MASONRY

DEFINITION
• Construction of building units bonded
together with mortar (Cement + Sand +
Water)
 TYPES
• Based on the building units
– Brick Masonry
– Stone Masonry
 BRICK MASONRY
• Brick Units bonded with mortar
• Components of Brick Masonry are
– Brick
– Mortar
 BRICK USED IN MASONRY
• Type of bricks used in brick masonry
– Traditional Bricks
• Don’t have standard size and it varies from place to
place
• 23 cm X 11.4 cm X 7.6 cm (9” X 4.5” X 3”)
– Modular Bricks
• Standard dimension – 19 cm x 9 cm x 9 cm
 MORTAR USED IN MASONRY
– Mortar is mixture of binder and inert material
(sand)
– Type of mortar used in brick masonry
• Lime Mortar
– Lime is used as binder
– Proportion of lime to sand is 1:1.5 to 1:2
• Cement Mortar
– Cement is used as binder
– Proportion of cement to sand is 1:2 to 1:6
– Stronger than lime mortar
– Used in wall, pillar constructions
 TERMS USED IN BRICK MASONARY
COURSE :-
A course is a horizontal layer of the masonry
unit.

HEADER COURSE :-
A course of brickwork showing only header on
the exposed face of the wall.

STRETCHER COURSE :-
A course of brickwork showing only Stretcher on
the exposed face of the wall.

BAT :-
It is the portion of the brick cut across the width.

HALF BAT :-
If the length of the bat is equal to half the length
of the full brick.

THREE QUARTER BAT :-

QUEEN CLOSER:-
If the width of the closure is equal to half the
width of the full brick.

KING CLOSER :-
If the one end of the closure is equal to half the
width of the full brick and other end of the
closure is equal to the width of the full brick.

LAP :-
It is the horizontal distance between the vertical
joints of the successive brick courses.

FROG :-
It is a depression on the top face of a brick. It is
used as a key for the mortar.
 TYPES OF BONDS IN BRICK MASONRY
• STRECHER BOND
• HEADER BOND
• ENGLISH BOND
• FLEMISH BOND
• RAKING BOND
• ZIGZAG BOND
• GARDEN WALL BOND
STRETCHER BOND
HEADER BOND
 ENGLISH BOND
• This bond consists of alternate
course of header and stretcher.
• Each alternate header is placed over
the stretcher course.
 ENGLISH BOND
• If the thickness of the wall is equal
to one length of the brick, then
both face (Front and back face) will
be of same appearance
• If the thickness of the wall is equal
to one and half length of the brick,
then one face will be of header and
other face will be of stretcher
 FLEMISH BOND
• In each course, stretcher and
header are alternately placed
• Every header is placed centrally
over the stretcher
• Both faces have the same
appearances
• Bats are used for walls
RAKING BOND
ZIGZAG BOND
GARDEN WALL BOND
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND
FLEMISH BOND :-
ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND

Stretcher and header courses are placed Each course alternate header and
alternately stretcher are placed

English bond is compact and strong Flemish bond is weak

Appearance is not good Appearance is good

In this bond, greater skill is not required This bond requires more skill and
experience
Mortar requirement is less More mortar is required
 POINTS TO BE OBSERVED IN
CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK MASONRY
• Soaked in water before use
• Beds of course perpendicular to line of
pressure
• Avoid continuous vertical joints
• Brick bats should be minimum
• Ht of brick restriction for 1 day is 1m
• After construction it should be cured for 1 to 2
weeks
 STONE MASONRY
• Stone units bonded together with mortar
• Stone masonry is classified into two types
– Rubble Masonry
• Random Rubble
• Square Rubble
• Polygonal Rubble
• Flint Rubble
• Dry Rubble
 STONE MASONRY
• Stone masonry is classified into two types
– Ashlar Masonry
• Ashlar Fine
• Ashlar Rough tooled
• Ashlar rock or quarry faced
• Ashlar chamfered
• Ashlar block in course
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
A. Rubble Masonry
– Stone of irregular size and shape are used
– Stones obtained from quarry are used in same
form or broken and shaped in suitable sizes
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
i. Random Rubble Masonry
– Stones are of widely different sizes
– Roughest & Cheapest
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
• CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BRICK MASONRY AND STONE
MASONRY :-
BRICK MASONRY STONE MASONRY
Cost of brick masonry is less Cost of stone masonry is high
It doesn’t requires lifting devices and it It requires lifting devices in the
can be shifted manually by labours construction site
In brick masonry any type of mortar can In stone masonry only cement mortar
be used will have better bond with the stone
surface
The dead weight is less The dead weight is more
Brick masonry is weaker than stone Stone masonry is stronger than brick
masonry masonry
Thinner walls are possible Thinner walls are not possible
Brick masonry is less water tight than Stone masonry is more water tight
stone work
Plastering is essentials since bricks Plastering is not required
absorbs water from atmosphere and
dampness can enter the building.
Bricks are used for residential and Stones are used for temples and bridge
commercial building works works