Solution

CONTROL & COORDINATION IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. (d) It regulates growth and development of the body.
Explanation: Insulin has no role to play in growth and development of the body.
2. (d) Progesterone
Explanation: Progesterone hormone is released during parturition that creates uterine contraction like the situation that cause
labour pain.
3. (b) Auxin
Explanation: Auxin hormone are responsible for cell elongation and enlargement in the stems of plants. They stimulate bud
formation, root initiation, and seed protein synthesis.
4. (a) amount of water in cells
Explanation: The excess amount of water results in guard cells becoming turgid, while the lack of water results in flaccidity of
guard cells.
5. (b) Fore brain
Explanation: Forebrain contains cerebrum which in turn responsible for memory, will, and intelligence of an individual.
6. (a) (i) - (d), (ii) - (a), (iii) - (c), (iv) - (b)
Explanation:
It is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid
hormone.
Gigantism is a rare condition that causes abnormal growth in children caused by growth hormones.
Protrusion of the eyeball from the orbit, caused by disease, especially hyperthyroidism, or injury.
A disorder of salt and water metabolism marked by intense thirst and heavy urination.
7. (d) Increase the blood sugar
Explanation: Glucagon hormone is released from the pancreas that increases the sugar level in the blood to facilitate the need
for sugar in our body.
8. (c) Receptors → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle
Explanation: In a reflex arc, sensory neurons pick signals from receptors. These signals are then sent to the spinal cord from
where they go to the muscle via motor neurons.
9. (d) (i) - (c), (ii) - (b), (iii) - (d), (iv) - (a)
Explanation:
The Temporal Lobe mainly revolves around hearing and selective listening.
The parietal lobes can be divided into two functional regions. One involves sensation and perception and the other is
concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system.
The occipital lobe is important to be able to correctly understand what your eyes are seeing.
The frontal lobe is used on an everyday basis. You use it to make decisions, such as what to eat or drink for breakfast,
etc.
10. (c) spinal cord
Explanation: Reflex action mainly controlled by the spinal cord as it is rapid, involuntary action in response to a specific
stimulus.
11. (b) Insulin
Explanation: It is a condition when there is high blood sugar in the body and it caused by when insulin hormone is not
secreted by the pancreas which maintains blood sugar level in the body.
12. (c) phototropism
Explanation: Phototropism is the response of the plants towards light. Thus, sunflower moves in accordance with the path of
sun.

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13. (d) inhibit growth
Explanation: The main function of abscisic acid in plants is to inhibit growth. While Auxins increase the length of
cells, Cytokinins promote cell division, and Gibberlins promotes the growth of the stem.
14. (d) nervous and endocrine systems
Explanation: Reproductive, respiratory, and digestive systems have no role to play in control and regulation of life processes.
It is the nervous system and the endocrine system that controls and regulates all the processes including reproductive,
respiratory, and digestive systems.
15. (c) Statement A is true, B is false
Explanation:
Reflexes are involuntary movements or actions. Some movements are spontaneous, occurring as part of the baby's usual
activity.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record the electrical activity of the
brain.
Hence, statement A is true, B is false.
16. (c) C and D
Explanation: Hormones known as posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus and include oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).
17. (b) B and D
Explanation: The main function of auxin is to help plants grow. Auxin stimulates plant cells to elongate, and the apical
meristem of a plant is one of the main places that auxin is produced.
18. (c) abscisic acid
Explanation: The substance that triggers the fall of mature leaves and fruits from plants is due to Abscisic acid.
Abscisic acid forms a layer of abscission. This layer disconnects the living tissue of leaf from the other parts.
19. (c) Auxin
Explanation: Auxins are a powerful growth hormone produced naturally by plants. They are found in shoot and root tips and
promote cell division, stem, and root growth.
20. (b) A and B
Explanation: Thyroxin is one of the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland as well as Calcitonin is a hormone secreted
by the thyroid gland that reduces the concentration of blood calcium level when it has risen to an above-normal level.
21. (c) Pituitary
Explanation: The hypothalamus is known as the master switchboard of our body because it controls the endocrine system.
The pituitary gland, which hangs by a thin stalk from the hypothalamus, is called the master gland of the body because it
regulates the activity of the endocrine glands.
22. (a) Pons - Consciousness
Explanation: Pons - Consciousness
23. (b) Statement A is true, B is false
Explanation: It causes the tendril to circle around the object and thus cling to it and geotropism is the influence of gravity on
plant growth or movement.
24. (c) B and C
Explanation: Plant growth regulators are produced at the tip of the growing roots and shoots.
25. (a) A synapse
Explanation: A synapse is a junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next. It is an important part of the
nervous system involved in the transmission of nerve signals.
26. (c) Pregnant woman
Explanation: Progesterone levels also are extraordinarily high during pregnancy that causes a laxity and relaxin hormone
produced by the ovary it relaxes the mother's muscles, joints and ligaments to make room for the growing baby.
27. (c) (i) - (b), (ii) - (d), (iii) - (a), (iv) - (c)
Explanation:
The ductless gland secretes substances known as hormones directly into the bloodstream rather than through ducts.
Exocrine glands such as salivary glands discharge their products through ducts.

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 The milk-producing gland of women or other female mammals.
Insulin and glucagon are hormones that help regulate the levels of blood glucose, or sugar, in your body.
28. (b) Meninges
Explanation:
The meninges refer to the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
29. (b) Less secretion of growth hormone
Explanation: As the name suggests, growth hormone is responsible for proper growth in a person. Hence, lack of growth
hormone would result in dwarfism.
30. (d) Sensory neuron
Explanation: Sensory neuron carries electrical impulses from receptor to brain while motor neuron carries electrical impulses
from the brain to effectors.
31. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Cytokinins are the hormones, which promote cell division. Highest concentrations of cytokinins occur in fruit
and seeds, i.e., areas of rapid cell division.
32. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Abscisic is a stress hormone as its production is stimulated by drought, waterlogging and other adverse
(stressful) conditions.
33. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
34. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Abscisic acid is responsible for wilting of leaves because it is a growth inhibitor.
35. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Gibberellin induces internodal growth and overcomes the phenotypic expression of dwarfism in certain plants. It
has little or no effect when they are applied to the normal plant.
36. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The pancreas secretes insulin which helps to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. If the sugar level in the
blood rises, they are detected by the cells of the pancreas which respond by producing more insulin. As the blood sugar level
falls, insulin secretion is reduced.
37. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
38. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
39. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
40. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
41. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Nerve impulses are always transmitted across a synapse from the axon terminals of one neuron to the
dendrite/cell body of the next neuron but never in the reverse direction. Since the neurotransmitter is present only in the axon
terminals and not in the dendrite or cell body, it cannot be released from the dendrite or cell body even if the impulse reaches
there.
42. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Plants lack the nervous system but coordinate via the hormones.
43. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
44. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
45. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

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 Section B
46. This movement of plant part in response to gravity is called geotropic movement and the phenomenon involved is called
geotropism. Here, Figure (A) is more accurate to show geotropism. The roots of a plant always grow downward in response to the
gravity (called negative geotropism) to make sure they find soil and water. On the other hand, the stem always grows up, i.e.,
away from gravity pull (called positive geotropism) to make sure it will get light. Both these conditions are shown in figure A.

47. Tropic movements Nastic movements

1. It is clearly observed in bilaterally symmetrical organs

1. It can be easily observed in stems and roots.
such as leaves and petals of flowers.

2. It is due to unilateral stimulus which causes 2. The movements occur due to stimulus of light and
unequal growth on the two sides of a stem, root and tendril. temperature.

3. Movement is related to stimulus, i.e., plant organs either move

towards 3. Opening and closing of flowers of evening
source of stimulus or away from it. primrose and tobacco at the night and day respectively.
Stimuli which causes movements in plants are gravity, light, This is due to unequal growth.
touch, water and chemical substances.

4. Example: Bending of root towards gravity and shoot towards 4. Example: Leaves of ‘touch-me-not’ plant bend and droop
light. on touching.

48. i. Testosterone Hormone is responsible for development of mustaches and beard in males.
ii. Progesterone Hormone is responsible for controlling the changes of uterus in menstrual cycle.
iii. Glucagon Hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose level.
iv. Vasopressin Hormone is responsible for maintaining water and electrolyte balance.
49. The parts are identified as
a. P-Cerebral hemisphere.
b. Q-Cerebellum: It is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and the balance of the body.
c. R-Medulla: All involuntary actions are controlled by the medulla in the hind brain.
d. S-Pituitary gland: Pituitary glands is present at the base of the brain. It is also known as the master gland, as It controls the
other endocrine glands.
50. Adrenaline hormone is secreted by our body in case of emergency or fight and flight situations.
This prepares the body for an immediate response like running of child to his mother when suddenly scared.
The response occurs in following manner.
1. Adrenaline is carried to target organs/heart.
2. Heart beats faster, supply of more oxygen to muscles.
3. blood supply to digestive system and skin reduced.
4. Breathing rate increases.
5. Blood supply diverted to skeletal muscles.
6. Animal body becomes ready to deal with the situation.
Mechanism in the given situation as follows:
Adrenaline is released → heartbeat increases → eye pupil dilates → running.
51. Endocrine glands secrete hormones in human body. Endocrine glands are ductless gland that release their secretion directly into
blood without any duct..Endocrine glands is located in different parts of body. Inside the neck region, thyroid gland is present that
release thyroxine hormone.
52. Sensory neurons get activated first as they carry impulses to spinal cord and the spinal cord interprets the impulses to generate
motor impulse which is carried by motor neurons to effector organ for response. So motor neurons gets activated next.
53. General properties of hormone
Hormones are secreted by endocrine cells.
Hormones are chemical messengers.
They are chemical signals that circulate in the body fluids.
The hormones regulate the behavior of the target cells.
Hormones, unlike enzymes do not catalyze any reaction.
They are secreted only when needed, they are not stored prior to requirement.

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 Hormones may be proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous in nature (amino-acids or steroids).
The secretion of hormones is regulated by the nervous system through the feed back effect.
Hormones usually cause long term effects like change in behavior, growth, etc.
The hormones function is to stimulate or inhibit the target organs.
54. When the amount of thyroxine is increased, it results in exophthalmic goitre. In this, the thyroid gland gets enlarged considerably
and produces a big swelling in the neck region and causes bulging of eyes. Excessive heat, reduced body weight, high blood
pressure are the other symptoms.
55. i. a. Abscisic acid
inhibits growth
promotes dormancy in seeds and buds.
Promotes closing of stomata.
b. Cytokinin
promotes cell division
delays aging in leaves
promotes fruit growth.
ii. Chemotropism - It is the directional movement or orientation of the plant part in response to chemical stimulus.
56. Insulin hormone is secreted by pancreas, regulates the levels of sugar in the blood. In diabetic patients it is not secreted in required
amount therefore blood sugar level rises and causes various harmful effects. So, to prevent these effects some patients of diabetes
are treated by giving injections of insulin to lower the sugar level in blood.
57. Brain and spinal cord are the parts of central nervous system (CNS). Brain is located inside a bony box, named as cranium and a
fluid is present in this balloon, known as cerebrospinal fluid which is a shock absorber. Spinal cord is located within the vertebral
column and backbone protects it from any injury.
58. a. Oestrogen
b. Growth hormone
c. Insulin
d. Thyroxin
59. Hormonal responses are slower than the reflex actions because hormones, which initiate and control the responses, are chemicals
transported by blood. On the other hand, in reflex actions, the impulses are electrical in nature and are transmitted by specialised
cells called neurons that makeup nervous tissue. It does not need the involvement of the brain. It means, when the nerve signal
travels to the spinal cord, it triggers an automatic response before the brain realizes it. The spinal cord then reacts by sending a
signal causing the person to react.
60. The movement in stem and root towards light and gravtity of earth is due to grwoth.Auxins (plant hormones) produced by the
shoot apex and root tip. In stem, growth is more on the shaded side (lower side of apex) due to accumulation of auxins. In root,
growth is more on the illuminated side. Auxins accumulate on the lower side (shaded side) of root tip inhibits the growth of that
side. Thus, there is greater growth on the upper side (illuminated side), resulting in the growth of root apex towards gravity of
earth.
61. Difference between nervous control and hormonal control:
Nervous control Hormonal control

(i) Consists of nerve impulses conducted by (i) It consists of endocrine system which secretes
neurons from one organ to another organ. chemical messenger's hormones secreted directly in blood.

(ii) Nervous impulses produce rapid short lasting responses. (ii) Hormones produce longer lasting responses.

(iii) Nervous impulses are not specific in their action. (iii) Action of hormones is highly specific.
62. The main roots of plants show positive geotropism due to differential growth caused by unequal distribution of auxins.
63. a) Fore brain - Olfactory bulb, Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus.
b) Mid-brain - Optic lobes and Crura cerebri.
c) Hind brain - Cerebellum and Medulla oblongata.
64. Practical uses of application of gibberellins.
1) To break seed dormancy.
2) To induce parthenocarpy. Commercial application such as spraying of Thompson seedless grapes results in larger fruits with
longer stalks.

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 3) To increase yields of melons and useful cucurbits.
4) It causes elongation of sugarcane and also increases sugarcane contents.
65. In human beings, the control and coordination is brought about by both nervous system and endocrine system. The nervous
system works by the generation and transmission of electrical impulse while the endocrine system works by secreting chemical
messengers called hormones. These systems complement the action of each other to control and coordinate different functions of
our body. The endocrine and neural system works in tandem for the normal functioning of our body.
E.g. The presence of food in our stomach, distends the gastric wall. This results in secretion of gastric hormone which stimulates
gastric juice secretion in the stomach. Likewise, an increase in the concentration of adrenaline stimulates the respiratory centre of
the brain. This, in turn increases the breathing rate of an individual.
66. Medulla oblangata controls all the involuntary functions like respiration, breathing, digestion. When it gets injured all the
functions come to a stop. It means that the heart stops pumping blood, lungs stop exchange of gases etc. and all of this results in
death.
67. Thyroid activity can be assess with the help of certain tests.
1. Blood tests:- This is usually done to measure the levels of TSH, T4, T3 and free T4 in body.
2. Imaging tests:- Several imaging tests are done like MRI, CT scan, and radioactive iodine uptake test.
3. General tests:- The thyroid neck check, checking body weight, B.P., heart beat and basal body temperature.
68. 1) Breaking of dormancy (seed germination)
2) Flowering
69. A cell, a tissue, or an organ which secretes certain useful chemical compounds required for particular function is called a gland.
Types:
Animals have two types of glands : exocrine and endocrine.
70. Unlike animals, where there is a nervous system for conduction of nerve impulses and circulatory system for conduction of
hormones, there are no specialised tissues in plants. So, the electrical-chemical signals are not an effective means of
communication in plants.
71. 1) Follicular stimulating Hormone (FSH) - It stimulates the production of sperms in the testis.
2) Interstitial stimulating hormone (ICSH) - It stimulates the interstitial cells of the testis and produce a male sex hormone
known as 'testosterone'.
The FSH and ICSH are secreted by pituitary gland.
Section C
72. Differences between endocrine glands and Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands Exocrine glands
1) Endocrine glands have no ducts, (ductless glands) 1) They have ducts. (Digestive glands)
2) They secrete chemical substances called hormones. 2) They secrete proteinaceous substances called enzymes.
3) These glands bring about the chemical co-ordination of the 3) These glands by their secretion hasten the biochemical
body. reactions of the body.
4) Endocrine glands are complex. 4) Exocrine glands are simple.
5) The important endocrine gland are pituitary, thyroid, 5) The important exocrine gland are salivary glands, liver,
parathyroid, adrenals, sex-glands etc. pancreas, sweat glands etc.
73. As a result of castration in male, the secondary sexual characters do not appear and sex instinct is suppressed. This shows that the
testosterone hormone produced by the testes are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters in males and also
for the sexual behaviour in male cat.
74. A number of interactions between the environment and the animal are a result of combined action of both neurons and endocrine
system for which specialized tissues are used to provide control and co – ordinations activities. Nervous system that includes
brain, spinal cord along with other peripheral nervous transfer the information for procesisng. The endocrine system releases
hormones in response to stimulus to control and co-ordinate the functions.
75. When a bBright lLight is focussed on eye, receptor cell receives the message and passes on to sensory neuron, then it goes to
brain, who reverts the message by motor neuron causing the pupil contraction.
Bright Light enters the eye → Retina receives the stimuli → signals send to the brain via optic nerve → brain reverts the message
via motor nerve → Pupil contracts

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