Scribd
Upload
3 views6 pages

5 -Python Fundamentals

The document covers Python fundamentals, including variables, data types, typecasting, user input, comments, escape sequences, print statements, and operators. It explains how to create and name variables, the different data types supported by Python, and how to convert between them. Additionally, it discusses the use of comments for code clarity and various operators for data manipulation.

Uploaded by

hepey49358
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views6 pages

5 -Python Fundamentals

The document covers Python fundamentals, including variables, data types, typecasting, user input, comments, escape sequences, print statements, and operators. It explains how to create and name variables, the different data types supported by Python, and how to convert between them. Additionally, it discusses the use of comments for code clarity and various operators for data manipulation.

Uploaded by

hepey49358
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Python Fundamentals

Variables and Data Types in Python

What are Variables?


• Variables are used to store data that can be used and manipulated in a
program.

• A variable is created when you assign a value to it using the = operator.

• Example:

name = "Alice"
age = 25
height = 5.6

Variable Naming Rules


• Variable names can contain letters, numbers, and underscores.
• Variable names must start with a letter or underscore.
• Variable names are case-sensitive.
• Avoid using Python keywords as variable names (e.g., print , if , else ).

Best Practices
• Use descriptive names that reflect the purpose of the variable.
• Use lowercase letters for variable names.
• Separate words using underscores for readability (e.g., first_name ,
total_amount ).
Data Types in Python
Python supports several built-in data types:

• Integers ( int ): Whole numbers (e.g., 10 , -5 ).


• Floats ( float ): Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14 , -0.001 ).
• Strings ( str ): Text data enclosed in quotes (e.g., "Hello" , 'Python' ).
• Booleans ( bool ): Represents True or False .
• Lists: Ordered, mutable collections (e.g., [1, 2, 3] ).
• Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections (e.g., (1, 2, 3) ).
• Sets: Unordered collections of unique elements (e.g., {1, 2, 3} ).
• Dictionaries: Key-value pairs (e.g., {"name": "Alice", "age": 25} ).

Checking Data Types


• Use the type() function to check the data type of a variable.

print(type(10)) # Output: <class 'int'>


print(type("Hello")) # Output: <class 'str'>

Typecasting in Python

What is Typecasting?
• Typecasting is the process of converting one data type to another.
• Python provides built-in functions for typecasting:
• int() : Converts to integer.
• float() : Converts to float.
• str() : Converts to string.
• bool() : Converts to boolean.
Examples:

# Convert string to integer


num_str = "10"
num_int = int(num_str)
print(num_int) # Output: 10

# Convert integer to string


num = 25
num_str = str(num)
print(num_str) # Output: "25"

# Convert float to integer


pi = 3.14
pi_int = int(pi)
print(pi_int) # Output: 3

Taking User Input in Python

Using the input() Function

• The input() function allows you to take user input from the keyboard.

• By default, input() returns a string. You can convert it to other data types as
needed.

• Example:

name = input("Enter your name: ")


age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print(f"Hello {name}, you are {age} years old.")
Comments, Escape Sequences & Print Statement

Comments
• Comments are used to explain code and are ignored by the Python
interpreter.

• Single-line comments start with # .

• Multi-line comments are enclosed in ''' or """ .

# This is a single-line comment


'''
This is a
multi-line comment
'''

Escape Sequences
• Escape sequences are used to include special characters in strings.

• Common escape sequences:

• \n : Newline
• \t : Tab
• \\ : Backslash
• \" : Double quote
• \' : Single quote

• Example:

print("Hello\nWorld!")
print("This is a tab\tcharacter.")

Print Statement
• The print() function is used to display output.
• You can use sep and end parameters to customize the output.

print("Hello", "World", sep=", ", end="!\n")

Operators in Python

Types of Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators:

1. + (Addition), - (Subtraction), * (Multiplication), / (Division), %


(Modulus), ** (Exponentiation), // (Floor Division).

2. Example:

print(10 + 5) # Output: 15
print(10 ** 2) # Output: 100

2. Comparison Operators:

1. == (Equal), != (Not Equal), > (Greater Than), < (Less Than), >=
(Greater Than or Equal), <= (Less Than or Equal).

2. Example:

print(10 > 5) # Output: True


print(10 == 5) # Output: False

3. Logical Operators:

1. and , or , not .

2. Example:

print(True and False) # Output: False


print(True or False) # Output: True
print(not True) # Output: False
4. Assignment Operators:

1. = , += , -= , *= , /= , %= , **= , //= .

2. Example:

x = 10
x += 5 # Equivalent to x = x + 5
print(x) # Output: 15

5. Membership Operators:

1. in , not in .

2. Example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


print("banana" in fruits) # Output: True

6. Identity Operators:

1. is , is not .

2. Example:

x = 10
y = 10
print(x is y) # Output: True

Summary

• Variables store data, and Python supports multiple data types.


• Typecasting allows you to convert between data types.
• Use input() to take user input and print() to display output.
• Comments and escape sequences help make your code more readable.
• Python provides a variety of operators for performing operations on data.

You might also like