: Heterotrophs are the organisms that cannot synthesize their own
food and depend on available organic/ inorganic compounds to fulfil their
energy requirements.
Examples: All animals.
23. Which one of the following does not have valves?
-()
(A) Heart. (B) Arteries. (C) Capillaries. (D) Veins.
Ans. :
c. Capillaries.
Explanation:
Capillaries do not have valves, while heart, arteries and veins have valves to
prevent the back - flow of blood.
24. Which of the following is known as the energy currency of the cells in biology?
-()
(A) DTP. (B) PDP. (C) ATP. (D) DDT.
Ans. :
c. ATP
Explanation:
In biology, ATP is known as the energy currency of a cell. It is a high energy
molecule that stores the energy.
25. The figure given below is representing the dialysis machine for removing
nitrogenous wastes in patient with a kidney failure.

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 Which substances out of the following in the dialysis fluid should be at a lower
concentration than in the blood of patient?
-()
(A) Glucose and (B) Glucose and (C) Salts and urea. (D) Glucose and
urea. amino acids. salts
Ans. :
c. Salts and urea.
26. The diagram shows a vertical section through the heart.
What are the functions of the numbered blood vessels?
Carr Carr Carri Carri
ies ies es es
bloo bloo bloo bloo
d to d to d d
bod lung from from
y s lung bod
s y
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 3 1 4 2

-()
(A) (a) (B) (b) (C) (c) (D) (d)

Ans. :
d. (d)
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 Explanation:
a. Pulmonary artery.
b. Vena cava.
c. Aorta.
d. Pulmonary vein.
27. Choose the correct path of urine in our body:
-()
(A) Kidney → ureter (B) Kidney → urinary (C) Kidney → ureters (D) Urinary bladder
→ urethra → urinary bladder → urethra → →urinary bladder → → kidney → ureter →
bladder. ureter. urethra. urethra.

Ans. :
c. Kidney → ureters →urinary bladder → urethra.
Solution: The correct path of urine is kidney -4 Ureters -4 Urinary bladder
Urethra.
Kidneys are the paired organ where urine formation takes place. Small
muscular tube, called as ureter, extend from kidneys and carry blood to
urinary bladder. The urethra is a small tube that extends from the urinary
bladder to an external opening. Hence, option C is the correct sequence.
28. The first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract is:
-()
(A) Pepsin. (B) Cellulose. (C) Amylase. (D) Trypsin.

Ans. :
c. Amylase.
Explanation:
The digestion of food begins in the mouth by the action of salivary amylase.
29. In one of the following organisms, the gaseous exchange during repiration does
not take place through cell membrane/ skin. This organism is:
-()
(A) Electric eel (B) Leech (C) Earthworm (D) Amoeba.

Ans. :
a. Electric eel
Explanation:
Electric eel respires through gills. Leech and earthworm respire through their
skin.
30. Blood is pumped from the heart to the entire body by the:
-()
(A) Lungs. (B) Ventricles. (C) Atria. (D) Nerves.
Ans. :
b. Ventricles.
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 Explanation:
Ventricles pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the entire body.
31. Which vein brings clean blood from the lungs into the heart?
-()
(A) Renal vein. (B) Pulmonary vein. (C) Vena cava. (D) Hepatic vein.

Ans. :
b. Pulmonary vein.
Explanation:
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood (clean blood) from the lungs into
the heart.
32. How does the exchange of gases occur in roots of a plant?
-()
(A) Through (B) Through root (C) Through root (D) None of these.
lenticels. stomata. hairs.
Ans. :
c. Through root hairs.
Explanation:
The exchange of gases in roots of a plant takes place by the process of
diffusion. The exchange of gases is mostly done with the help of stomata.
Plant breath in through stomata present in their bodies.
33. Which of the following contributes most to the transport of water from the
ground to the leaves of a tall tree?
-()
(A) Root pressure. (B) Capillary rise of (C) Breakdown of (D) Cohesion of
water in xylem. ATP. water and
transpiration pull.
Ans. :
d. Cohesion of water and transpiration pull.
Explanation:
Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant through evaporation at the
leaf surface. It is the main driver of water movement in the xylem. it creates
negative pressure (tension). Water from the roots is pulled up by this tension.
The water is held in the stem and leaf by the cohesion of water molecules to
each other as well as the adhesion of water to the cell walls of the xylem
vessels and tracheids. This is called the cohesion-tension theory of sap ascent
34. Single circulation i.e., blood flows through the heart only once during one cycle
of passage through the body, is exhibited by:
-()

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 (A) Labeo, (B) Hippocampus, (C) Hyla, Rana, (D) Whale, Dolphin,
Chameleon, Exocoetus, Anabas. Draco. Turtle.
Salamander.
Ans. :
b. Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Anabas.
Solution: The examples and the relation of animal group and heart are as,
Fishes have two chambered heart and exhibit single circulation while three
chambered heart of amphibian and reptiles and four chambered heart of
birds and mammals exhibit double circulation. In given options, C includes all
fishes which makes it correct answer.
35. If a patient is out on dialysis, he is most likely suffering from a severe ailment of
the:
-()
(A) Circulatory (B) Respiratory (C) Excretory (D) Digestive
system. system. system. system.
Ans. :
c. Excretory system.
Explanation:
Dialysis is the process of removing wastes using an artificial kidney.
Hence, if a patient is out on dialysis, he is most likely suffering from a severe
ailment of excretory system. It is because kidneys are a part of human
excretory system and in case of kidney failure, to remove the accumulated
wastes from the body, blood is filtered periodically through an artificial
kidney.
36. Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts as they occur in the
human alimentary canal?
-()
(A) Mouth → (B) Mouth → (C) Mouth → (D) Mouth →
Stomach → Small Oesophagus → Stomach → Oesophagus →
intestine → Stomach → Large Oesophagus → Stomach → Small
Oesophagus → intestine → Small Small intestine → intestine → Large
Large intestine. intestine. Large intestine. intestine.
Ans. :
d. Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine
Explanation:
The correct sequence of the parts as they occur in the human alimentary
canal is given below.
Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine.
37. Which of the following organisms is ammonotelic?

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 -()
(A) Birds. (B) Humans. (C) Reptiles. (D) Aquatic animals.

Ans. :
a. Aquatic animals.
Explanation:
An ammonotelic organism excretes nitrogenous waste as soluble ammonia.
Most of the aquatic animals including protozoans, crustaceans,
platyhelminths, cnidarians, poriferans, echinoderms, fishes, larvae tadpoles of
amphibians are ammonotelic.
38. Internal respiration may be defined as:
-()
(A) Breathing in and (B) The oxidation of (C) The building up (D) Getting rid of
releasing of oxygen food substances to (synthesis) of carbon dixode that
in the tissue. release energy. complex would accumulate
substances. in the tissues.

Ans. :
b. The oxidation of food substances to release energy.
Explanation:
Internal respiration may be defined as the oxidation of food substances to
release energy.
39. Which of the following is the correct statement?
-()
(A) Heterotrophs (B) Heterotrophs (C) Heterotrophs do (D) Heterotrophs
synthesise their utilize solar energy not synthesise their are capable of
own food. for photosynthesis. own food. converting carbon
dioxide and water
into carbohydrates.

Ans. :
c. Heterotrophs do not synthesise their own food.
Explanation:
Heterotrophs cannot synthesis their food.
40. Which substances are produced by anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Carbon Dioxide Alcohol Lactic Acid Water
(a) ✓ ✓ × ×

(b) ✓ × ✓ ×

(c) × ✓ × ✓

(d) × × ✓ ✓

-()
(A) (a) (B) (b) (C) (c) (D) (d)
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 Ans. :
Carbon Dioxide Alcohol Lactic Acid Water
(a) ✓ ✓ × ×

Explanation:
Fermentation is anaerobic respiration and happens without oxygen. Glucose is
converted to two ATP, ethanol, and carbon dioxide. Yeast contains the enzyme
alcohol dehydrogenase which helps in the formation of alcohol. Due to this reason,
fermentation will occur in yeast which will result in the formation of alcohol and
CO 2.

41. If the saliva is lacking in salivary amylase, then which of the following processes
taking place in the buccal cavity will be affected?
-()
(A) Proteins (B) Starch breaking (C) Fats breaking (D) Intestinal layer
breaking down into down into sugars. down into fatty breaking down
amino acids. acids and glycerol. leading to ulcers.

Ans. :
b. Starch breaking down into sugars.
Explanation:
Salivary amylase digests carbohydrates. Starch is a carbohydrate, which is
digested and broken down into sugars by the salivary amylase in the buccal
cavity.
42. During marathon, we sometimes get painful contractions of leg muscles due to
the accumulation of one of the following in leg muscles. This is:
-()
(A) Carbon-dioxide. (B) Alcohol. (C) Lactose. (D) Lactic acid.

Ans. :
d. Lactic acid.
Explanation:
During a marathon, most of the energy in our muscles is produced through
aerobic respiration, while anaerobic respiration provides some extra energy
needed under these conditions. The anaerobic respiration by the muscles
brings about partial breakdown of glucose to form lactic acid. The
accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes muscle cramps.
43. In human digestive system, the enzymes pepsin and trypsin are secreted
respectively by:
-()
(A) Pancreas and (B) Stomach and (C) Pancreas and (D) Stomach and
liver. salivary glands. gall bladder. pancreas.

Ans. :
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 d. Stomach and pancreas.
Explanation:
Pepsin is secreted by the stomach and trypsin is secreted by the pancreas.
44. The table shows the characteristics of blood in one blood vessel of the body.
Oxygen concentration Carbon dioxide concentration Pressure
High Low High
Which blood vessel contains blood with these characteristics?
-()
(A) Aorta. (B) Pulmonary (C) Pulmonary vein. (D) Vena cava.
artery.
Ans. :
a. Aorta.
Explanation:
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aorta begins at the top of the
left ventricle, the heart's muscular pumping chamber. The heart pumps blood
from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve. Aorta is the only
blood vessel which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to
different parts of the body. As the blood is oxygenated and this blood vessel
the oxygen concentration is high, carbon dioxide concentration is low and the
blood pressure is very high so as to supply the oxygenated blood to different
parts of the body.
45. In photosynthesis, which substances are used up, which are produced and
which are necessary, but remain unchanged after the reaction?
Produced Produced Remain
(a) Carbon dioxide Water Oxygen
(b) Chlorophyll Carbon dioxide Water
(c) Oxygen Starch Cellulose
(d) Water Oxygen Chlorophyll
-()
(A) Which of the (B) Conversion of (C) Reduction of (D) Oxidation of
following events light energy into carbon-dioxide to carbon to carbon-
does not occur in chemical energy. carbohydrates. dioxide.
photosynthesis?
Ans. :
Produced Produced Remain
(a) Carbon dioxide Water Oxygen
Explanation:
In photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide are used as raw materials to produce
glucose and release out oxygen. This process occurs in the presence of green
 pigment chlorophyll present in leaves of the plant, which remains unchanged after
the reaction.
46. Assertion:
(A) In the day time, CO 2 generated during respiration is used up for
photosynthesis.
Reason:
(R) There is no CO 2 release during day.
-()
(A) Both A and R are (B) Both A and R are (C) A is true, but R (D) A is false, but R
true and R is the true, but R is not is false. is false.
correct explanation the correct
of A. explanation of A.
Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
47. Which of the following represents the photosynthesis correctly?
-()
(A) 6CO 2
+ 12H2 O −→
− C6 H12 O6 + 6H2 O + 6O2

Sunlight

(B) 6CO 2
+ 12H2 O −−−−→ C6 H12 O6 + O2 + 6H2 O

Sunlight

(C) 6CO 2
+ 12H2 O −−−−−−→ C6 H12 O6 + 6HO2 + O2
Chlorophyll

Sunlight

(D) 6CO 2 + 12H2 O −−−−−−→ C6 H12 O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2 O

Chlorophyll

Ans. :
Sunlight

d. 6CO2 + 12H2 O −−−−−−→ C6 H12 O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2 O

Chlorophyll

Explanation:
Oxygenic photosynthesis is written as follows:
6CO2 + 12H2 O Light Energy → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 + 6H2 O

48. Which breathing organ is helpful in initialising the process of inspiration and
expiration of air?
-()
(A) Diaphragm. (B) Alveoli. (C) Larynx. (D) Nostrils.

Ans. :
a. Diaphragm.
Explanation:
The diaphragm is a barrier method of birth control. It is moderately effective,
with a one-year failure rate of around 12% with typical use. It is placed over
 the cervix with spermicide before sex and left in place for at least six hours
after sex. Fitting by a healthcare provider is generally required.
49. A plant is kept in the dark for two days. A leaf is used in an experiment to
investigate the effect of two factors on photosynthesis as shown in the diagram.
What are the colours of Q and R, when the leaf is tested for starch, using iodine
solution?
Q R
(a) Blue/ black Brown
(b) Brown Brown
(c) Blue/ black Blue/ black
(d) Brown Blue/ black
-()
(A) (i) (B) (ii) (C) (iii) (D) (iv)
Ans. :
c. Blue/ Black
Explanation:
Yes, there will be difference in results of two experiments.This is because,
since it was kept in a dark room where there was no sunlight, the plant was
unable to prepare the food by photosynthesis. An whne kept in sunlight, the
plants prepare food which results in leaf turning blue-black as there is
presence of starch.
50. Which chambers of human heart contain oxygenated blood?
-()
(A) Left atrium and (B) Left atrium and (C) Right atrium and (D) Right atrium
left ventricle. right ventricle. left ventricle. and right ventricle.
Ans. : a. Left atrium and left ventricle.

* Question consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer [10]
these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true

51. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the

corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct
answer as:
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
 b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
c. If Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
d. If Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
e. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion: Leaves are the major photosynthetic organs of a plant. Reason: They
contain chloroplasts. - ( )
Ans. :
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
Explanation:
The leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of plants, serving as key
sites where energy from light is converted into chemical energy. Similar to the
other organs of a plant, a leaf is comprised of three basic tissue systems,
including the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.
52. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles. Reason: Ventricles have to
pump blood into various organs with great pressure. - ( )
Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Ventricles are larger and thick walled chambers of the heart. These act as
distribution chambers, as they supply blood to all parts of our body with high
pressure.
53. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the
corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct
answer as:
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
c. If Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
d. If Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
 e. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion: Tongue is a part of mouth that bears several taste buds. Reason It is
helpful in producing speech. - ( )
Ans. :
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
Explanation:
Most of the taste buds in your mouth are near the tip and around the edges
of your tongue, but some are also in your throat and a few are located in
the roof of your mouth. When food enters your mouth, the nerve receptors
send a signal to the brain to order the production of saliva.
54. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the
corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct
answer as:
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
c. If Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
d. If assertion is false, but Reason is true.
e. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion: During inhalation, diaphragm flattens and increases chest cavity.
Reason: Due to this, air enters the lungs. - ( )
Ans. :
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
Explanation:
When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and
moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, into which
your lungs expand. The intercostal muscles between your ribs also help
enlarge the chest cavity.
55. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
 Assertion: The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes muscle cramps.
Reason: During vigorous physical exercise leg muscles respire anaerobically. - ( )
Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
When anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles, the glucose is
converted into lactic acid with release of small amount of energy. The sudden
build up of lactic acid in our muscles during vigorous physical activity can
cause muscular cramps.
56. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Phloem helps in translocation of food from the leaves. Reason:
Phloem provides mechanical support to plant. - ( )
Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
57. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Ureters are the tubes which carry urine from kidneys to the bladder.
Reason: Urine is stored in the urethra. - ( )
Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The bladder is a bag which stores urine till the time we go to toilet. The urine
collected in the bladder is passed out from the body through the urethra.
58. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
 b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: The Bowman's capsule and the tubule together make a nephron.
Reason: The function of tubule is to allow the selective reabsorption of
substances like glucose, amino acids, urea, salts and water into the blood
capillaries. - ( )
Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The function of tubule of nephron is to allow the selective reabsorption of the
useful substances like glucose, amino acids, salts and water into the blood
capillaries. The waste materials like urea remains behind in the tubule. It does
not get reabsorbed into blood capillaries.
59. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels. Reason: Capillaries connect
the branches of arteries and veins. - ( )
Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels and connect the branches of
arteries and veins. Capillaries allow the exchange of materials like nutrients,
respiratory gases, hormones, etc. between the blood and body cells through
tissue fluid.
60. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
 Assertion: Trachea does not collapse, when there is no air in it. Reason: Trachea
is supported by cartilage. - ( )
Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Trachea is a tube which is conunonly known as windpipe. The air coming from
the nostrils during breathing passes through trachea. Trachea is supported
by rings of soft bones called cartilage. Due to this, trachea does not collapse
even when there is no air in it.

* Fill in the blank with correct answer.[1 Mark each] [10]

61. Yeast undergoes _________ respiration whereas Amoeba undergoes _________

respiration.
-()
Ans. : Yeast undergoes Anaerobic respiration whereas Amoeba undergoes
aerobic respiration.
62. All green plants are __________.
-()
Ans. : All green plants are Autotrophs.
63. The actual exchange of gases takes place in the _________ of the lungs.
-()
Ans. : The actual exchange of gases takes place in the Alveoli of the lungs.
64. Heterotrophs depend on _________ and other ________ for food,
-()
Ans. : Heterotrophs depend on Autotrophs and other heterotrophs for food.
65. Carbon dioxide and water are necessary for ___________ while oxygen and water
are necessary for ___________.
-()
Ans. : Carbon dioxide and water are necessary for Plants while oxygen and water
are necessary for Plants.
Explanation:
Plants also require water to make their food. The energy from light causes a
chemical reaction that breaks down the molecules of carbon dioxide and water
and reorganizes them to make the sugar (glucose) and oxygen gas.
66. The largest gland of the body is ___________.
-()
Ans. : The largest gland of the body is Liver.
Explanation:
 Liver is the largest gland in human body. It is also the largest (internal) organ in
our body and can weigh up to 1.5kg for a human adult.
67. All non-green plants and animals are __________.
-()
Ans. : All non-green plants and animals are Heterotrophs.
68. Green plants use __________, _________ and __________ to make food.
-()
Ans. : Green plants use Carbon-dioxide and Water to make food.
69. Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with _________.
-()
Ans. : Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with Starch.
70. Gums and resins are the _________ products of plants.
-()
Ans. : Gums and resins are the Waste products of plants.

* State if the following are true or false.[1 Mark each] [10]

71. Yeast under goes aerobic respiration whereas Ameoba undergoes anaerobic
respiration. [True/ False]
-()
Ans. : True.
Explanation:
Aerobic denotes the term ‘in the presence of oxygen’ So the respiration which
occurs in the presence of oxygen is called as aerobic respiration, on the other
hand, respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen is known anaerobic
respiration.
72. Phloem carries substances upwards as well as downwards in a plant. [True/
False]
-()
Ans. : True.
Explanation:
Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the transport of sugars from source
tissues Other molecules such as proteins and mRNAs are also transported
throughout the plant via phloem.
73. State whether the following statements are true or false:
The value of systolic pressure is always lower than that of diastolic pressure. - ( )
Ans. : False.
74. State whether the following statements are true or false:
Energy can be produced in cells without oxygen. - ( )
 Ans. : True.
75. Values prevents the back flow of blood inside the large heart during contraction.
[True/ False]
-()
Ans. : True.
Explanation:
The valves in heart helps in preventing the blood from back flow.
76. The organ which extract the nitrogenous wastes from small the blood are
nephron. [True/ False]
-()
Ans. : True.
Explanation:
A nephron is the basic unit of structure in the kidney. A nephron is used separate
to water, ions and small molecules from the blood etc.
77. Lion has three-chambered heart. [True/ False]
-()
Ans. : False.
Explanation:
Lion have four-chambered heart.
78. State whether the following statements are true or false:
Fish and earthworm exchange gases during respiration in the same way. - ( )
Ans. : False.
79. State whether the following statements are true or false:
During respiration, the plants take C02 and release 02. - ( )

Ans. : False.
80. State whether the following statements are true or false:
Some organisms store wastes in body parts. - ( )
Ans. : True.

SECTION E

* case - based/data -based questions [8]

1. Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).
ln fermentation, the incomplete oxidation of glucose achieved under
anaerobic conditions by sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to
CO2 and ethanol. The enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol
dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions.
i. What is photosynthesis?
 ii. Represent Fermentation by the equation?
iii. A test tube containing molasses solution and yeast is kept in a warm
place over Night. The gas collected from that mixture will result in.

OR
iv. a) How does Ethyl alcohol fermentation occur?
b) what is pyruvic acid?
- (LATEST BLUEPRINT)
Ans. :
i. (c) Anaerobic respiration.
Explanation:
ln the test tube full of mercury (figure A) there is no air and, therefore, the
introduced soaked seeds do not get air for aerobic respiration. But they are
capable of respiration in the absence of oxygen, as is indicated by the
evolution of carbon dioxide (figure B). Therefore, anaerobic respiration takes
place in the seeds in the absence of free oxygen. The experiment also shows
that CO 2 is evolved in anaerobic respiration of seeds.
ii. (b) 6H O → 2C H OH + 2CO + 59 Kcal
2 6 2 5 2

iii. (d) Both (a) and (c).

Explanation:
The given process is an example of alcoholic fermentation, thus the gas
produced is CO 2
iv. (c) Yeast.
Explanation:
Ethyl alcohol fermentation occurs in fungi such as Rhizopus, yeast and
bacteria.
v. (a)
(i) (ii) (iii)
(a) skeletal muscles heavy exercise glucose
Explanation:
Muscle fatigue is the reduction in force of contraction of a muscle after
prolonged stimulation. ln the absence of oxygen, skeletal muscle of
human beings can contract for a short time, but it gets fatigued soon. This is
due to the fact that in the absence of oxygen, products of glycolysis mainly
lactic acid is not disposed off and accumulates in the muscles. This leads to
muscle fatigue and pain in the muscles. A muscle gets fatigued sooner after a
strenuous exercise than after a mild exercise. Faster breathing for sometime
after a strenuous exercise supplies extra oxygen, disposes off excess lactic
acid and muscle fatigue disappears.
2. Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).
The food which is prepared by the process of photosynthesis in the leaves of
a plant has to be transported to other parts like stem, roots, branches, etc.
Therefore this food is transported to other parts of the plant through
phloem.
i. A few drops of sap were collected by cutting across a plant stem by a
suitable method.'Tile sap was tested chemically. Which test results indicate
that it is phloem sap?
ii. What is the direction of movement of sugars in phloem?
iii. A girdled plant (Upto bast) may survive for some time but it will
eventually die, because?

OR
iv. a) Phloem sap is mainly made of?
b) How food is transported to phloem?
- (LATEST BLUEPRINT)
Ans. :
i. (b) Alkaline.
ii. (a) Bi-directional.
Explanation:
Food is transported by vascular tissue phloem from source to sink. Source is
a part that synthesise food and sink is a part that stores or needs the food.
Since source and sink can be reversed depending on plant's need, therefore
direction of movement of sugar in phloem can be bidirectional, i.e., both
upwards or downwards.
iii. (b) 6 → 5 → 2 → 3
iv. (c) Sugars and other organic materials will not move downwards.
v. (a) Water and sucrose.
Explanation:
Phloem sap consists primarily of water with sugars (sucrose) dissolved in it. It
flows from the source or supply end (region of manufacture or storage) to
the region of utilisation or sink.
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