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GET 102 Orthographic Projection

The document outlines the principles of orthographic projection, focusing on first and third angle projections used in engineering graphics. It explains the methods of creating multiple views of a three-dimensional object and the importance of projection symbols. Additionally, it includes practice questions and emphasizes the necessity of mastering these techniques for accurate design communication.

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10 views18 pages

GET 102 Orthographic Projection

The document outlines the principles of orthographic projection, focusing on first and third angle projections used in engineering graphics. It explains the methods of creating multiple views of a three-dimensional object and the importance of projection symbols. Additionally, it includes practice questions and emphasizes the necessity of mastering these techniques for accurate design communication.

Uploaded by

hephetech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GET 102: ENGINEERING

GRAPHICS AND SOLID


MODELLING I

First and Third Angle Orthogonal


Projection
Dr K. O. Abdulrahman
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN
Learning Objectives
The objective are for student to:
Understand orthographic projection
principles,
Differentiate between first and third angle
projection,
Interpret projection symbols, and
Apply the knowledge gained to reading and
creating technical drawings.
What is Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is a method of drawing an
object by means of plane views.
Orthographic projection can also be regarded as a way
of drawing three-dimensional object from different
directions. It is also a way of representing 3D objects in
2D.
Views are projected perpendicular to the projection
plane.
It is mostly used in technical and engineering drawings.
This type of drawing is highly useful especially when a
design has been developed to a level that is almost
ready to be produce/manufacture.
Projection Principles
Object is placed between the observer and
the projection plane.
Multiple views are created (Front, Top, Side)
Accurate representation of shape, size and
features
Orthographic Projection planes
needed in orthographic projection
The three main planes needed in orthographic
projection are:
• Vertical plane
• Horizontal plane, and
• Auxiliary vertical plane
Orthographic Projection planes
needed in orthographic projection
Orthographic Projection planes
needed in orthographic projection
Orthographic Projection Types
• First angle projection, and Projection Symbols
• Third angle projection
 T h e f ir s t a n d t h i r d a n g l e
orthographic projection only
differ in the position of the plan,
front and side elevations.

Projection View positioning


First angle projection
 Object is between the projection plane and the observer
 The front elevation is the main view. This is gotten by looking at the object in the direction of
arrow A.

 The plan is the view that is obtained by looking vertically down on the object in the direction of
arrow B and placing the view beneath the front elevation and in line with it.
 The end elevation is obtained by looking in the direction of the given arrow (C or D), and then
taking the view across the front elevation and placing it by the end opposite to that looked at.
First Angle Projection - Illustration
Third Angle Projection and Illustration

Projection plane is between the observer and the object


Comparison – First vs Third Angle
Orthographic Projection
Feature First Angle Third Angle

Top view Placement Top view – below Top view


U
sage Europe, Asia USA, Canada and Nigeria
S
ymbol

Visual
isation Rotate object Rotate plane
Orthographic Projection
Practice Questions
 Draw the solid block in 1st angle projection, showing the front elevation looking in the direction
of arrow A, the plan and the end elevations.
Orthographic Projection
Practice Questions
 Draw the solid block in 3rd angle projection, showing the front elevation looking in the direction
of arrow A, the plan and the end elevation.
Class Activity

Sketch a simple object in both first and third


angle projection
Label each view
Identify the correct symbol for each
Conclusion
Orthographic projection is essential for
accurate design communication
First and third angle projections differ in
view placement
Always check projection symbols on
drawings
Practice is key to mastering projections
Resources/References

Lecture materials
Engineering drawing textbooks
ASME and ISO drawing standards
Online drawing channels
(YouTube)/]websites


Questions/Discussion

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