DESIGN

OF
STRUCTURAL
CONNECTION
GROUP 4
MEMBERS:
GARCIA, ELMER II E.

GUTIERREZ, GEIO F.

MAIWAT, JAMES LOURD A.

 INTRODUCTION
Structural connections are a critical component in the design and
integrity of any building or infrastructure project. These connections
serve as the points where different structural elements—such as
beams, columns, and slabs—meet, transferring forces and loads
between them. A well-designed connection ensures the overall
stability, safety, and durability of the structure. The design of structural
connections must consider various factors, including material
properties, load conditions, geometry, and construction methods to
ensure that the connections can withstand the applied stresses while
remaining functional throughout the structure's life.
TYPES OF STRUCTURAL
CONNECTIONS

Bolted Connections
Bearing-Type Connections
Welded Connections
Riveted Connections
BOLTED CONNECTIONS

Bolted connections are widely used in steel

structures and involve joining components with
bolts. These connections are favored for their
ease of assembly, disassembly, and ability to
resist tensile, shear, and bending forces.
Design of bolted connections considers
factors like bolt grade, type of joint, edge and
end distances, pitch, and capacity in shear,
tension, and bearing to ensure the connection
can safely transfer loads between members.
Failure can occur in bolts or connected
elements due to various limits.
A bolt may be defined as a metal pin with a head at one end and a shank
threaded at the other end to receive a nut.
Steel washers are provided under the bolt as well as nut for distributing
the clamping pressure of the bolted member and to prevent threaded
portion of the bolt from the bearing on the connecting pieces.
 CLASSIFICATION
1) Based on force transferred:
a) Concentric connections - load passes through C.G.
b) Eccentric - load away from the C.G.
c) Moment resisting connections - joint subjected to moment-beam and
column

2) Based on type of force:

a) Shear connections - lap and butt joint
b) Tension connections - hanger connection.
c) Combined shear and tension - bracing.

3) Based on force mechanism:

a) Bearing type - bolt bear against the hole to transfer the force.
b) Friction type - force is transferred by friction.
 TYPES OF BOLTS
1) Unfinished or Black Bolt
Bearing type of bolt. It also called an ordinary, common, rough bolt.
Made from mild steel rods with square or hexagonal head.
Nominal diameter- 16, 20, 24, 30 and 36 are commonly used.

2) Finished or Turned Bolt

The shank of these bolt is formed from a hexagonal rod.

3) High Strength Bolts

Made from medium carbon heat treated steel and from alloy steel.
Has high strength two or more times than ordinary bolt.
Available in size 16mm to 36mm.
Types of Bolts
Grade 4.6-M20
20mm is diameter of bolt
Ultimate tensile strength = 4x100, fub = 400 N/mm2
Yield Stress = 400x0.6, fyb = 240 N/mm2
IS 1367 (part - 3)
Advantages:
1) Connections can be made quickly; erection of
the structure speedy.
2) Less skilled persons are required.
3) Less equipment is required.
4) Cost is less.
 TYPES OF BOLTED JOINTS
1) Lap joint
Two members are overlapped and connected together.
It may be a single or double bolted lap joint.
2) Butt Joint
Two members to be connected are placed end to end.
Additional plates are provided on either or one side
known as cover plates.
 FAILURE OF BOLTED JOINTS
Failure may be in bolts or member
connected:
1) Shear failure of bolt:
The maximum factored shear force
in the bolt may exceed the nominal
shear capacity of the bolt.
Bolt may fail in single or double
shear.

2) Bearing failure of plates:

When a member is subjected to
shear force, slip takes place and the
bolt comes in contact with plates.
3) Bearing failure of bolt:
Bolt is crushed around half circumference.
It does not occur in practice except when plates are made of
high strength steel.
4) Tension failure of bolt: Bolts subjected to tension may fail at
the stress area.
5) Tension or tearing of plate: it occurs when bolts are stronger
than plate.
6) Block shear failure: if bolts are placed at a lesser end distance
than required causing the plate to shear out. Block of material
within the bolted area breaks.
 BEARING-TYPE CONNECTIONS
It is assumed that the load to be transferred is larger than the frictional resistance
caused by tightening the bolts, consequently members slip a little over each other,
placing the bolt in shear and bearing.
No. of bolts required is equal to load divided by the strength of one bolt.
Generally, a minimum two or three bolts are provided even if one bolt is required.
The strength of a bolt multiplied with the number of bolts in the joints gives the
strength of the joint on the basis of bolts.
However, the failure of joints can be in a bolt or in a plate.

1) Shearing Strength of Bolt: (IS 800:2007, Cl. No. 10.3.3, 75)

The resistance of bolt to shear is called the nominal capacity of bolt in shear and
denoted by Vnsb.
It depends upon the ultimate tensile strength of bolt fub and no. of shear planes n.
The nominal shank area Asb and shear area of bolt at threads Anb in each shear plane.
The nominal shear capacity of the bolt is given by,

Where,

= No. of shear planes with

threads.
= No. of shear planes without
threads (shank, plane area)
 
a.) If length of joint (i.e. distance between first row & last row of bolt) exceeds
15d, where d = diameter of bolt, then
Reduction factor is multiplied, (IS 800:2007, 10.3.3.1, 75)
WELDED CONNECTIONS
Welding is a method where metal components
are fused together by applying heat and
pressure. This type of connection is commonly
used in steel and other metal structures,
offering high strength and stiffness with a
seamless connection.
RIVETED CONNECTIONS
Riveting was historically popular in steel
construction but is less common today due to
the rise of bolting and welding techniques.
Riveted connections involve inserting a metal pin
(rivet) through holes in the members and then
deforming the rivet's ends to form a secure joint.
While less common now, they are still used in the
restoration of historical structures.
 REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net

https://www.egr.msu.edu/~harichan/classes/ce405/chap5.pdf
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