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Python

The document provides an overview of Python, highlighting its characteristics as a high-level, interpreted, and portable language with a rich library. It covers execution modes, keywords, data types, operators, input/output, type conversion, debugging, functions, and data structures such as strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Additionally, it explains the syntax for user-defined functions, variable scope, and module usage.

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3 views3 pages

Python

The document provides an overview of Python, highlighting its characteristics as a high-level, interpreted, and portable language with a rich library. It covers execution modes, keywords, data types, operators, input/output, type conversion, debugging, functions, and data structures such as strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Additionally, it explains the syntax for user-defined functions, variable scope, and module usage.

Uploaded by

daewik69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON

1. Introduction to Python

 High-level Language: Easy to understand and write.

 Interpreted: Executed line by line.

 Case-sensitive: NUMBER and number are different.

 Portable: Runs on various operating systems.

 Rich Library: Predefined functions for various tasks.

2. Execution Modes

 Interactive Mode: Execute one line at a time.

 Script Mode: Write and execute multiple lines in a file.

3. Python Keywords and Identifiers

 Keywords: Reserved words with specific meanings (e.g., if, else, for).

 Identifiers: Names given to variables, functions, etc. Rules:

o Start with a letter or underscore.

o Can contain letters, digits, or underscores.

o Cannot be a keyword.

4. Variables and Data Types

 Variables: Store data values.

 Data Types:

o Numbers: int, float, complex.

o Sequences: str, list, tuple.

o Sets: Unordered collection of unique elements.

o Dictionaries: Key-value pairs.

5. Operators

 Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %, //, **.

 Relational: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.

 Logical: and, or, not.

 Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, //=, **=.

 Membership: in, not in.


 Identity: is, is not.

6. Input and Output

 Input: input() function to take user input.

 Output: print() function to display output.

7. Type Conversion

 Explicit: Manually convert data types using functions like int(), float(), str().

 Implicit: Python automatically converts data types during operations.

8. Debugging

 Syntax Errors: Mistakes in code structure.

 Logical Errors: Code runs but produces incorrect results.

 Runtime Errors: Errors during execution (e.g., division by zero).

Functions in Python

1. Introduction to Functions

 Definition: A block of code that performs a specific task.

 Advantages:

o Increases code readability.

o Reduces code duplication.

o Enhances reusability.

2. User-Defined Functions

 Syntax:

def function_name(parameters):

# Function body

return value

 Arguments and Parameters: Values passed to a function during a call.

 Return Statement: Returns a value from the function.

3. Scope of Variables

 Global Variables: Accessible throughout the program.

 Local Variables: Accessible only within the function.

4. Built-in Functions

 Examples: len(), type(), input(), print(), sum(), min(), max().


5. Modules

 Definition: A file containing Python code (functions, variables, etc.).

 Importing Modules: Use import module_name to use functions from a module.

Strings, Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries

1. Strings

 Definition: Sequence of characters enclosed in quotes.

 Operations: Concatenation (+), repetition (*), slicing ([start:end]), membership (in, not in).

 Methods: len(), lower(), upper(), strip(), split(), replace().

2. Lists

 Definition: Ordered, mutable sequence of elements.

 Operations: Concatenation, repetition, slicing, membership.

 Methods: append(), extend(), insert(), remove(), pop(), sort(), reverse().

3. Tuples

 Definition: Ordered, immutable sequence of elements.

 Operations: Concatenation, repetition, slicing, membership.

 Methods: count(), index().

4. Dictionaries

 Definition: Unordered collection of key-value pairs.

 Operations: Accessing values using keys, adding/updating key-value pairs, deleting keys.

 Methods: keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), pop().

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