Verbs (Classification at a Glance)

Finite Nonfinite

Principal Auxiliary

Be verb = be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being

Transitive Intransitive
Have verb= have, has, had, having

Do verb = do, did, does

Modal verb = Shall, Will, Can, May, Should, Would,

Could, Might etc.

Infinitive Gerund Participle

to +Verb D※Ïk¨, cÖwZ ev †Z Verb + ing = Noun n※j| Verb hw` Adjective Gi gZ
†evSv※j| KvR K※i|

Present= verb + ing

Past= V3

Perfect = having + V3

Grammar Gi Pros and Cons Rvb※Z n※j Verb Gi wek` Classification eySvUv Ri“wi| G Rb¨B Avgiv GB Lecture
Sheet-G Classification of Verb Include K※iwQ| †Zvgv※`i KvR nj Subject Verb Agreement-Gi cvkvcvwk Verb-
Gi Classification ey※S ey※S AvqË Kiv, G※Z Confidence Level evo※e ˆe Kg※e bv !!!
cÖ_gZ mvgwMÖK Verb ¸‡jv‡K `yB †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. Finite Verb.
2. Nonfinite Verb
1. Finite Verb: †h mKj Verb sentence-Gi expression ev fve Complete K※i| †hgb-
I saw a broken glass lying on the floor. Tasnova likes to study in a group at TSC.
2. Non-finite Verb: †h mKj Verb Sentence-Gi expression ev fve Complete K※i bv (A_©vr evsjvq Ki※Z, †h※Z,
Kwiqv, wM※q)| †hgb-
They decided to leave Bangladesh.
Taufique likes to write a poem when he is in leisure.
Running in the sun is injurious to health.
A blooming flower always touches our hearts in love.
Having killed Osama, they buried him in the sea.
fve cÖKv‡ki cÖvavb¨ Abyhvqx verb `yB cÖKvi| h_v-
i. Principal Verb/Lexical Verb : †h mKj Verb Sentence Gi g–j wµqv※K wb※`©k K※i|
g※b ivL※e Sentence wU※Z GKwU gvÎ Finite Verb _vK※j Zv-B Principal Verb|
†hgb- Money is everything. (GKwU gvÎ Finite Verb)
She has not decided yet. (g•j wµqv)
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 ii. Auxiliary Verb/Helping Verb: Sentence G Principal Verb-※K cÖ※qvRb Abyhvqx A_© cÖKv※ki Rb¨ cwieZ©b Ki※Z
†h mKj Verb mnvqZv K※i|
†hgb-Profits have stagnated.
They have turned turtle.
Principal verb Avevi `yB iKg:
a. Transitive Verb (mKg©K wµqv).
b. Intransitive Verb(AKg©K wµqv).
Transitive Verb: A_© Complete/¯•ó Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj Verb ※K Object MÖnY Ki※Z nq|
†hgb- 1. The council has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.
2. They took shelter under a tree.
3. Every mother loves her child.
Intransitive Verb: A_© complete/¯•ó Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj Verb ※K Object MÖnY Ki※Z nq bv A_©vr Object QvovB
meaning complete Ges ¯•ó| †hgb- 1. Birds fly.
2. The girl laughs.
3. The rain stops.
wKQy we‡kl ai‡bi Verb:
Action Verb: †h me Verb Øviv MwZkxj †Kvb KvR †hgb- work, ran, walk, catch BZ¨vw` †evSvq Zv※`i※K Action
/Dynamic Verb e※j|
Stative Verb: †h me Verb ïay Ae¯‟v, w¯‟i Ae¯‟v BZ¨vw` †evSvq †hgb, seem, prefer, love, feel BZ¨vw` Verb †K
Stative Verb e※j|
Causative Verb: ※Kvb KvR Subject wb※R bv K※i Ab¨※K w`※q Kiv※j A_v©r evsjvq hv cÖ※hvRK wµqv|
†hgb- Shilla showed me her new photo.
Copulative Verb: Subject Ges Object GK I Awfbœ n※j G※`i †K ms※hvMKvix Verb e※j| †hgb- Hafsa went mad.
Factitive Verb: GKwU complete sense cÖKv※ki Rb¨ †h mKj Verb Gi GKvwaK Object Gi cÖ※qvRb nq|
†hgb- We selected him Chairman.
Cognate Verb: Verb n※Z Object Drcbœ n※j| †hgb- Last night, Irina slept a sound sleep.

Classroom Practice:
Identify the verb category:
1. I have already done my homework.
A. Regular B. Principal C. Nonfinite D. Inchoative
2. That book you recommended sounds interesting.
A. Irregular B. Principal C. Nonfinite D. Linking
3. I prefer cream rather than milk.
A. Auxiliary B. Finite C. Non-finite D. Linking
4. Jerry studies for three hours every day.
A. Factitive B. Principal C. Non-finite D. Linking
5. I don't want to fight about who gets the car.
A. Auxiliary B. Finite C. Cognate D. Non-finite
6. The grocery clerk will carry your bags out for you.
A. Auxiliary B. Principal C. Non-finite D. Linking
7. The mail arrived after I left.
A. Causative B. Transitive C. Non-finite D. Intransitive
8. She seemed like an interesting person.
A. Auxiliary B. Finite C. Non-finite D. Cognate
9. We looked at all of the art in the museum.
A. Auxiliary B. Principal C. Regular D. Both B and C
10. Would you take a picture for us?
A. Transitive B. Principal C. Non-finite D. Both A and B
Correct Answers: 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.D
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 Nonfinite Verbs
Sentence-G e¨eüZ †h mKj Verb, Sentence-wUi A_© / Aš@©wbwnZ fve Complete K※i bv| A_©vr, evsjv AmgvwcKv wµqvi
gZ e¨eüZ nq, Zv※`i※K Nonfinite Verb e※j| Sentence-G e¨eüZ Verb mg‚n `yB ai※bi, h_v- Finite Ges Nonfinite| mvaviYZ to
+ Verb, Verb + ing Ges V3 Nonfinite verb wnmv※e e¨eüZ nq| mKj Nonfinite Verb (verbal)-※K Sentence-G cÖKvwkZ fve
Abyhvqx wZb †kÖYx※Z fvM Kiv hvq|
†hgb-
1. Infinitive  to + Verb
2. Gerund  Verb + ing Noun Ges Verb Gi KvR Ki※j|
3. Participle  Verb + ing ev V3 Adjective Ges Verb Gi KvR Ki※j|
G Topic- †_※K Admission Test-G g•jZ Nonfinite Verb-Gi e¨envi A_©vr †Kv_vq Infinite n※e ev Gerund ev Participle n※e G
msµvš@• Question Av※m| (Nonfinite Verb Kv※K e※j, KZ cÖKvi I wKfv※e MwVZ nq G me Av※jvPbvi myweav※_© Lecture Sheet-Gi
Aš@fz©³ Kiv n※jv|)

Infinitive - e¨envi
wb※Pi Sentence `ywU j¶¨ Ki|
Rumpa studied hard to pass the admission test. (cvm Ki‡Z , A_©v r, D‡Ïk¨ n※jv Admission Test-G cvm
Kiv)|
To see who was going outside the corridor, Shila opened the windows. (†`L ‡Z)
Gfv※e, D※Ïk¨, cÖwZ ev-†Z †evSv※Z (†hgb- Ki※Z, †h※Z, †Lj※Z) to + Verb A_©vr Infinitive n※e| †hgb-
Oishi wants to draw a picture on the bill board.
Thanha tried to join the BBQ night.
Pronoun-Gi form Abyhvqx to + Verb ev Verb + ing n※Z cv※i| †hgb- Objective form n※j to + Verb n※e A_©vr

S+V+ Pronoun (Objective Form) + [to +Verb]

He requested me to complete the work on time.
wKš„ Possessive Form n※j Verb + ing n※e (Gerund As※k Av※jvwPZ n※q※Q)
wKQy wKQy Verb-Gi ci mnRvZfv※e infinitive A_©vr to + Verb n‡e| Verb ¸※jv n※jv-
afford consent hope prepare
swear agree decide intend
pretend threaten appear demand
learn promise tend arrange
deserve manage refuse try
ask desire mean regret
volunteer attempt expect need
seem wait beg fail
offer struggle want care
forget plan strive wish
claim hesitate
†hgb- We agreed to go to the movies.
Emma could not afford to buy the ring.
Terry volunteered to work on the committee.
ZvQvov- I urge you to reconsider your decision.
They were trying to persuade him to change his mind.
We ordered him to appear in the court
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 Infinitive msµvš@ KwZcq ¸i“Z¦c–Y© Rules
Rule 1 : Infinitive subject wn‡m‡e em‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb- To swim is my favorite pastime.
Rule 2 : Infinitive †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ †evSv‡Z em‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb- I went there to meet with Dr. Russel.
Rule 3 : (to + V1) AvKv‡ii Infinitive fwel¨‡Z †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb KvR Ki‡e Zv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb- Mr. Simpson will run off the project to implement a new scheme.
Rule 4 : (to + be + Verb + ing) AvKv‡ii Infinitive fwel¨‡Z †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z _vK‡e-Zv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb- I have to be making myself involved with the matter gradually.
Rule 5 : (to + be + V3 ) AvKv‡ii Infinitive n‡”Q Passive infinitive| A_©vr Gi Øviv fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR A‡b¨i Øviv msNwUZ n‡e
GwU †evSvq|
†hgb- The building needs to be painted again.
Rule 6 : (to+have+V3) AvKv‡ii Infinitive Øviv †evSv‡bv nq †Kvb KvR AZx‡Z Kivi K_v wQj wKsev Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†hgb- The Independence War required us to have confronted the Pakistani soldiers.

Gerund - e¨envi
wb※Pi Sentence `ywU j¶¨ Ki|
Walking along the busy street is dangerous.
She dislikes discussing politics.
1. subject ev object wnmv※e (†h※nZz subject ev object nIqvi cÖavb kZ© Noun/Pronoun nIqv) verb + ing A_©vr Gerund e※m|
GgZve¯‟vq Verb + ing Noun Gi KvR K※i| †hgb-
Reading is an excellent way of acquiring knowledge.
Eshita enjoyed walking on the corridor in TSC.
2. Pronoun-Gi possessive form n‡j verb + ing n‡e A_©vr Gerund n‡e|

S+V + Possessive + Pronoun + [verb+ing] + Noun

†hgb- I like her to look at me when we sit together.  Incorrect.

I like her looking at me when we sit together.  Correct.
We did not know anything of him leaving the company. Incorrect.
We did not know anything of his leaving the company.  Correct.
3. wKQy wKQy verb-Gi ci mnRvZfv‡e Gerund A_©vr verb + ing n‡e| Verb ¸※jv n※jv
admit advise anticipate appreciate attempt
avoid
begin can't help complete consider delay
deny
discuss dislike enjoy finish forget
like
hate hesitate imagine intend keep
postpone
love mention mind miss neglect
recommend
practice prefer quit recall recollect
start
regret remember resent resist risk
understand
stop suggest threaten tolerate try
†hgb :- She enjoys to do the work.  Incorrect.
She enjoys doing the work.  Correct.
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 4. Preposition Gi verb + ing A_©vr Gerund n‡e| †hgb-
I am afraid of to go there  Incorrect.
I am afraid of going there  Correct.
You should not take any decision without to know the fact Incorrect.
You should not take any decision without knowing the fact Correct.
Prepositional phrase-Gi ci Gerund em‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
In addition to reading, I can also write very good English.
Most students are interested in knowing more about the topic of “sustainable development’’.
I have no objection to helping you to get a good grade in the exam.
A lot of my students are good at reading but they have problems in dealing with grammar exercises.
I am against saying that terrorism has social causes.
I agree with believing that terror should be eradicated.
Most brain drainers are thinking of coming back.
I am tired of repeating this. But, you should do a lot of exercises about this particular lesson.
Most students who love grammar will have difficulty in understanding this lesson.
Any way I am looking forward to receiving your comments on this lesson. It might be difficult.
How about having an excursion newt week?
Examples: Infinitive Vs Gerund:
1. I regret (inform) ---------- you that you are not appointed for the job.
2. While we were in the mountains yesterday, Rashid stopped (smoke) ----------.
3. We tried (call) ---------- the ambulance, but there was no network coverage in the mountains.
4. Despite that small problem, we continued (walk) ----------.
5. Do you remember (give) ---------- me your dictionary yesterday.
6. Our English teacher found a student (cheat) ---------- in the test last week.
7. I am looking forward to (hear) ---------- your answers.
8. I really don’t care for (do) ---------- a lot of work.
9. Oh I am sorry, I meant (give) ---------- you a photocopy of this lesson.
10. You should keep (work) ---------- despite difficulties.
11. Have you finished (do) ---------- the exercise?
12. My teacher insists on (write) ---------- many articles every week.
13. Enjoy (do) ---------- a lot of revisions and make it fun.
14. When the rain started, the players ceased/stopped (play) -----------.
15. Our school doesn’t allow (use) ---------- mobile phones during classes.
16. Try (make) ---------- a list of the verbs which are followed by a gerund.
17. I am used to (stay) ---------- late at night.
18. I am sorry for (say) ---------- that.
19. I was ready to (leave)------- the place.
20. She compelled me (help) ------------- her.
Answer keys:
1. informing 2. smoking 3. to call 4. walking 5. giving 6. cheating
7. hearing 8. doing 9. to give 10. working 11. doing 12. writing
13. doing 14. playing 15. to use 16. making 17. staying 18. saying
19. leave 20. to help

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 Participle - e¨envi
wb※Pi Sentence `ywU j¶¨ Ki|
She helped a crying street boy.
I saw a broken dish lying on the floor.
Having solved the math, Monna went away.
Gfv※e, Verb + ing, V3 ev Having + V3 Giv Sentence-G Participle wnmv※e e¨eüZ nq| †h※nZz verb wZb iKg form-G
Participle wnmv※e e¨eüZ n※Z cv※i, †m※nZz Participle wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
1. Present Participle verb + ing Participle Gi KvR Ki‡j| †hgb-
A moving stone gathers no moss.
I saw a laughing virgin.
2. Past Participle V3 Participle Gi KvR Ki‡j| †hgb-
Angered by the lack of progress in contract negotiations, the CEO rebuked everybody.
3. Perfect Participle having + V3 Participle Gi KvR Ki‡j| †hgb-
Having said what she wanted to say, Tumpa left the room.
 Present Participle-
i. Principal verb Ges Nonfinite Verb GKB mg※q msMwVZ n※”Q Ggb fve cÖKvk Ki※j Verb + ing n※e| Principal Verb wU
Present, Past ev Future ※h †Kvb Tense-G _vK※Z cv※i|
The lady standing by the door wanted to speak with you.
ii. Verb wU Øviv Noun wUi wbR¯^, DrcwËMZ ˆewkó¨ ev Active Sense cÖKvk Ki※j Present Participle n※e| †hgb-
The story is interested. Incorrect
The story is interesting. Correct
 Past Participle Ges Perfect Participle-
i. DfqB m¤•Y/© †kl n‡q wM‡q‡Q Ggb fve cÖKv‡k e‡m| †hgb-
I saw a burnt building. Past Participle
Having read the minutes of the previous meeting, the secretary sat down.  Perfect Participle
cÖkœ Rv※M †h, KLb Past Participle Ges KLb Perfect Participle n‡e????
Indefinite Tense cÖKvk †c※j Past Participle n※e|
Perfect Tense cÖKvk †c※j Perfect Participle n※e|
ii. Verb wU Øviv Noun wUi Dci Av‡ivwcZ ˆewkó¨ ev Passive Sense cÖKvk Ki‡j Past Participle n‡e| †hgb-
The orphan boy was interesting to go with us. Incorrect
The orphan boy was interested to go with us. Correct

wb‡Pi wZbwU Sentence G e¨eüZ present participle Ges past participle-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †ei Kivi †Póv Ki|
1. The boring professor put the students to sleep.
2. The boring lecture put the students to sleep.
3. The bored students went to sleep hearing the boring lecture.
Answers:
1. Active Sense A_©vr Professor-Gi wbR¯^ ˆewkó¨| Professor student †`i wei³ K‡i A_©vr, †m (professor) e¨w³ wn※m※e
weiw³Ki|
2. Active Sense A_©vr lecture-Gi wbR¯^ ˆewkó¨| lecture wU student †`i wei³ K‡i| KviY lecture wUi Quality weiw³Ki|
3. cÖ_g As※k Student iv bored n‡q‡Q (Passive Sense) Ges Lecture wU boring hv Zv※`i※K bored K‡i‡Q (Active
Sense)|

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 wb‡Pi D`vniY¸‡jv j¶¨ Ki :
1. The crying baby woke Mr. Binion. The baby was crying
2. The purring kitten snuggled close to the fireplace.  The kitten was purring.
3. The blooming flowers in the meadow created a rainbow of colors.  The flowers were blooming.
4. The sorted mail was delivered to the offices before noon.  The mail had been sorted.
5. Frozen food is often easier to prepare than fresh food.  The food had been frozen.
6. The imprisoned men were unhappy with their living conditions.  The men had been imprisoned.
7. The child saw a frightening movie.  movie wUi ˆewkó¨ Zv fxZ K※i (Active sense)
8. The frightened child began to cry. child-Gi ˆewkó¨ ※m fxZ nq (passive sense)
9. When I was walking inside the garden, I saw a blooming flower. Pjgvb/Active sense A_©vr wb※RB dzU※Z※Q.
10. She gifted me a broken dinner set in my last marriage day. fv½v †kl / passive sense A_©vr dinner set wU wb※R wb※R
fv※½wb, †Kvb e¨w³ Zv※K ※f※½※Q|
Exercise: Participles as Adjectives:
Choose the correct form of the participles used as adjectives in the following sentences.
1. The (breaking/ broken) dishes lay on the floor.
2. The (trembling/trembled) children were given a blanket for warmth.
3. Compassionate friends tried to console the (crying/cried) children.
4. The (interesting/ interested) tennis match caused a great deal of excitement.
5. When James noticed the (burning/burnt) building, he notified the fire department immediately.
6. The (exciting/excited) passengers jumped into the lifeboats when notified that the ship was sinking.
7. The (smiling/smiled) Mona Lisa is on display in the Louver in Paris.
8. The wind made such (frightening/frightened) noises that the children ran to their parents' room.
9. The (frightening/frightened) hostages only wanted to be left alone.
10. We saw the (advancing/advanced) army from across town.
11. Mrs. Harris's (approving/approved) smile let us know that our speeches were well done.
12. Our representative presented the (approving/approved) plan to the public.
13. The (blowing/blown) wind of the hurricane damaged the waterfront property.
14. We were going to see the movie at the Center Theater, but our friends told us it was a (boring/bored) movie.
15. Mary's (cleaning/cleaned) service comes every Wednesday.
16. The (cleaning/ cleaned) shoes were placed in the sun to dry.
17. We could not open the (locking/locked) door without a key.
18. As we entered the (crowding/crowded) room, I noticed my cousins.
19. Dr. Jameson told my brother to elevate his (aching/ached) foot.
20. The police towed away the (parking/parked) cars because they were blocking the entrance.
Answer keys:
1. broken 6. excited 11. approving 16. cleaned
2. trembling 7. smiling 12. approved 17. locked
3. crying 8. frightening 13. blowing 18. crowded
4. interesting 9. frightened 14. boring 19. aching
5. burning 10. advancing 15. cleaning 20. Parked
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 More on Nonfinite Verbs
1. wb‡æv³ Adjective ¸‡jvi ci Infinitive (A_©vr To + Verb) n‡e|
anxious difficult hard ready dangerous good usual
boring eager pleased strange common prepared easy
†hgb: I am anxious to hear from him.
We were ready to leave in a hurry.
It is dangerous to smoke near gasoline.
2. wb‡æv³ Phrase ¸‡jvi ci Gerund n‡e|
rely on depend on look forward to approve of succeed in call for keep on think about aid in
object to worry about be better off insist on confess to put off think of count on give up
Examples: You can count on his being there.
I keep on forgetting her name.
Sam confessed to eating all the cookies.
3. wb‡æv³ Verb wUi †¶‡Î Infinitive ev Gerund hvnvB e¨envi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, A_© wVK _v‡K|
begin dread love can't stand continue
hate prefer like start
Examples: I hate to go shopping.
I hate going shopping.

Classroom Practice on Non Finite Verb

1. A 'Gerund' does the work of- 9. I have no objection to walking. The underlined
A. a verb and a noun part is an example of---
B. a verb and an adjective A. an infinitive B. a gerund
C. a verb and an adverb C. a participle D. a morpheme
D. a verb and conjunction 10. The film is really -.
2. Working in the morning is good for health. Here A. borring B. boring C. bored D. bore
'working' is a/an- 11. You should postpone —— the manager until
A. pronoun B. adjective we hear the outcome of tomorrow's meeting.
C. gerund D. present participle A. to see B. seeing
3. The environmentalists hope ——— the forest C. to seeing D. seen
to its former condition. 12. Alexander Pushkin managed ——— great
A. to restore B. restoring C. to restoring D. restored stories despite being surrounded by spies and
4. Swimming is a good exercise. Here 'swimming' is censored by the tsar.
a/an- A. to write B. writing
A. noun B. gerund C. verb D. adverb C. to writing D. write
5. He contemplated marrying his cousin. Here ' 13. The wind made such - noises, that the
marrying' is a/an- children hid under the bed.
A. Verb B. gerund A. fearing B. frightening
C. infinitive D. present participle C. frightened D. fierce
6. Do you enjoy teaching? The underlined word is a-
14. It is always - when you misunderstand the
A. a noun B. a participle customs of other countries.
C. a gerund D. an adjective A. embarrassing B. embarrass
7. Some of the old members were persuaded —— C. embarrassed D. embarrassment
on the club constitution. 15. The movie was - as soon he became---.
A. to work B. working A. boring, boring B. bored, boring
C. to working D. worked C. bored, bored D. boring, bored
Answer keys:
8. The lynx carefully avoided —— near the trap.
1.A 2.C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6.C 7.A 8.B
A. to goes B. going 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D
C. to going D. to go
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 Previous Years' Questions of DU based on Non-finite Verbs
1. Choose the correct sentence. (DU B UNIT- 2023-24)
A. Cycling is a good exercise. B. Cycle is a good exercise.
C. To cycle is a good exercise. D. To cycle is good exercise.
Explanation: Avgiv Rvwb †Kvb ev※K¨ Verb Gi Sub wn※m※e Gerund (V + ing) Ges infinitive (To +V1) DfqB em※Z cv※i|
Z※e Gerund (V+ing) (AwaK cQ›`bxq)|  DËi n※e Option (A)
2. She likes  adventure books. (DU C UNIT- 2023-24)
A. reads B. reading C. to reading D. read
Explanation: Avgiv Rvwb, Like, love + (V+ing) / (To-v1) e※m|  DËi n※e Option (B) (reading)|
3. Choose the correct sentence. (DU: D Unit- 2018-19)
A. I am committed to pursuing a career in management. B. I am committed in pursuing a career in management.
C. I am committed for pursuing a career in management. D. I am committed against pursuing a career in management.
Explanation: ‘Verb’ Gi mwVK Form AYyhvqx ‘(Committed to + V+ing) nq| myZivs DËi n※e Option (A)
4. It was a very —— situation. (DU: C Unit- 2018-19)
A. embarrass B. embarrassing C. embarrassed D. embarrassment
Explanation: 'Situation' noun †K modify Ki※Z Participle/adj wn※m※e ÔembarrassingÕ em※e|
myZivs DËi n※e Option (B)
5. I like travelling to visit different places of the world. In this sentence the verbal noun is- (DU: B Unit- 2018-19)
A. travelling B. visit C. world D. places
Explanation: 'Verbal noun' n※”Q (V+ing)| DËi n※e travelling| Option (A)
6. He gave up —— cricket when he got married. (C Unit 2016-17)
A. of playing B. playing C. to play D. play E. played
Explanation: Up n※”Q Preposition Avi preposition Gi ci memgq (V + ing) e※m|  mwVK DËi n※e option (B)
7. The people of Quebec have been considering  themselves from the rest of Canada. (C Unit 2013-14)
A. to separate B. separating C. separated D. separate E. to be separate
Explanation: Avgiv Rvwb considerGi c‡i verb +ing nq| So, Correct Answer is Option B.
8. The government is considering –––––––– a new international airport. (C Unit 2011-2012)
A. to build B. building C. to have built D. for building E. that build
Explanation: Avgiv Rvwb considerGi c‡i verb +ing nq| So, Correct Answer is Option B.
9. Anarchists believe that political institutions are not necessary ––––– people. (C Unit 2007-2008)
A. to have governing B. that govern C. governing D. to govern E. govern
Explanation: Anarchistsiv g※b K※ib †h People※K Govern Ki‡Z Political Institution¸※jvi `iKvi †bB| ¯^vfvweKfv※eB †Z
†evSv※Z, A_©vr, Purpose wb※`©k Ki※Z To + Verb nq| So, Correct Answer is Option D (to govern).
10. Choose the correct sentence.
A. The girl laughingly entered the room. B. The girl entered laughing the room.
C. The girl laughed and entered the room. D. The girl entered the room laughing.
E. The girl laughed entering the room.
Explanation: GKUv wKQz Ki※Z Ki※Z Av※iKUv wKQz Kiv, G ai※Yi Sentence MVb Kivi †¶※Î, GKwU Verb※K ing Form K※i
Adverb wn※m※e e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: GLv※b ejv n※”Q evwjKvwU nvm‡Z nvm‡Z i“‡g cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj| AZGe, GLv※b nvm‡Z nvm‡Z n※e
{Adverb (※Kgbfv※e cÖ※ek K※iwQj? nvm※Z nvm※Z)}|
So, Correct Answer Option is D.
11. Almost every one fails –––––––– on the first try. (C Unit 2005-06)
A. in passing the driving test B. to pass his driving test C. to have passed his driver’s test
D. passing his driver’s test E. passed his driver’s test
Explanation: wKQz Ki※Z e¨_© nIqv A※_© fail to + Verb nq| cvk Ki※Z e¨_© nIqv fail to pass| So, Answer Option is B.
12. Walking in the morning is good for health. This (walking) is- (C Unit 2001-02)
A. an example of gerund B. an example of infinitive C. an example of participle
D. an example of verbal noun E. None of these.
Explanation: GB sentence-G walking kãwU Subject| myZivs, Zv (Walking) GKwU Noun (†h※nZz Subject n※Z †M※j Aek¨B
Noun/Pronoun n※Z nq)| †h mKj Noun V + ing ※hv※M MwVZ nq, Zv※`i※K Gerund e※j Ges Zv (Gerund) GKB mv※_ Noun Ges
Verb Gi KvR K※i| myZivs, Walking is an example of Gerund. So, Correct Answer Option is A.
13. A ―Gerund‖ does the work of –––. (C Unit 2000-01)
A. a verb and a noun B. a verb and an adjective C. a verb and an adverb D. a verb and a conjunction
Explanation: VerbGi mv※_ ing ※hvM K※i hLb Zv Subject Ges Object wn※m※e e¨envi Kiv nq ZLb Zv※K Gerund e※j| Gerund
GKB mv※_ Verb Ges NounGi KvR K※i| So, Correct Answer Option is A.
UCC 10
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 Previous Years' Questions of Other Universities (Ju, Jnu, Cu, Ru , BCS & Others)
1. We seem  a problem with the car. (GST-B UNIT, 2022-23)
A. had B. have C. to having D. to have
2. I found the movie completeely . (DU C Unit-2021-22)
A. engrossed B. engross C. to engross D. engrossing
3. I saw the ferry  down the river. (GST - A Unit, 2021-22)
A. floating B. float C. to float D. be floated
4. He gave up  after his brother's death in a road accident. (GST - C Unit, 2021-22)
A. traveling B. travel C. of traveling D. to travel
5. The boy is fond of playing cricket. Here the underlined word is a/an— (CU -B Unit, 2021-22)
A. participle B. verbal noun C. gerund D. irregular verb
6. We found a child crying for its mother. The underlined word is- (RU–Unit A, 2021-22)
A. a gerund B. a participle C. an infinitive D. a main verb
7. Find out the correct sentence- (RU – Unit A, 2021-22)
A. If I am rich, I would help you. B. I heard him to sing
C. Please listen me attentively. D. I will go shopping tomorrow
8. The Padma Bridge  over the Padma river is the longest bridge in Bangladesh. (DU, 7 College - A Unit, 2021-22)
A. constructed B. was constructed C. is constructed D. which constructed
9. The past form of the word ‗beat‘ is- (DU, 7 College - B Unit, 2021-22)
A. beat B. bit C. bite D. bitten
10. Reading is an excellent habit. Here, the underlined word is a --- [38th BCS]
A. Verbal noun B. Participle C. Verb D. Gerund
11. Tourists --- their reservations well in advance if they want to fly to Cox‘s Bazar. [38th BCS]
A. better to had get B. had better to get C. had better got D. had better get
12. A retired officer lives next door. Here, the underlined word is used as a/an: [38th BCS]
A. Gerund B. adverb C. preposition D. participle
13. I couldn‘t mend the computer myself, so I —— at a shop. [37th BCS]
A. had it mended B. had it mend C. did it mend D. had mended
14. He watched the boat —— down the river. [29th BCS]
A. to float B. floating C. was floating D. had floated
15. I took a map with me, as I didn‘t want to —— my way on the journey. [27th BCS]
A. loose B. lose C. lost D. loss
16. I am looking forward —— you. [26th BCS]
A. to seeing B. seeing C. to see D. to have seen
17. Do not make a noise while your father——? [26th BCS], [24th BCS]
A. is sleeping B. has slept C. asleep D. is being asleep
18. He gave up —— football when he got married. [26th BCS], [24th BCS]
A. of playing B. to play C. playing D. play
19. He advised me —— smoking. [25th BCS]
A. giving up B. to give up C. in giving up D. from giving up
20. I don‘t mind —— with the cooking but I am not going to wash the dishes. [24th BCS]
A. to help B. help C. helping D. for helping
21. The parthenon is said —— erected in the Age of Pericles. [21th BCS]
A. to have become B. to have begun C. to have been D. to have had begun
22. Almost everyone fails —— on the first try. [18th BCS]
A. in passing his driver’s test B. to his driver’s test
C. to have passed his driver’s test D. passing his driver’s test

Answer Key:
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.B
16.A 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.C 22.C

UCC 11
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 Topic from Textbook (Unit-06: Adolescence)
Lesson-01 : The Storm and Stress of Adolescence
 Basic Information from the lesson:
 There are 4 or 5 stages of growth, most of them are:
 Infancy - birth to age 2 (evj¨Kvj)
 Early childhood - 3 to 8 years (cÖ_g ˆkke)
 Later childhood - 9 to 12 years (‰kke)
 Adolescence - 13 to 18 years (eqtmwÜKvj)
 Adults - 18 or over 18 years (cÖvßeq¯‹)
 eqtmwÜKv※j Av※Mi †P※q GLb †h cwieZ©b¸※jv nq †m¸※jv n※”Q:
 comes earlier than before (Av※Mi †P※q ZvovZvwo Av※m)
 people marry late (gvbyl †`wi※Z we※q K※i)
 their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. (Zv※`i †hŠb AvPiY
Zv※`i `v`v-`vw` GgbwK Zv※`i evev-gv※qi †_※K wfbœ)|
 A※bK wK※kvi Alcohol, Cigarettes, Drugs, Sexual relationships Gme Kv※R Rwo※q c※o Ges G※Z K※i intentional
and unintentional injuries, unitended pregnancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gme †iv※M
Avµvš@ nq|
Lesson-03 : Why Does a Child Hate School? (The Schoolboy)
 by William Blake

 Basic Information from the lesson:

 William Blake: Born in 1757 and died in 1827 in London, England.
He was a Poet, painter, priest, the poem of Bible, Visionary
His works are Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience,
 Here bright summer morning symbolizes good things and happy things, hope and purity. On the other
hand, blast winter symbolizes unhappy, black and bad things (GLv※b Bright summer morning Øviv fv※jv
wRwbm I myLKi welq, Avkv I cweÎZv※K †evSv※bv n※q※Q| Aciw`※K, blast winter Øviv †evSv※bv n※q※Q AmyLKi, Lvivc I ev※R
wRwbm※K)
 G KweZvq bright summer morning Øviv innocence Ges blast winter Øviv loss of innocence eySv※bv n※q※Q|
 †Q※jwU ¯‹z※j †h me mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq:
The boy spends unhappy hours.
He does not find any interest in books and lessons.
He feels cruelty of eyes (†m †PvL iv½vwb Abyfe K※i)
He spends the day in sighing and dismay (※m `xN©kŢvm Avi nZvkvi g※a¨ mgq KvUvq)|
 The mood of the poem is pessimistic (G KweZvi fve n※”Q nZvkvRbK)|

UCC 12
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 Lesson-04 : The Story of Shilpi
 Basic Information from the lesson:
 In 2008, Shilpi was married at the age of 15 to Rashid A_©vr wkíxi Rš§ 1993 mv※j
 GLv※b Early marriage Ges Pregnancy Gi Negative Effect ejv n※q※Q|
 There are more than 10000 empowerment groups.
 2001 mvj †_※K evsjv※`※k g„Z‚¨nvi cÖvq 40 kZvsk K※g※Q wKš„ 2010 mv※j cÖwZ 10000 Rxeš@ wkï cÖm※e 194 gvZ… g„Zz¨nviUv GL※bv D”PB Av※Q|
 Early marriage is mainly in Rural area?
 Shilpi and Rashid were disagreed with cultural practice and tradition and they made their relatives understands by the
help of a trained parent peer
Remember the Preposition/ Phrase & Idioms /group verbs
01. Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults.
02. Most individuals have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic or social status.
03. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal.
04. Adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents.
05. Adolescents are not fully capable of understanding complex concepts.
06. This inability may make them particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation.
07. Adolescents depend on their families.
08. Social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent development and adjustment.
09. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage.
10. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school.
11. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse.
12. It is still common for a bride's family to pay dowry.
13. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV.
14. Neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
15. The system of education in our part of the world does not allow children much freedom.
16. He pleads with his parents to rescue him from the drudgery of school.
17. I love to rise in a summer mom, When the birds sing on every tree;
18. O it drives all joy away!
19. Marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh.
20. While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by nearly 40 percent since 2001.
21. The couple met with a female health care provider.
22. Shilpi and Rashid returned to the counsellor.
Important Spelling
adulthood, irrespective, adolescence, transitions, puberty, preparation, maturation, independence, acquisition,
tremendous, pressure, cigarettes, avoidance, unique, vulnerable, transition, community, adjustment, marriage,
exclusion, vulnerability, pregnancy, insufficiently, fertility, Foundation, creation, lemonade, dormitory, orphans ,
numerous, sanitation, determination.
UCC 13
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 TRANSLATION PART-02
wb‡P wKQy ¸i“Z¡c–Y© Translation ‡`Iqv n‡jv| ch©vqµ‡g Avgv‡`i wewfbœ cix¶vq Ges Lecture Sheet GTranslation _vK‡e|
Bengali to English
1. cybivq bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK cÖ‡qvRb| Rxevk¥ R¦vjvbx †ewk w`b ¯’vqx n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv cwi‡ek‡K `~wlZ K‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K, cybivq bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c bevqb †hvM¨| †Zj ms¯’v¸wj cybivq bvevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ cÖKí‡K `gb K‡i| Z‡e wKQz
†`k cybivq bevqb‡hvM¨ R¦vjvwb Drcv`b Ki‡Q|
Answer: Clean energy is much needed for us. Fossil fuels may not last long. They pollute the environment. On the
other hand, clean energy is completely renewable. The oil companies suppress the clean energy project. However,
some countries are producing clean energy.
2. e½eÜz mgv‡e‡k †hvM bv †`Iqvi Rb¨ `„p cÖwZÁ wQ‡jb| wZwb cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡`i PviwU `vwe Pvwc‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| cÖ_gZ, wZwb
mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb| wØZxqZ, wZwb †mbvKgx©‡`i wdwi‡q wb‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb| Z…ZxqZ, wZwb AgvbweK nZ¨vi wePvi
`vwe K‡i‡Qb| †kl ch©šÍ wZwb Zv‡`i‡K GKRb fvj †bZvi nv‡Z ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb|
Answer: Bangababdhu was determined not to join the assembly. He imposed four demands on Pakistani rulers.
Firstly, he told to withdraw Martial Law. Secondly, he told to return the army personnel. Thirdly, he demanded
justice for inhuman killings. Finally, he urged them to hand over power to a good leader.
3. Uª¨vwdK R¨v‡g AvU‡K c‡owQ| R¨vg GZB †ewk †h hvbevnb ¸‡jv GK BwÂI mvg‡b AvMv‡Z cv‡i bv| †fvi †_‡K mܨv ch©šÍ iv¯Ív
¸wj cÖvq GKB _v‡K| GgbwK c_Pvix‡`i iv¯Ív ¸wj AwZµg KivI KwVb| abx I `wi`ª DfqB GB Kó mn¨ K‡i| gvby‡li g‡Z,
Uªª¨vwdK R¨vg me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v|
Answer: I have been stuck in traffic jam. The vehicles are too jammed to move an inch. The roads remain almost
the same from dawn to dusk. Even it is hard for the pedestrians to cross the roads. Both the rich and poor undergo
this suffering. According to people, traffic jam is the most burning problem to solve.
4. Av‡gwi‡Mv wcZvgvZvi fvjevmv †_‡K ewÂZ nb| †m AveR©bv msMÖn K‡i Zvi RxweKv DcvR©b K‡i| GKevi wZwb AvBmwµ‡gi
†`vKv‡b KvR K‡iwQ‡jb| KvRwU Lye †e`bv`vqK wQj| Zvi wKQz eÜz AveR©bv msMÖn K‡i| †KD GKRb Kuv‡Pi KviLvbvq KvR K‡ib|
K‡qKRb RyZv cvwjk K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ GKRb Zvi †PvL I PvKwi nvwi‡q‡Qb|
Answer: Amerigo is deprived of parental love. He earns his bread by collecting trash. Once he worked for an ice-
cream shop. The task was very painful. Some of his friends collect rubbish. Someone works in a glass factory.
Some shoe-shines. One of them was killed. One of them lost his eyes and job.
5. Rj Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avgiv Zv Qvov evuP‡Z cvwi bv| Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPzi b`x i‡q‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni g‡Z,
fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`k Rj m¼‡Ui m¤§yLxb n‡e| eû b`x g‡i hv‡”Q| eywoM½v Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU| b`xi †M․iegq AZxZ wQj gyNjiv b`x
†`‡L AevK n‡qwQj| Z‡e welv³ eR©¨ c`v‡_©i Kvi‡Y b`xwU g‡i hv‡”Q|
Answer: Water is very important for our life. We cannot survive without it. There are too many rivers in our
country. According to UN, Bangladesh will run into water crisis in future. Many rivers are dying. The Buriganga
is one of them. The river had a glorious past. The Mughals wondered at the river. However, due to toxic waste
materials, the river is dying.
6. Kviæwkí GKwU MwZkxj welq| KviæwkíwU gvby‡li iæwP Ges cQ›`¸wj cÖwZwew¤^Z K‡i| Z‡e wbw`©ó iƒc, AvKvi, •kjx Ges bv›`wbK
cQ›`¸wj mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq bv| myZivs, GwU m¤úª`vqMZ gv‡bi GKwU w¯’wZkxj cÖZxK| HwZn¨ev`x Ges hvwš¿K
Drcv`b MÖvnK‡`i ¯^vfvweKZv, mZ¨Zv Ges `vwei †ÿ‡Î ؇›Øi g‡a¨ †d‡j| wKQz KviæKvR n«vm †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e, Kviæwk‡íi cÖwZ Zv‡`i
AvMÖn AviI evov‡bvi Rb¨ wbg©vZv‡`i mnvqZv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Answer: A craftwork reflects folk immagination. This imagination and design depend on the maker’s choice and
lifestyles. Nakshikantha is such a wonder. It is very appealing and inviting. It reflects human values and
aspirations. It is designed based on the utility function and preferences and market demands. Terracotta drool is
another example of craft.
UCC 14
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 7. ‡jvK msMx‡Zi `y`©všÍ •ewPÎ i‡q‡Q| †jvK msMxZ Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i †jLv| myZivs †jvK msMxZ RvqMv †f‡`
Avjv`v nq| GLv‡b fvIqvBqv, evDj Mvb, gywk©`x Ges gvidwZ i‡q‡Q| wKQz Mvb `jMZfv‡e MvIqv nq| Ab¨¸‡jv ¯^Zš¿fv‡e MvIqv
nq| wKQz Mvb agx©q Ges wKQz Mvb ag©wbi‡cÿ| Z‡e, †g‡qiv †Kej eªZMvb Mvq|
Answer: Folk music has a great variety. Folk music was written based on the environment. So the folk music
varies from place to place. There are Bhawaiya, Baul songs, Murshidi and Marfati. Some songs are sung in chorus.
Others are sung individually. Some are religious and others are secular. However, girls only sing Bratagan.
8. ¯^vaxbZv †Kvb RvwZi wbKU Ggwb Av‡m bv| GKUv RvwZ‡K GUv AR©b Ki‡Z nq| ¯^vaxbZv ïay cZvKvi cwieZ©b bq| A_©‣bwZK gyw³
Qvov ivR‣bwZK ¯^vaxbZv A_©nxb|
Answer: Independence does not depend upon a nation automatically. A nation has to achieve it. Independence does
not mean mere change of the flag. Political independence is meaningless without economic freedom.
9. GKz‡k †deªæqvwi Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b GKwU ¯§iYxq w`b| cÖwZ eQi G w`bwU Avgiv kÖ×vi mv‡_ ¯§iY Kwi| w`bwU miKvwi QzwUi w`b| GB
w`‡b RvZxq cZvKv Aa©-bwgZ Kiv nq| bvbv mfv-mwgwZ AbywôZ nq| cÖwZwU knx` wgbvi dz‡j dz‡j †X‡K hvq| hviv fvlvi Rb¨
Rxeb w`‡q‡Q Zviv Agi|
Asnwer: 21st February is a memorable/ unforgettable day in our life. Every year we commemorate this day with
due respect. The day is a public holiday. In this day national flag is hoisted half-mast. Various seminars and
symposia are held. Every Shahid Miner is covered with flowers. Those who sacrificed their lives for language are
immortal.
English to Bengali
1. Knowledge is vaster than an ocean. The more we gather knowledge, the more our thirst for it increases. So any
kind of restriction or the pursuit of knowledge is not at all desirable. Everybody has right to walk freely in the
ocean of knowledge.
Solve: Ávb gnvmgy‡`ªi †P‡qI mywekvj| Avgiv hZB Ávb AvniY Kwi, Avgv‡`i Áv‡bi Z…òv ZZB †e‡o hvq| ZvB Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi
c‡_ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi mxgve×Zv †gv‡UB Kvg¨ bq| Ávb mgy‡`ª Aev‡a wePi‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
2. Smoking is very harmful. It is expensive too. It pollutes the environment. Those who smoke cannot live long. So,
everyone should give up smoking.
Solve: a~gcvb Lye ÿwZKi| GwU e¨qeûjI| GwU cwi‡ek‡K `~wlZ K‡i| hviv a~gcvb K‡i Zviv †ewk w`b euvP‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki a~gcvb Z¨vM Kiv DwPZ|
3. Water is another asset. Its main source is the rain that builds streams, lakes and rivers. We have rain during the
monsoon. The monsoon is the seasonal wind that blows in from the Bay of Bengal.
Solve: cvwb GKwU wfbœ iK‡gi m¤ú`| GUvi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q e„wó †hUv gva¨‡g Sibv, n«` Ges b`xi m„wó nq| el©vKv‡j Avgiv e„wó
†c‡q _vwK| †g․mywg evqy n‡”Q FZzwbf©i evqy hv e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
4. Bangladesh is a land of reivers. All the rivers fall into the Bay of Bengal. Many towns, bazars and villages stand
on both the banks of the rivers. In the rainy season the rivers assume terrible aspects, but in winter they are quite
calm.
Solve: evsjv‡`k GKwU b`xgvZ…K †`k| me b`x/b`x¸‡jv e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| A‡bK kni, evRvi Ges MÖvg b`xi Dfq
Zx‡i Aew¯’Z| el©vKv‡j b`x¸‡jv fq¼i iƒc aviY K‡i wKš‘ kxZKv‡j kvšÍ _v‡K|
5. Man is the architect of his own fortune. If he makes a proper division of his time and does his duties accordingly,
he is sure to improve and prosper in life, but if he does otherwise he is sure to repent when it is too late and he will
have to drag a miserable existence from day to day.

UCC 15
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 Solve: gvbyl Zvi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi wbg©vZv| †m hw` Zvi mgq‡K h_v_©fv‡e fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †mB Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e
†m Rxe‡b Aek¨B DbœwZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| Ab¨_vq †m Aek¨B AbyZß n‡e hw`I Zv A‡bK †`wi n‡q hv‡e Ges †m w`b mgm¨vq
ch©ewmZ n‡e|
6. The best sort of character cannot be formed without efforts. This needs the exercise of constant self-watchfulness,
self-discipline and self-control. Moreover, we should bear the courage to say the right thing. We need not fear man
nor care for what others think of so. We should remember that character is the crown and glory of life.
Solve: †Póv Qvov DrK…ó PwiÎ MVb Kiv hvq bv| Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb m`v AvZ¥`„wó, AvZ¥k„•Ljv Avi AvZ¥mshg| GQvovI Avgv‡`i
mwVK K_v ejvi mvnm _vKv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i gvbyl‡K fq cvevi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB A_ev †K wK fv‡e Zv wb‡qI fxZ _vKvi gv‡b
†bB| Avgv‡`i ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h PwiÎ Rxe‡bi gyKzU I †M․ie|
7. A good teacher is one of the most important people in any country. Bangladesh needs good teachers. A good
teacher makes lesson interesting. He keeps pupils and students awake, He also makes them confindent and proves
them clever. Everybody has something valuable inside him. A good teacher discovers the treasure hidden inside
each learners.
Solve: GKRb fv‡jv wkÿK †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³‡`i Ab¨Zg| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ‡qvRb fv‡jv wkÿK| GKRb
wkÿK covïbv‡K ü`qMÖvnx K‡i †Zv‡jb| wZwb QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i RvMÖZ K‡i †Zv‡jb Ges Zv‡`i‡K cÖZ¨qx; PZzi wn‡m‡e cÖgvY K‡ib|
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †fZ‡i g~j¨evb wKQz bv wKQz _v‡K| GKRb fv‡jv wkÿK cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi †fZ‡ii jyKv‡bv cÖwZfv Avwe®‥vi K‡ib|
8. Books are men’s best companions in life. You may have good friends but you cannot get them when you need.
But books are always ready to be by your side. Some books may make you laugh. Some may give you pleasure
and some knowledge. They are your friends through your life.
Solve: eB gvby‡li Rxe‡bi m‡e©vËg eÜz| †Zvgvi A‡bK fv‡jv eÜz _vK‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ hLb †Zvgvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e ZLb Zv‡`i cv‡e bv| wKš‘
eB memgq †Zvgvi cv‡k _vK‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| wKQz eB †Zvgv‡K nvmv‡Z cv‡i| wKQz eB †Zvgv‡K Avb›` Ges Ávb w`‡Z cv‡i| Zviv †Zvgvi Rxeb
Pjvi c‡_i eÜz|
9. English is an international language. There is no country in the world there English is not spoken. Once one has
taken delight in this language one cannot but learn it. It is with the purpose to enrich the Bangla language that one
should learn English. Do you not like speaking English?
Solve: Bs‡iwR GKwU AvšÍRv© wZK fvlv| c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †Kvb †`k †bB †hLv‡b Bs‡iwR ejv nq bv| GKevi †KD GB fvlvi gRv
†c‡j, †m GUv bv wk‡L cv‡i bv| evsjv fvlv‡K mg„× Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR †kLv DwPZ| †Zvgiv wK Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ejv
cQ›` Ki bv?
10. Life has no simple definition. You can easily recognise most things as either living or non-living. A dog is alive,
but a rock is not. People identify living things by certain activities that non-living things do not perform. For
example, living things grow, require food, and reproduce themselves.
Solve: Rxe‡bi †Kvb mvaviY msÁv †bB| AwaKvsk e¯‘‡K Zzwg mn‡RB kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ro A_ev Rxe e¯‘ wn‡m‡e| GKwU KzKiz
nq RxešÍ, wKš‘ GKwU wkjv Zv bq| gvbyl Rxe e¯‘‡K kbv³ K‡i wKQz Kg©Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g hv Roe¯‘ m¤úv`b K‡i bv| D`vniY¯^iƒc
Rxee¯‘ eo nq, Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges Giv wb‡Riv Rb¥ `vb K‡i|
UCC 16
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 G †jKPv‡ii Aš@fz©³ ¸i“Z¡cY© mv‡Rkb-05
evmvq wM‡q cÖ_‡g wb‡R wb‡R †Póv Ki‡e Zvici DËi wgjv‡e|
Infinitive, Gerund & Participle (1 - 47): 10. In the sentence 'A barking dog seldom bites' the
1. A verb that acts as noun is called: word 'barking' does the function of
A. participle A. noun & verb
B. gerund B. noun & adjective
C. adverb C. verb & adjective
D. noun D. verb & conjunction
2. Reading is an excellent habit. Here the underlined 11. A rolling stone gathers no moss. What 'rolling' is?
world is a A. Gerund
A. Verbal noun B. Verbal noun
B. Participle C. infinitive
C. Verb D. Adjective
D. Gerund 12. The nightingale is a singing bird. In this sentence
3. He found parking is difficult. Here 'parking' 'singing' is a/an-
used as A. verbal noun
A. Past continuous B. gerund
B. Gerund C. adverb
C. Participle D. participle
D. Progressive tense 13. The rain came pouring down in torrents. Here
4. He started teaching Hamlet. Here 'teaching' is a  ‗pouring‘ is - .
A. Verb A. Present Participle
B. noun B. Perfect participle
C. participle C. Past participle
D. gerund D. None
5. The customer grew tired of waiting. Here waiting is- 14. Riding a horse, he went to a distant place. Here
A. verb ‗riding‘ is--
B. gerund A. a gerund
C. noun B. verbal noun
D. present participle C. gerundial infinitive
6. I loved to play chess when I was at college. Here D. present participle
'to play' is a/an 15. It was very - situation.
A. participle A. embarrassing
B. noun B. embarrass
C. gerund C. embarrassed
D. infinitive D. embarrassment
7. Present participle performs the works of-- 16. The class bores the students. It is a - class.
A. noun & adjective A. borring
B. verb & adjective B. boring
C. verb & adverb C. bored
D. verb & noun D. bore
8. He is fond of playing cricket. Here 'playing' is a-- 17. The ––––– went to sleep during the ––––––––.
A. verb A. boring students, bored lecture
B. gerund B. boring students, boring lecture
C. noun C. boredom students, boring lecture
D. present participle D. bored students, boring lecture
9. My favorite activity is reading. Here' reading' is a- 18. I feel that I cannot go  forever.
A. Object A. to live
B. Complement B. on living
C. Gerund C. living
D. Verbal noun D. to be living
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 19. I do not know if I need  death. 29. The president wishes  violence.
A. to be fear A. to ending
B. to have feared B. on ending
C. to fear C. ending
D. to have fear D. to end
20. I'm curious  to Africa. 30. We feel like  pizza.
A. about traveled A. eat
B. on travel B. with eating
C. traveling C. eating
D. about traveling D. ate
21. They postponed  the game because of rain. 31. I persuaded  the team.
A. played A. him to be join
B. to playing B. his to joining
C. at play C. him to join
D. playing D. him to joining
22. Michael Jordan is good  basketball. 32. We look forward  the Olympics.
A. playing A. at watching
B. played B. watched
C. with playing C. with watch
D. at playing D. to watching
23. I am interested  your class. 33. I am bad .
A. to taking A. on ice skating
B. in taking B. at ice skate
C. to take C. at ice skating
D. in took D. with ice skating
24. They enjoy  movies. 34. She dislikes  junk food.
A. being watched A. ate
B. watching B. eats
C. to watch C. with eating
D. to watching D. eating
25. I regret not  my parents. 35. I can't imagine  out of an airplane.
A. hug A. jumped
B. with hugging B. jumping
C. to hug C. to jump
D. hugging D. jump
26. The criminal admits  the money. 36. The boss would like  more.
A. on taking A. us work
B. taking B. we working
C. to take C. us to work
D. take D. him working
27. Many drivers avoid  in traffic. 37. They allowed  home early
A. drove A. we to go
B. to drive B. he to go
C. to driving C. him going
D. driving D. him to go
28. The gambler was angry  his money. 38. There were –reactions after the Bill was passed.
A. at losing A. a mix
B. to losing B. mix
C. to lose C. mixed
D. with lose D. missed
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 39. The tall gentleman --- by the door is the bank VERB CLASSIFICATION (48-65):
manager. 48. ‘Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom
A. who standing door with only seven seconds to spare.’ In this
B. is standing sentence the verb ‘arrived’ is.
C. stands
A. intransitive
D. standing
B. transitive
40. There is a man – next door to me.
A. living C. causative
B. who live D. defective
C. who lived 49. Fire burns. What kind of verb ‗burn‘ is?
D. is living A. Causative
41. People - in villages do not get many of the B. Transitive
urban facilities.
C. Intransitive
A. live
B. are living D. Copulative
C. living 50. River flows. What kind of verb ‗flows‘ is?
D. to live A. Intransitive
42. Walking is a good habit. Here 'walking' is a/an- B. Transitive
A. noun C. Causative
B. gerund
D. Copulative
C. verb
D. adverb 51. ‗The door opened automatically.‘ The verb in
43. The underlined word in the sentence 'It has this sentence is-
stopped raining' is- A. Transitive verb
A. Verb B. Linking verb
B. gerund C. Intransitive verb
C. infinitive D. None of these
D. present participle
52. Which one is a verb-
44. Giving is better than receiving. Here ' receiving'
is a/an- A. advise
A. common noun B. dream
B. adjective C. beautify
C. gerund D. all of these
D. present participle 53. Which of the following is a verb?
45. To err is human. What is the underlined part A. Dance
called? B. Some
A. Gerund
C. Roses
B. Verbal noun
D. Little
C. infinitive
D. participle 54. I shall call you on Friday. Here ‘call’ is widely
46. She seemed  and ill at ease, and bent her head. used as-
A. embarrasse A. Verb
B. embarrassed B. Adverb
C. embarrassing C. Adjective
D. had been embarrassed D. Auxiliary verb
47. The bridge  recently for the railroad has been
55. Which of the following words is a verb?
found faulty.
A. Penance
A. was constructed
B. constructed B. Penetrate
C. has been constructed C. Pensive
D. has constructed D. Pedant
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 56. Which of the following is a verb? 61. ‗He contemplated marrying his cousin.‘ Here
A. rectitude ‗marrying‘ works as-
B. retch A. present participle
C. retardant B. noun
D. riconnoire C. verb
D. infinitive
57. The word ‗sympathize‘ is ——.
62. He is fond of playing cricket. Here ‗Cricket‘ is a-
A. an adjective
A. verb
B. a verb
B. gerund
C. a noun C. noun
D. a preposition D. present participle
58. How gerund is formed? 63. Reading is an excellent habit. Here, the underlined
A. verb +ing word acts as-
B. preposition + ing A. Noun
C. Noun + ing B. Participle
D. adjective + ing C. Verb
59. There is no credit in earning money illegally. The D. Adjective
64. Giving is better than receiving. Here the ‘giving’ is a/an-
underlined word is-
A. common noun
A. present participle
B. adjective
B. gerund
C. gerund
C. verb D. present participle
D. present continuous 65. The customer grew tired of waiting. The underlined
60. John likes gardening. ‘Gardening’ in the sentence is- word acts as-
A. gerund B. infinitive A. Present participle B. Adjective
C. past participle D. present participle C. Noun D. Verb

Answer Key:
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A
16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.D 21.D 22.D 23.B 24.B 25.D 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.C
31.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.C 37.D 38.C 39.D 40.A 41.C 42.B 43.B 44.C 45.C
46.B 47.B 48.A 49.C 50.A 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.A 55.B 56.B 57.B 58.A 59.B 60.A
61.B 62.C 63.A 64.C 65.C

Answer to Exam-03 (MCQ-PART)

1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.A
Witten Question Answer Exam-03
Answer: We cannot be happy in whole life. There will be happiness and sorrow in world life. All of these
have to be dealt with patience. We must not forget that happiness & sorrow come by terms.

Next Topics
 Tense, Sequence of Tense  Right Form of Verbs  Topics from the Text Book
 Number  Written Part: Cloze Test with & without Clues

Reference Books:  Compact  Text Bulletin  Leader

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