2) 5

Potential difference (Δ V) between two points A and B separated by a

Ravi MATHS TUITION WHATSAPP - 8056206308 distance x, in a uniform electric field E is given by ΔV = −Ex ,where x is
12TH CBSE PHYSICS CHAPTER TEST Electrostatic Potential And measured parallel to the field lines. If a charge qo moves from P to Q, the
Capacitance 3 changein potential energy (ΔU ) is given as ΔU = q ΔV . A proton is 0

12th Standard CBSE released from rest in uniform electric field of magnitude
Physics 8
4.0 × 10 Vm
−1
directed along the positive X-axis. The proton undergoes a
Exam Time : 01:30:00 Hrs displacement of 0.25 m in the direction of E.
Total Marks : 50 Mass of a proton = 1.66 x 10-27 kg and charge of proton = 1.6 x10-19 C
1) 5
Electrostatic potential energy of a system of point charges is defined as
the total amount of work done in bringing the different charges to their
respective positions from infinitely charge mutual separations. The work is
stored in the system of two point charges in the form of electrostatic
potential energy U of the system. Electric potential difference between any (i) The change in electric potential of the proton between the points A and
points A and B in an electric field is the amount of work done in moving a B is
unit positive test charge from A to B along any path agents the (a) − 1 × 10
8
V
8
(b) 1 × 10 V
electrostatic force −19
(c) 6.4 × 10 V (d) − 6.4 × 10
−19
V
WAB
⃗
VB − VA =
q
0
= ∫ ∣ E ⋅ dl
(ii) The change in electric potential energy of the proton for displacement
from A to B is
11 23
(a) 1.6 × 10 J (b) 0.5 × 10 J
−11 22
(c) − 1.6 × 10 J (d) 3.2 × 10 J

(iii) The mutual electrostatic potential energy between two protons which
(i) A test charge is moved from lower potential point to a higher potential are at a distance of 9 x 10-15 m, in U nucleus is 92
235

point. The potential energy of test charge will

−14 −14
(a) 1.56 × 10 J (b) 5.5 × 10 J

(a) remain the same (b) increase (c) 2.56 × 10

−14
J (d) 4.56 × 10
−14
J
(c) decrease (d) become zero (iv) If a system consists of two charges 4 mC and -3mC with no external
(ii) Which of the following statement is not true? field placed at (-5 em, 0, 0) and (5 em, 0, 0) respectively. The amount of
(a) Electrostatic force is a conservative force. work required to separate the two charges infinitely away from each other
(b) Potential energy of charge q at a point is the work done per unit charge in is
bringing a charge from any point to infinity (a) -1.1 J (b) 2 J
(c) Spring force and gravitational force are conservative force. (c) 2.5 J (d) 3 J
(d) Both (a) and (c). (v) As the proton moves from P to Q, then
(iii) Work done in moving a charge from one point to another inside a (a) the potential energy of proton (b) the potential energy of proton
uniformly charged conducting sphere is decreases increases
(a) always (b) non- (c) maybe (d) none of (d) total energy of the proton
zero zero zero these (c) the proton loses kinetic energy
increases
(iv) The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinite distance
to a point at distance x from a positive charge Q is W. Then the potential
ϕ at that point is

(a)
WQ

x
(b) W (c)
W
(d) WQ
x

(v) If 1μC charge is shifted from A to B and it is found that work done by
an external force is 40μJ. In doing so against electrostatics force, the
potential difference VA- VB is
(a) 40 V (b) -40 V (c) 20 V (d) -60 V
3) 5 4) 5
The potential at any observation point P of a static electric field is defined For the various charge systems, we represent equipotential surfaces by
as the work done by the external agent (or negative of work done by curves and line of force by full line curves. Between any two adjacent
electrostatic field) in slowly bringing a unit positive point charge from equipotential surfaces, we assume a constant potential difference the
infinity to the observation point. Figure shows the potential variation along equipotential surfaces of a single point charge are concentric spherical
the line of charges. Two point charges Q1 and Q2 lie along a line at a shells with their centres at the point charge. As the lines of force point
distance from each other. radially outwards, so they are perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces
at all points.

(i) At which of the points 1, 2 and 3 is the electric field is zero?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) Both (a) and (b) (i) Identify the wrong statement.
(ii) The signs of charges Q1 and Q2 respectively are (a) Equipotential surface due to a single point charge is spherical.
(a) positive and (b) negative and (b) Equipotential surface can be constructed for dipoles too.
negative positive (c) The electric field is normal to the equipotential surface
(c) positive and (d) negative and through the point.
positive negative (d) The work done to move a test charge on the equipotential
surface is positive
(iii) Which of the two charges Q1 and Q2 is greater in magnitude? (ii) Nature of equipotential surface for a point charge is
(a) Q2 (b) Q1 (c) Same (d) Can't determined (b) Sphere with charge at the centre
(a) Ellipsoid with charge at foci
(iv) Which of the following statement is not true? of the sphere
(a) Electrostatic force is a conservative force (c) Sphere with charge on the surface
(d) Plane with charge on the surface
(b) Potential energy of charge q at a point is the work done per unit charge in of the sphere
bringing a charge from any point to infinity (iii) A spherical equipotential surface is not possible
(c) When two like charges lie infinite distance apart, their potential energy is zero. (a) inside a uniformly charged
(b) for a dipole
(d) Both (a) and (c). sphere
(v) Positive and negative point charges of equal magnitude are kept at (c) inside a spherical (d) for a point
a
(0, 0,
2
) and (0, 0,
−a

2
) respectively. condenser charge
The work done by the electric field when another positive point charge is (iv) The work done in carrying a charge q once round a circle of radius a
moved from (-a, 0, 0) to (0, a, 0) is with a charge Q at its centre is
q
(a) positive
qQ qQ
(a) (b)
2
(c)
4πε0 a
(d) zero
(b) negative
4πε0 a 4πε0 a

(v) The work done to move a unit charge along an equipotential surface
(c) zero
from P to Q
(d) depends on the path connecting the initial
(a) must be defined as
and final positions Q (b) is zero
⃗ ⃗
−∫ E ⋅ dl
P

(c) can have a non-zero (d) both (a) and (b) are
value correct
5) 5 6) 5
This energy possessed by a system of charges by virtue of their positions. The electrical capacitance of a conductor is the measure of its ability to
When two like charges lie infinite distance apart, their potential energy is hold electric charge. An isolated spherical conductor of radius R. The
zero because no work has to be done in moving one charge at infinite charge Q is uniformly distributed over its entire surface. It can be
distance from the other. assumed to be concentrated at the centre of the sphere. The potential
In carrying a charge q from point A to point B, work done atany point on the surface of the spherical conductor will be V = . 1 Q

4πε0 R
W = q (V − V ) . This work may appear as change in KE/PE of the charge.
A B

The potential energy of two charges q1and q2 at a distance r in air is

q q
1

4πε0 r
.It is measured in joule. It may be positive, negative or zero depending
2

on the signs of ql and q2.

(i) Calculate work done in separating two electrons form a distance of 1 m Capacitance of the spherical conductor situated in vacuum is
to 2 m in air, where e is electric charge and k is electrostatic force C =
Q
=
Q
or C = 4πε R Clearly, the capacitance of a spherical
0

constant.
V 1 Q
⋅
4πε R

(a) ke2 (b) e2/2 (c) -ke2/2 (d) zero

0

conductor is proportional to its radius.

(ii) Four equal charges q each are placed at four corners of a square of side The radius of the spherical conductor of 1F capacitance is R= 1
. C and
4πε0
a each. Work done in carrying a charge -q from its centre to infinity is
2 2 this radius is about 1500 times the radius of the earth (∼ 6 × 10 km). 3

(a) zero
√2 q √2 q q
(b) (c) (d)
πε0 a πε0 a πε0 a (i) If an isolated sphere has a capacitance 50pF. Then radius is
(iii) Two points A and B are located in diametrically opposite directions of a (a) 90 ern (b) 45 cm (c) 45 m (d) 90 m
point charge of +2 μC at distances 2 m and 1 m respectively from it. The (ii) How much charge should be placed on a capacitance of 25 pF to raise
potential difference between A and B is its potential to l05 V?
(a) 3 x 103 (b) 6 x 104 (c) -9 X 103 (d) -3 x 103 (a) 1μC (b) 1.5μC (c) 2μC (d) 2.5μC
V V V V (iii) Dimensions of capacitance is
(iv) Two point charges A = +3 nC and B = +1 nC are placed 5 ern apart in (a) [M L
−2
T
4 2
A ] (b) [M
−1
L
−1
T
3 1
A ] (c) [M
− −2
L T
4 2
A ] (d) [M
0
L
−2
T
4 1
A ]
air. The work done to move charge B towards A by 1 cm is (iv) Metallic sphere of radius R is charged to potential V. Then charge q is
(a) 2.0 x (b) 1.35 x (c) 2.7 X (d) 12.1 x
proportional to
10-7 J 10-7 J 10-7 J 10-7 J
(a) V (b) R (c) both V and R (d) none of these.
(v) A charge Q is placed at the origin. The electric potential due to this
(v) If 64 identical spheres of charge q and capacitance C each are
charge at a given point in space is V.The work done by an external force in
combined to form a large sphere. The charge and capacitance of the large
bringing another charge q from infinity up to the point is
sphere is
(b) Vq (c) V + q (d) V
V
(a)
q (a) 64q, C (b) 16q,4C (c) 64q,4C (d) 16q,64C
7) 5 8) 5
The simplest and the most widely used capacitor is the parallel plate A dielectric slab is a substance which does not allow the flow of charges
capacitor. It consists of two large plane parallel conducting plates, through it but permits them to exert electrostatic forces on one another.
separated by a small distance. When a dielectric slab is placed between the plates, the field Eo polarises
In the outer regions above the upper plate and below the lower plate, the the dielectric. This induces charge -Qp on the upper surface and + Qp on
electric fields due to the two charged plates cancel out. The net field is the lower surface of the dielectric. These induced charges set up a field Ep
zero. inside the dielectric in the opposite direction of E⃗ as shown.
0

In the inner region between the two capacitor plates, the electric fields due
to the two charged plates add up. The net field is .σ

ε0

(I) In a parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance increases from 4μF to 80

μF on introducing a dielectric medium between the plates. What is the

dielectric constant of the medium?

For a uniform electric field, potential difference between the plates = (a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 50 (d) 100
Electric field x distance between the plates. Capacitance of the parallel (ii) A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance
plate capacitor is, the charge required to supplied to either of the of 8 pF. The separation between the plates is now reduced half and the
conductors of the capacitor so as to increase the potential difference space between them is filled with a medium of dielectric constant 5.
between then by unit amount. Calculate the value of capacitance of the capacitor in second case.
(i) A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then isolated. The effect of (a) (b) (c) (d)
increasing the plate separation on charge, potential and capacitance 8pF 10pF 80pF 100pF
respectively are (iii) A dielectric introduced between the plates of a parallel plate condenser
(a) increases, decreases, (b) constant, increases, (a) decreases the electric field between (b) increases the capacity of the
decreases decreases the plates condenser
(c) constant, decreases, (d) constant, decreases, (c) increases the charge stored in the (d) increases the capacity of the
decreases increases condenser condenser
(ii) In a parallel plate capacitor, the capacity increases if (iv) A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 1 pF has separation between
(a) area of the plate (b) distance between the the plates is d. When the distance of separation becomes 2d and wax of
is decreases plates increases dielectric constant x is inserted in it the capacitance becomes 2 pF. What
(c) area of the plate (d) dielectric constant is the value of x?
is increases decreases (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
(iii) A parallel plate capacitor has two square plates with equal and (v) A parallel plate capacitor having area A and separated by distance d is
opposite charges. The surface charge densities on the plates are +σ and filled by copper plate of thickness b. The new capacity is
−σ respectively. In the region between the plates the magnitude of the
ε0 A 2ε0 A
ε0 A ε0 A
(a) (d)
b (b) (c) b

electric field is d+
2
2d d−b d+
2

σ σ
(a)
2ε0
(b)
ε0
(c) 0 (d) none of these.
(iv) If a parallel plate air capacitor consists of two circular plates of
diameter 8 cm. At what distance should the plates be held so as to have
the same capacitance as that of sphere of diameter 20 cm?
(a) 9mm (b) 4mm (c) 8mm (d) 2mm
(v) If a charge of + 2.0 x 10-8 C is placed on the positive plate and a charge
of -1.0 x 10-8 C on the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor of
capacitance 1.2 x 10-3 μF then the potential difference developed
between the plates is
(a) 6.25 V (b) 3.0 V (c) 12.5 V (d) 25 V
9) 5 10) 5
A capacitor is a device to store energy. The process of charging up a When an insulator is placed in an external field, the dipoles become
capacitor involves the transferring of electric charges from its one place to aligned. Induced surface charges on the insulator establish a polarization
another. This work done in charging the capacitor is stored as its electrical field E⃗ in its interior. The net field E⃗ in the insulator is the vector sum of
i

potential energy. ⃗
E0 and ⃗
Ei as shown in the figure.

On the application of external electric field, the effect of aligning the

electric dipoles in the insulator is called polarisation and the field E⃗ is
i

If q is the charge and V is the potential difference across a capacitor at any known as the polarisation field.
instant during its charging, then small work done in storing an additional The dipole moment per unit volume of the dielectric is known as
small charge dq against the repulsion of charge q already stored on it is polarisation (P )⃗ .
dW = V . dq = (q/C )dq
For linear isotropic dielectrics, P ⃗ = χE⃗ where X= electrical susceptibility of
(i) A system of 2 capacitors of capacitance 2μF and 4μF is connected in the dielectric medium.
series across a potential difference of 6 V. The energy stored in the system (i) Which among the following is an example of polar molecule?
is (a) O2 (b) H2 (c) N2 (d) HCl
(a) 3μJ (b) 24μJ (c) 30μJ (d) 108μJ
(ii) When air is replaced by a dielectric medium of constant K, the
(ii) A capacitor of capacitance of 10μF is charged to 10 V. The energy maximum force of attraction between two charges separated by a distance
stored in it is (a) increases K (b) remains (c) decreases (d) increases 2K
(a) 100μJ (b) 500μJ (c) 1000μJ (d) 1μJ times unchanged Ktimes times
(iii) A parallel plate air capacitor has capacity C farad, potential V volt and (iii) Which of the following is a dielectric?
energy E joule. When the gap between the plates is completely filled with (a) (b) (c) Antimony (d) None of
dielectric Copper Glass (Sb) these
(a) both V and E (b) both V and E (iv) For a polar molecule, which of the following statements is true?
increase decrease (a) The centre of gravity of electrons and
(c) V decreases, E (d) V increases, E protons coincide
increases decreases (b) The centre of gravity of electrons and
(iv) A capacitor with capacitance 5μF is charged to 5μC.If the plates are protons do not coincide
pulled apart to reduce the capacitance to 2μF,how much work is done? (c) The charge distribution is always
(a) 6.25 × 10
−6
J (b) 3.75 × 10
−6
J (c) 2.16 × 10
−6 −6
J (d) 2.55 × 10 J
symmetrical.
(d) The dipole moment is always zero.
(v) A metallic sphere of radius 18 cm has been given a charge of 5 x 10-6 C.
(v) When a comb rubbed with dry hair attracts pieces of paper. This is
The energy of the charged conductor is
(a) 0.2 J (b) 0.6 J (c) 1.2 J (d) 2.4 J because the
(a) comb polarizes the piece of paper
(b) comb induces a net dipole moment opposite to the
direction of field
(c) electric field due to the comb is uniform
(d) comb induces a net dipole moment perpendicular to
the direction of field

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