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Queue

A queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structure where elements are added to the rear of the queue and removed from the front of the queue. Common queue operations include enqueue, which inserts an element at the rear, and dequeue, which removes an element from the front. Queues can be implemented using either arrays or linked lists.

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Sai Siddhardh Reddy
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28 views

Queue

A queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structure where elements are added to the rear of the queue and removed from the front of the queue. Common queue operations include enqueue, which inserts an element at the rear, and dequeue, which removes an element from the front. Queues can be implemented using either arrays or linked lists.

Uploaded by

Sai Siddhardh Reddy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Queue

QuQue eu ue e

INTRODUCTION
A queue is a collection of entities are kept in order. The principal operations are Addition of entities to the rear terminal position Removal of entities from the front terminal Qu eu position. e Queue is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure. In a FIFO data structure, the first element added to the queue will be the first one to be removed. A queue is an example of a linear data structure.

Front Rear

Real Life Ex: Waiting in line

Qu eu

Applications related to Computer Science: Threads Job scheduling (e.g. Round-Robin algorithm for CPU allocation)

QUEUE OPERATIONS
enqueue - insert item at the back of queue. dequeue - return (and virtually remove) the front item from queue. init - initialize queue, reset all variables. Qu eu There are other operations such as full and empty. e

A Linked Implementation of a Queue


Use chain of linked nodes for the queue Two ends at opposite ends of chain Accessing last node inefficient with only head reference Qu eu Could keep a reference to the tail of the e chain With references to both Place front of queue at beginning of chain Place back of queue at end of chain

A Linked Implementation of a Queue

Qu eu

A Linked Implementation of a Queue

Qu eu

Array-Based Implementation of a Queue


Initially, let queue[0] be the front
frontIndex, backIndex

are indices of front

and back

If we maintain queue[0] is front e


Must shift entries when we remove the front

Qu eu

Instead, we move frontIndex


Problem then is array can become full But now beginning of array could be empty and available for use

Applications: Job Scheduling


front rear Q[0] Q[1] Q[2] Q[3] -1 -1 -1 0 J1 Qu e -1 1 J1 J2 u e -1 2 J1 J2 J3 0 2 J2 J3 1 2 J3
Find out the errors?

Comments queue is empty Job 1 is added Job 2 is added Job 3 is added Job 1 is deleted Job 2 is deleted

PROCEDURE ADD(QUEUE, F, R, N, item)


[This will inserts item in the queue after R (rear) where n is size of array.]

1. [Overflow ?] if (R >= N) write Stack is full. return. 2. [Increment R] R <-- R + 1 3. [Insert Element] QUEUE [R] <-- item. 4. [Setting the F (Front) pointer] if (F=0) F=1 return.

Qu eu

PROCEDURE DELETE(QUEUE, F, R, item)


[Deletes item from the stack, F is the Front end pointer and R is the rear end pointer]

1. [Underflow ?] if (R <= 0) write Stack is empty. return. 2. [Deleting Element] Qu eu item <-- QUEUE[F] e 3. [Incrementing F] F <-- F + 1 4. [Checking for empty queue] if (F > R) then F <-- R <-- 0 return.

Qu eu e

En-queue & De-queue

Qu eu

En-queue & De-queue

Qu eu

Implementation using Arrays


#include <stdio.h> #define MAX 50 void insert(); void delet(); void display(); int queue[MAX], rear=-1, front=-1, item; Qu eu main() e { int ch; do { printf("\n\n1. Insert\n2. Delete\n3. Display\n4. Exit\n"); printf("\nEnter your choice: "); scanf("%d", &ch);

switch(ch) { case 1: insert(); break; case 2: delete(); break; Qu case 3: eu e display(); break; case 4: exit(0); default: printf("\n\nInvalid entry. Please try again...\n"); }} while(1); getch(); }

void insert()
{

if(rear == MAX-1) printf("\n\nQueue is full."); else


{

printf("\n\nEnter ITEM: "); scanf("%d", &item); if (rear == -1 && front == -1) Qu { eu e rear = 0; front = 0;
}

else rear++; queue[rear] = item; printf("\n\nItem inserted: %d", item);


} }

void delete() { if(front == -1) printf("\n\nQueue is empty."); else { item = queue[front]; if (front == rear) Qu { eu e front = -1; rear = -1; } else front++; printf("\n\nItem deleted: %d", item); } }

void display() { int i; if(front == -1) printf("\n\nQueue is empty."); else { printf("\n\n"); Qu eu for(i=front; i<=rear; i++) e printf(" %d", queue[i]); } }

Implementation using Arrays


#include<stdio.h> #include<malloc.h> #define MAXSIZE 10 void insertion(); void deletion(); void display(); Qu struct node eu e { int info; struct node *link; }*new,*temp,*p,*front=NULL,*rear=NULL; typedef struct node N; main() { int ch;

do { printf("\n\t\t\tLinked queue"); printf("\n 1.Insertion"); printf("\n 2.Deletion"); printf("\n 3.Display"); printf("\n 4.Exit"); printf("\n Enter your choice : "); scanf("%d",&ch); switch(ch) { Qu case 1: eu insertion(); e break; case 2: deletion(); break; case 3: display(); break; default: break; }}while(ch<=3); }

void insertion() { int item; new=(N*)malloc(sizeof(N)); printf("\nEnter the item : "); scanf("%d",&item); new->info=item; new->link=NULL; if(front==NULL) Que ue { front=new; } else { rear->link=new; rear=new; } }

void deletion() { if(front==NULL) printf("\nQueue is empty"); else { p=front; printf("\nDeleted element is : %d",p->info); front=front->link; free(p); } } Qu void display() eu { e if(front==NULL) printf("\nQueue is empty"); else { printf("\nThe elements are : "); temp=front; while(temp!=NULL) { printf("%d",temp->info); temp=temp->link; }}}

The biggest lie on the planet, when I get what Ie want I will be HAPPY!
Qu eu

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