Internship project

BIHAR STATE POWER TRANSMISSION

COMPANY LIMITED

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR

"A PROJECT ON IN PLANT TRAINING AT BSPTCL GSS

PURNIA“
FROM 05/06/2025 ΤΟ 30/06/2025

SUBMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT

FOR AWARD OF CERTIFICATE OF B. TECH IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY:-

SS. NO Name of Students Reg. no

1. Sushant Kumar 23110128029
2. SURAJ KUMAR JHA 24110128904
3. SUMIT KUMAR 23110128015
4. ROHIT KUMAR 24110128904
5. SATISH KUMAR 24110128903

B. TECH IN ELECTRICAL&ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

FROM
B P MANDAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MADHEPURA
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have experienced industrial training in BSPTCL Purnia,

substation from 05/06/2025 to 30/06/2025.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Bihar State

Power Transmission Company Limited (BSPTCL) for providing
me the opportunity to undergo internship training at the
132/33 kV Grid Substation, Purnia.
I am especially thankful to the Er. Anupam Kumar Singh,
Assistant Engineer (A.E.),and the entire technical staff at the
Purnia Substation for their valuable guidance, continuous
support, and practical knowledge shared during my training
period. Their cooperation and friendly environment made this
internship a truly enriching experience.
I am also thankful to my college faculty and department for
arranging this industrial training and helping me understand
real-world applications of electrical engineering concepts.
This internship has helped me to enhance my technical skills,
understand substation equipment like power transformers,
isolators, circuit breakers, and gain practical exposure to
power transmission and distribution systems.
Lastly, I am grateful to my family and friends for their
encouragement and moral support throughout the training.
 Objective of Training

The primary objective of this industrial training was

to enhance our practical knowledge and
understanding of electrical power systems by
observing and interacting with real-time equipment
in a high-voltage substation environment. Conducted
at the 132/33 kV Grid Substation in Purnia under
Bihar State Power Transmission Company Limited
(BSPTCL), the training aimed to bridge the gap
between academic learning and field-level
operations.
The training provided an opportunity to study the
functioning and roles of various substation
components such as power transformers, circuit
breakers, current transformers (CTs), potential
transformers (PTs), lightning arresters, isolators,
busbars, relays, and SCADA systems. It also focused
on system protection techniques, safety protocols,
and preventive maintenance practices followed in
live substations.
This hands-on experience helped in developing a
strong foundation in practical aspects of power
transmission and distribution, and also improved our
awareness of fault detection, system monitoring,
and the responsibilities of engineers in maintaining
grid reliability and safety. Overall, the training aimed
to equip us with the knowledge and confidence
required for working in the power sector after
graduation.
 CONTENTS
1. Introduction

2. Single Line Diagram

3. Power Transformer

4. Lightning Arrester

5. Current Transformer

6. Capacitive Voltage Transformer

7. Potential Transformer

8. insulator

9. Bus Bar

10. Isolator and Earth Switch

11. Circuit Breaker

12. Relay
 INTRODUCTION

Electrical power is one of the most essential needs in today’s modern

world. From homes to industries, from communication systems to
healthcare, every sector depends on the reliable and efficient supply
of electricity. To ensure this, a robust power transmission and
distribution system is necessary — and power substations are at the
heart of this system.
As part of my academic curriculum in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (EEE), I had the opportunity to undergo internship
training at the 132/33 kV Grid Substation, Purnia, managed by Bihar
State Power Transmission Company Limited (BSPTCL). This
substation plays a critical role in receiving high-voltage electricity
(132 kV) from the transmission lines and stepping it down to 33 kV
for further distribution to local substations and consumers across
Purnia and nearby areas.
During the course of the training, I observed and learned about the
working of various high-voltage equipment used in the substation,
including power transformers, current transformers (CTs), potential
transformers (PTs), circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arresters,
and control panels. I also gained practical insight into the protection
mechanisms, fault handling, and load management systems used in
real-time.
This internship served as a bridge between theoretical classroom
knowledge and actual field application. It gave me a practical
understanding of how power systems are managed, how equipment
is maintained, and how safety is ensured in high-voltage
environments. The experience also helped me develop a better
appreciation of the scale and complexity involved in the operation of
a grid substation.
This report summarizes the key components, operations, and
learnings from my internship at the Purnia substation and highlights
the importance of substations in maintaining a stable and efficient
electrical grid.
Single Line diagram
 Power Transformers at Purnia
132/33 kV Grid Substation

Introduction:-
The 132/33 kV Grid Substation at Purnia, operated
by BSPTCL, is a major hub for stepping down high-
voltage power received from transmission lines to
lower voltages suitable for local and regional
distribution. The substation houses three power
transformers, each dedicated to supplying electricity
to different areas of Purnia and nearby locations.
Transformer Details
The substation consists of the following three step-
down power transformers:
Feeder Areas
Transformer No. Rating Voltage Level
Supplied
Purnia Town, Line
132/33 kV, 50
Transformer-1 Step-Down Bazaar,
MVA
Khushkibagh
132/33 kV, 50 Gulabbagh, K-
Transformer-2 Step-Down
MVA Haat, Sarsi, Baisi
Kasba,
132/33 kV, 50
Transformer-3 Step-Down Banmankhi,
MVA
Dhamdaha
 Purpose & Role
Each transformer is responsible for:
Stepping down incoming 132 kV transmission voltage to 33 kV.
Ensuring load sharing and reliable power distribution to different regions.
Supporting peak load demand and standby backup in case of maintenance
or fault in any one transformer.
Observed Major Components
During the internship, the following key components were observed in each
transformer unit:
Conservator Tank – Maintains oil level
Buchholz Relay – Fault and gas detection
Radiators – Cooling by oil circulation
Breather (Silica Gel) – Moisture control
Bushings – High voltage insulation entry points
Temperature Indicators and Oil Level Gauges – Safety monitoring

Distribution Path
After voltage is stepped down to 33 kV, the output is routed to 33 kV
outgoing feeders.
Each feeder goes to a separate 33/11 kV substation or direct consumer
load.
From there, further transformation to 11 kV and finally 415V/230V happens
for domestic and commercial users.
Safety Measures & Maintenance
Transformers are protected using relays, circuit breakers, and lightning
arresters.
Routine maintenance includes oil testing, insulation resistance checks, and
temperature monitoring.
All transformers are grounded and isolated during fault handling or
servicing.
Transformer Control Panel
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR

➢A lightning arrester is a device used on

electrical power systems and
telecommunications systems to protect the
insulation and conductors of the system from
the damaging effects of lightning.
➢The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage
terminal . and a ground terminal
➢When a lightning surge (or switching surge.
which is very similar) travels along the power
line to the arrester, the current from the surge
is diverted through the arrestor, in
most cases to earth.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

➢ A current transformer (CT) is used for

measurement of alternating electric currents.
➢When current in a circuit is too high to apply
directly to measuring instruments, a current
transformer produces a reduced current
accurately proportional to the current in the
circuit, which can be conveniently connected to
measuring and recording instruments
➢A current transformer isolates the measuring
instruments from what may be very high voltage
in the monitored circuit.
➢The primary circuit is largely unaffected by the
insertion of the CT. The rated secondary current is
commonly standardized at 1 or 5 amperes. For
example, a 4000:5 CT secondary winding will
supply an output current of 5 amperes when the
primary winding current is 4000 amperes.
 potential Transformer (PT)
A Potential Transformer (PT) is an instrument transformer used to step
down high voltage to a lower, measurable value suitable for meters, relays,
and control systems. It works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction, just like a regular transformer.
❖Key Features:
Used for voltage measurement and protection in medium-voltage systems
(typically up to 66 kV).
Primary winding is connected to the high-voltage line, and the secondary
winding gives a reduced voltage (like 110 V or 1 kV).
Ensures isolation between high voltage and measuring instruments.
PTs are highly accurate and mainly used for energy metering and voltage
monitoring.
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
PTs are generally used in 33 kV feeders to monitor voltage levels.
They are connected with measuring devices and protective relays in the
control room

Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

A Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT) is used in high-voltage substations
(above 100 kV) to measure voltage and provide input to protection relays.
Unlike PTs, CVTs use a combination of capacitors, inductive transformer,
and tuning coils.
❖Key Features:
Used for voltage transformation and signal transmission in 132 kV, 220
kV, and higher systems.
Works by using capacitor divider circuits to first reduce voltage, then steps
it down further using a transformer.
CVTs are more economical and compact compared to PTs at high voltages.
Also used for carrier communication (PLCC) between substations.
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
CVTs are installed on the 132 kV incoming lines for voltage measurement
and protection.
They provide input to high-voltage protection relays and SCADA systems.
Also support communication link setup via Power Line Carrier
Communication (PLCC).
 Insulator
An insulator is a device used in electrical systems to support and
separate electrical conductors without allowing current to pass
through itself. It is made of materials like porcelain, glass, or
polymer, which have very high resistance to electricity.
❖Key Functions:
Prevents leakage of current to the ground or nearby metal
structures.
Supports high-voltage conductors in substations and transmission
lines.
Provides mechanical strength to the overhead line or equipment.
❖Types of Insulators Used in Substations:
Pin Type Insulator
Post Type Insulator
Disc Type (Suspension) Insulator
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
Insulators are installed on bushings, busbars, and line supports to
safely hold the conductors and avoid flashovers.
Mostly used in 132 kV and 33 kV bays to hold jumpers and high-
voltage wires.

Bus Bar
A Bus Bar is a metallic conductor strip or bar used to carry large
currents and connect multiple circuits together inside the substation.
It acts like a central point from where power is distributed to
different outgoing feeders.
❖Key Features:
Made of copper or aluminum.
Has high current-carrying capacity and low resistance.
Usually supported by insulators and enclosed in bus ducts or placed
in air.
❖Functions:
Connects incoming supply lines to multiple outgoing lines.
Enables easy switching and flexibility in operation during
maintenance or fault conditions.
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
Used in 132 kV and 33 kV switchyards to interconnect transformers,
isolators, and breakers.
Helps in transferring power from one bay to another.
 Isolator and Earth Switch
Isolator is a manually operated switch used to completely
disconnect a part of the circuit for maintenance. It ensures
safe isolation when the current is already zero (i.e., load is
disconnected).
Earth Switch is used to connect the isolated equipment to
the ground for safety during maintenance, so that any
stored charge is discharged safely.
❖Key Points:
Isolator operates only under no-load conditions.
Provides visual confirmation of isolation.
Earth switch ensures personnel safety during
maintenance.
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
Used in both 132 kV and 33 kV bays before and after
circuit breakers.
Essential during shut-down or line clearance work.
Circuit Breaker
A Circuit Breaker is an automatic switching device that can
open or close a circuit under normal or fault conditions. It
interrupts the current flow when a fault like short-circuit or
overload occurs.
❖Types Used in Substations:
SF₆ Circuit Breaker – Common at 132 kV
Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) – Used at 33 kV
❖Functions:
Protects equipment from fault damage.
Can operate automatically via relay signals.
Ensures safe and fast fault clearance.
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
Installed in incoming and outgoing feeders.
Connected with CTs, PTs, relays, and SCADA system for
automation.
 Relay
A Relay is a sensing device that monitors the
electrical parameters (like current, voltage,
frequency) and sends a trip signal to the circuit
breaker when it detects any abnormal condition or
fault.
❖Types of Relays:
1. Overcurrent Relay
2. Earth Fault Relay
3. Differential Relay
❖Functions:
Detects faults (overcurrent, earth fault, etc.).
Sends command to trip circuit breaker.
Provides fast, automatic protection.
❖Application in Purnia Substation:
Installed in control panel of each bay.
Works with CTs and PTs for accurate fault sensing
and breaker tripping.
 Conclusion
The industrial training at the 132/33 kV Grid Substation,
Purnia, under Bihar State Power Transmission Company
Limited (BSPTCL), provided a highly enriching and
practical learning experience. This training bridged the
gap between classroom-based theoretical knowledge
and its actual application in real-world power
transmission and distribution systems.
During the course of this internship, we gained valuable
exposure to the working of various substation
components such as power transformers, circuit
breakers, current transformers (CTs), potential
transformers (PTs), lightning arresters, isolators,
busbars, and control panels. We also understood key
aspects of power system protection, equipment
maintenance, safety protocols, and load management.
The training helped us improve our technical
understanding, develop observation skills, and build
confidence in dealing with high-voltage systems. It also
made us more aware of the responsibilities of electrical
engineers in maintaining grid reliability and safety.
Overall, the experience has laid a strong foundation for
our future endeavors in the power sector.