GAYATRI PUBLIC SCHOOL

CLASS – XII
WORKSHEET-3 (PHYSICS)

UNIT- 2
CURRENT ELECTRICITY

• ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
1. A copper wire of resistivity ρ is stretched to reduce its diameter to half of its original value. What will be its new
specific resistance?
2. How does the drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor change, if the length of the conductor is double by
stretching it, keeping the applied potential difference constant?
3. If the potential difference applied across a conductor is increased from V to 2V, how the drift velocity of electrons
change?
4. Two wires one of manganin and the other copper have equal length and equal resistance? Which one of these
wires will be thicker?
5. Two wires A & B of the same metal, have the same area of cross section and have their lengths in the ratio 2:1.
What will be the ratio of currents flowing them respectively, when the same potential difference is applied across
length of each of them?
6. There are two conductors A and B of the same material, having lengths l and 2l, and having radii r and r/2
respectively. What is the ratio of their resistance?
7. A potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length l. How is the drift velocity affected when V is
doubled and l is halved?
8. A conductor of length l is connected to a d.c source of emf ‘  ’. If the length of the conductor if tripled by stretching
it, keeping ‘  ’ constant, explain how its drift velocity be affected.
9. Sketch a graph showing variation of resistivity of carbon or (silicon) with temperature.
10. Plot a graph showing variation of current versus voltage for the material GaAs. Identity the region of:
(i) negative resistance (ii) where Ohm’s law is obeyed.
11. V-I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2 is shown in figure. Which of these two
temperatures is higher and why?

12. The voltage current graphs for two resistors of the same material and same radii with length L 1 and L2 are shown in
figure. If L1 > L2, state with reasons, which of these graphs represents voltage current change for L 1.

13. Given ‘n’ resistors each of resistance ‘R’. How will you combine them to get:
(i) max. resistance (ii) min. resistance? What is the ratio of the max. to min. resistance?
14. Explain how the electron mobility changes for a good conductor when:
(i) the temperature of the conductor is decreased at constant potential difference
(ii) applied potential difference is doubled at constant temperature.
15. Two wires X & Y have the same resistivity but their cross sectional areas are in the ratio 2:3 and lengths in the ratio
1:2. They are first connected in parallel and then in series to a dc source. Find out the ratio of drift speed of the
electrons in the two wires for the two cases.
16. Write the mathematical relation for the resistivity of a material in terms of relaxation time, number density and
mass of charge carries in it. Explain using the relation, how does the resistivity of:
(i) a conductor (ii) semiconductor, vary with temperature.
17. Is current density vector or a scalar quantity? Deduce the relation between current density and potential difference
across a current carrying conductor of length l, areas of cross-section A, and number density of free electrons n.
how does the current density, in a conductor, varies with
a) Increase in potential gradient b) increase in temperature.
 c) increase in length d) increase in area of cross-section
18. A metal rod of square cross-sectional are A having length l has current I flowing through it when a potential
difference of V volt is applied across its ends( fig I). Now the rod is cut parallel to its length into two identical pieces
and joined as shown in fig II. What potential difference must be maintained across the length 2 l so that the current
in the rod is still same?

19. Plot a graph showing the variation of current density (j) versus the electric field (E) for two conductors of different
materials. What information from this plot regarding the properties of the conducting material, can be obtained
which can be used to select suitable material for use in making,
(i) standard resistance and (ii) connecting wires in electric circuits?
• ELECTRIC CELL & D.C. CIRCUITS
1. A battery of emf E and internal resistance r sends currents I1 and I2, when connected to external resistances R1 and
I 2 R 2 − I 1R1 I 1I 2 ( R 2 − R1)
R2 respectively. Find the emf and the internal resistance of battery. Ans. r = , E=
I 1− I 2 I 1− I 2
2. n identical cells each of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ are connected in series to resistor R. Deduce an
expression for the internal resistance ‘r’ of one cell in terms of the current ‘I’ flowing through the circuit.
Ans. r = E − R
I n
3. A number of identical cells, n, each of emf , internal resistance r connected in series are charged by a d.c source of
emf ε, using a resistor R.
a. Draw the circuit arrangement.
b. Deduce the expression for: (a) the charging current and (b) the potential difference across the combination of
the cells.
4. Explain, giving reasons, how the internal resistance of a cell changes in the following cases:
a. When concentration of the electrolyte is increased.
b. When area of the anode is decreased.
c. When temperature of the electrolyte is increased.
5. Distinguish between emf (ε) and terminal voltage (V) of a cell having internal resistance ‘r’. Draw a plot showing
the variation of terminal voltage (V) vs, the current (I) drawn from the cell. Using this plot, how does one
determine the emf and the internal resistance of the cell?
6. A cell of emf 1.1V and internal resistance 0.5Ω is connected to a wire of resistance 0.5Ω. Another cell of the same
emf is connected in series but the current in the wire remains the same. Find the internal resistance of the second
cell. Ans. r =1 Ω
7. 36 cells each of internal resistances 0.5Ω and emf 1.5V each are used to send current flowing through an external
circuit of 2Ω resistance. Find the best mode of grouping them and the circuit through the external circuit.
Ans. 3 rows, 12 cell each, 4.5A
8. In fig. ε1 and ε2 are respectively 2.0 V and 4.0 V and the resistance r1 , r2 and R are respectively 1.0  , 2.0  and
5.0  . Calculate the current in the circuit. Also calculate (i) potential difference between the points b and a, (ii)
potential difference between a and c. Ans. 0.25 A,
3.5 V, 2.25 V

9. 4 cells of identical emf ε, internal resistance r, connected in series to a variable resistor. The following graph
shows the variation of terminal voltage of the combination with the current output.
i) What is the emf of each cell used?
ii) Calculate the internal resistance of each cell.
 • KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS
1. A battery of 10 V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the diagonally opposite corners of a cubical
network consisting of 12 resistors each of resistance 1 Ω. Determine the equivalent resistance of the network and
the current along each edge of the cube.
2. Determine the current in each branch of the network shown in figure.

3. In the electric network shown in figure, use Kirchhoff’s rules to calculate the power consumed by the resistance R=
4 Ω. Ans. 9 W

4. In the circuit shown if figure , EFGH are cells of emf 2 V, 1 V, 3 V and 1 V, and their internal resistance are 2 Ω, 1 Ω,
3 Ω and 1 Ω respectively. Calculate (i) the potential difference between B and D and (ii) the potential difference
2
across the terminals of each of the cells G and H. Ans. V , 1.615 V, 1.46 V
3

5. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, determine the value of unknown resistance R in the circuit shown in figure, so that no current
flows through 4 Ω resistance. Also find the potential difference between A and D. Ans. 3 V
 WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
6. Find out the magnitude of resistance X in the circuit shown in figure, where no current flows through the 5 Ω resistor.
Ans. 6 Ω

7. The galvanometer, in each of the two given circuits, does not show any deflection. Find the ratio of the resistors R 1
and R2 used in these two circuits. Ans. 3:2

8. Find the value of the unknown resistance X, in the following circuit, if no current flows through the section AO. Also
calculate the current drawn by the circuit from the battery of emf 6 V and negligible internal resistance.
Ans. 6 Ω, 1 A

9. The Wheatstone’s Bridge of figure is showing no deflection in the galvanometer joined between the points B and D.
Calculate the value of R. Ans. 25 Ω

10. (i) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the given electrical network between points A and B.
(ii) Also calculate the current through CD and ACB, if a 10 V d.c source is connected between A and B and the value
of R is assumed as 2 Ω. Ans. RAB=R Ω, I CD = 0 I ACB = 25 A