| LECTRONICS IGITAL PRAIPTAITTIF7FFFIFIIFIVPFINAARAAAAA AK H ODM~~ Lecture 01: Basic Gates - AND , oR % NOT Nem wr aw ne TS Logie Gata TTS Basie buileing blorks of 0 atightak dystom ~~ 3 types dogic gots ee ne ot yO Bowie — AND, OR VN le ® Uuriversat - NAND , NOR ~~ ® Spector purpose - KOR , x NOR BASIC GATES @ AND Gate Legie Symbol Ye ABee a ye ABC fare and qaie Ua loge gue how output 4 of dope 00 whun ony | tre Anput la ot Teutr Table ee o> > wens eee cele dd Logic Ae - ia dogic > And gote ae Jogi inife yeti aan of tee Anpuls Olt of degic high @ or Gate a Age $s ymool Truth Table - = a ° 7 ° 2 ° o 2 1 =2 t —) 1 a) 1 . yTraut Table , a Ue uo Aeible Lilttng al the combinatis 4 input variable | along wht tae corrtponding outputs : @ Not gate Logic Symbol ruth Toole R & eR D > NOT gate bo epic gate whose output ds at Logte af When PA caput ay at dogic tow > NOT gate Ua logic gate whare gutput Lb at Logie ow whan ty Saput | a ok logic hgh. > NOT gate la Logie gate where eutput, Ls at consplemant | | ) togie ef He thipub Leveuse 02 UnIVeLIOs Gobel — NAND Nand Gate > le an AND gate foriowed by Not gote ero OoRK OOF ao fe gate whose output ty Loyle nigh (fo any tos dapat i Logie deo is dope goke whose output i Logit Low Orly ushen oth the Enptt aki ab beyle dugh. > NAND gate 7 NAND ye DP 2g PPPIPA®AA?ARAADADADAD AMA AAA S&L EEO |> NAND \ > AND, of | NOT PRUE Woe eee ddd ddd ddd ddd dd de Tut Table For 4.8 & (&+8) Ae \ me | AB | A+B o 0 4 so £ OL L 1, 0 1 a) 4 ‘of 4 13 ° o 0 o Aw - R4B Bubbied OR Gate wane gee 2 Negative oR Gute Actve Low OR Goke Woy NAND , NOR gokes are univertal goiter ? (et ur fake om example i. fry Fr OS Using AND, OR,NOT amy 'o0ledin functfon con toe detlgned nent AND, OR, NOT dre called AtBC “Basic @ater” . Sidlodly ony boolean function con be a atey onby NAND gotey| gate & comed “universal gate” becaule we Con dotiyr a bovlean function op ony commplen'lg sag) Haas OND Acted goru wn also be tuplenented owing NIAND opty| e AND Gates af Untvarsol Gates © NAND af NOT Gote © @ NAND Gole a. AND Gate «< « —)-* TY) ArT) AB = AR € ~ LC NAND od AND = ATR Ege- Fe At BC wor B—po B c abe Fs ¢ A Tre figure obove-righk hor sued too wrony NAND gates: Lunn on shraplifieation . lye Be 2 79TP PDP OVO COE EE EEE qe maa nn DPPPPD DDI oe oe ee ee oe ee 2 _fPELE GOOG COU diddiddddddd dd dd Lecture 3 wee ® Dertgn tre fouswing fan ® * Designing aaing walninum ruber AND gate tons uate mint numb& of &- faput NAND Gates NoT galt: F= x @ Fe bebe _ _ _ Fe meee = AFB = BB arp © ceaner (ano) QR Y © Fr ABT ® Fer Ate A Prk B +R (oR) = Mp - BB Analysis of 9O,.0 © OF=AB. = AA + BR re @ Fe pene 2 AA FBC Bu te quaitfom ore St and ©rerseey = Aw FOO of te form ABCD Hen nro: of NAND gates aued Py ak btnree function ore came he. 2), © cero + cd + OF Po eer kK = ew +k B ‘TH a . ABECD+EF am ‘sTopel 6 Ripuk NAND Gates ued,Fe pps+cp+eP == . moe — = BerCD +E ro RB pgecore F c b € =)— e > Aitough Hat rant ts Of — athpat NAND g to He problem given trot stat fo We ory a-inpul NAND Goes correct tout Here’ te an ubtiiration ote whith doa not catty tae easton @ Fe ABT BC + CD +R Fe sBrBe y, CDEDA BNAND 2 NAN : : ae In fokal 9 NAND goter € me yey ustl vowrtobe repeated _ 3 NAN ene Upon wore! Sinigtfeation gates con be reduced) = B(Atc) + DCArc): = a(arrce) + DC ARICE) But on simplifieatton. Fe AB+ BC+ CDt DBA > pcpec) +o(e+a) * (ato CBr) = (pA +C¢) (BB +DD) enue 2 NAND BNAND - Be, FD ie 3 need 3 NANDY: Bower Dw neds ZNANDY nu 4 —, Total” 6 NAND gals QNeand SS EET Topol’ £ NANO Gotes jm Paes a— Anece F ATO SK OWE E 6666 COREE ji at PTRTP TE IPU~4 7? eta) VP PPR re@ Pad iain nuances g 2 tapak MAND Gaker te tmplemunt Fe pec +Dde ec =< & -rIANID gal . , : : Fe aw FRE “ 3 NAND Gates eens an Lecture 4:- Uuntverrat Gases - NOR NOR Gate - > Jt u ce #88 OR gake followed by Nor go Truba Table _ f A+Q+e ea i \ @nor gute af AND gake Ag> KR = Fat ~~ ‘» ps Ye > > >» ~» ~~ ~e > > Logie Sysatbo\, ~e ~~. ~° > ~~? “?S 4 = —> —~2 —> —~ —D SP >f 18 al Taw Twole for Aad eee ees NOR Gate 2 Bubbed AND gate Negative ano gate Active Low PND gate. Lectute 5: Deslaning uding ruinimum muumbee of NOR gules aw PPPVAEWY SWS SHH HHAHAMY : ag y b : i .2- frput NOR gated - @ e-*% (nop @® Fe pep (oe)v Fr @ = a.(er) x es D RIGO = AU) | > FeO _ _=-__ g Be B+ (BO) ae - © Fe Cnseyccs) =~ @B) (c+) aan _ e Gan) + (Ee) = (miKe) = (BB) + (GD) a a bdddd Araygis of © OO pu 3 quuttons ore of sfrdlar form 9 @F =e = HAG W9 @e= A.(eo a (nen) (240 pe (pre) Ccr) ; =) © Re Hent at 3 fancord can be veolized = (R4B)(e4d) = (p48) Co*P) wing 32 NOR Garter Y é ” © fF (P+B+O) (D+ EMODPOQOLOGBH gf e Brce% Fe (a4 arc) Core) Taek Taking ett =* 5 pe (ae myLot) > eS 3nok Tork SNOR gates @ Fe (oeslerv)cerP) a > Grsyccr) - (EF) . wepycrd) c BNOR ae + (EHF) b = cece so 3 MOR . Tobe 6-No8 OM ee PULELEL EEO oo, vtAb+ BE +.CO FBDTAE HOE An @re) (arB+O Qnor Takig pre = @reCAr) 2NOR A(p+e) + B(DtE) + C (dre) Vey B SG 5 o> ! Lecture 06! wee @) Y= MacD , acinput NAND Au: ARroD 9 ABAD Dau S ARICD < R a) 6 | D4 or a aay -y(Aw) = P+ BC ye AREBC > he act ef —_ Quy @ Z> ABE = MB AC A ec Workbook Quetisn 1-5 mee ME py Ae z pe 1D Gate wdalnwan MO" of gatet required tL? Total &-NAND Gates . @ty cera) — yratrod—-2 G+) + Gra) (&A). (HA) 2 Comdeera) PTE DPPYVP¥ WHY FAADAAHAYMN /P7°7 7? Dp ee DD. hd ad 3 Gores” 4 ADI OO?ye ABeeo & L find @ and Gat > e > o a > 1 >| + | ddd ddlUECs Sp Lectne 03: Switching Ciruutt Representation — Botte & urlversal gate Lecture 0}: Switening Gruatt Sepreeerengn ~ aa! “anna 7 ‘ Open switla ——s -—— Logie ‘o > HY closed. svsiton Logie '” . . —. => Bulb gowleg D> logic ‘y! o =) [ite rot goog 2? Logie ‘0’ 7, ation some baie gots # aiting twitches & allit Siting ctruntt Atpaesentation . ap «(AND 2 pools 3"? - 2 bub wit oly ger tf both He cuitdns ahe tose toe crit fo butb wht nat glo ee oo eo rola > + Ib omy ort 2 Dye eae ad Do A ° ° ' \ VUE ‘ y my uty wit glow Tomy of te sattaner ff clored, _7 If cyikee A ig rot chosect Haun au o tre current flows threugh the bath and tre buth glovis. > If swith A le closed Han He attent frost Hersugh A amo bul dow mt glow @® nano > If ang of the cwitees {open tren aldo the warrent flovir Hrreugh = tre bulo onal it glows 2 IE bot He twits are closed Him nteunt Plows Hibergh cuttin & ord B ond bulb soos off . + ® now PP PLPP DVD PWT SESS SS HARA 7 > If both snittuna ake ¢pon Hun cubhent: fous Hareuigh Fhe bulb tS ant it glows. Hants oe dosed auth switees OFF & 24 wy og Hes ditch Harr m7 ED be closed bulb glows PEP fs open bath doer nat glo CONC LusiDNS n tc AND dddddddd dé 7 It svottuus ase tr series Hon operatio > If switdus oe poraltel fp «aur ols fren optratton in OR fur te parattel fo 0 bull tin opscction of switda ic NOT PUREE EEUU UG OO ed diddidid PIE aw swell > i a combination 9} switow hth poxostel fo d bub Hin after solving tt comblhotion put NOT opesatior’ oh Hie CombProtion Ag — € a , 8 oy c > y A ond @ in sola 2 AB Cc and D fn cerieg 3 C.D ABR and 60 paraiet to each ol > BARD P a. cexfes wih &€ D> (bB+c0). (PBtCD) In s @ ) _ ArB).(erd) fn poralsA with €.f > (Are) (ced) + EF fe radccroyrer} Koncert to fn pasaltet toy! but Henee Ye Q+tp)(un) +e A ond & fr parol 2 A+R Cc amd @ Pr poral y C+D @AD) , EP) Ba seria 27 (AFR).CC+D)Lectuseos:- asputet Purpose Gubes ~ XR XOR Gate AA 4 Ex - OR Gate > Encluive OR Gate Logic Sagmbol ‘ =) >" ne ic a = ABTAB | Truth Tea able A 8 | & B | AB AR AOG = Ree ng | 0 ° i L ° ° ° i jo 1 1 ° 1 ° mei 1 Loo ° 1 and 4 i 1 ° 0 a 0 JO° AB Oo 0 oO o 4 1 L oO L 4 24 o 7 XOR gate is o Logic gate where Ce Agr when both “the Lepute ote diffomnt apm as. Lneguol » 7 xoR gue Ho doyle ee eS WA ot Loge Low when both He Lnputt ase bork OA In Tneqyaltty detector > xoR gore 14 aldo cattedt bneguntity detector of the output ts at hogte Wigh (oerert) for trequnt Spur. armen aemera a | 74 f ve PIP wee arg e y ié F ao OF S| A Bic © No: uF @ODOC| aiec Comer oe ee ° ; ow ae oro |e | ia Le °O 14 | oat a a L L 1 0 0 : bod a to 4 5 hdl ce a ° | L j 4 ° ke i 3 | equations com isting XOR application Br} te wo of a's ino bogie Moe irae is odd “Hun output u t df even, re 4s 0 f&:- 0@1@1@0@1 O08! an Numba git Ps ever Puree aruwar =O > (XOR ui also called odd r0- 4 se debector Some Resui of X08 sy 88 2 BS + h0 = h 1 7 AOR & frequal inputs = 1 B yD 2 RO+tAL =A A, ype > ° CULLLEEULLGOO oe dled dddiddddddd ddd @ AOL - *® © AOR eL ®r»o07 * Q OF - 6® Ps Aww AOC = @ bf nepec me 5 a“ hoe co given coensecoudhe noe = n@(A@B) > nok -¥ ‘K = B - ee (13 A®R=0) § = Q ro If p@eec ten BR ~? 6 cee = (OR)OB ee be exchange = p@veese > hOBHEC ~ = A®od = A AOR=C thn AORAL =% AOR@c = cOc = 0 Co Cem ace Raquel input) 797 =, “2 LVI FT .Cbd edd dddddddddd dldd PEULVLEEELGOGY & . ° 7 = xNOR. Ex-NOR Gate > Exclusive NOR Gore of: gate > SE U an xoR gat foucwed by NOT Ff Sy pOB = AB + RE b > xXNOR gate A a dope gate aR Ce ae hen both te drputd ase done 5 at unt xNOR gate is a Legh gate whos entput, + 1g Cow potian poly te Input ans traqual 7 XNOR gain deteuts eqyal Enpult = " EQUALITY DETECTOR? > odh no of S's TE_odd no: of Enpus -Some Rests of XNOR SD— po AOR = @ s00 =F @® pon -0 @® ror> ® “64 ** A@BOc = AOKOC AOCOCOWE = AOROcOno_E ROeS= AOR PORSCOP— ABO N@®R@cOp = *OROcoo ?) ADR. = Ge QRH QPP IIPT PTD DTD DPD DVN DOW EC EE OE 2 fgQ if Ogee ce hm aoe =? Pe exchanged Am poe = FOB OL 3 ADR Ee = 108 = 8 . Coe=? © If AOBS Cc then san be en Ane CoR= AOCROB ; 2 AOB=C = Aes g If AOB=c Hen AOBOE =? few 88S AQRoc = Coc KOB= ASR AOR = A@Bw FOB = AoB CELULVEVOUOLODGDODCCEE EEE SSS SSS SE; Lecture 10 2- Wodkbook Quan Onn T a> A : Given x24 € & wnat fe the Prput condtifon “C DT a of (A,B,C) =? « . « “ . rt «< Aw xX fe 1 tf fapuk te He AND fe alk Lr. © > Cts 4 © > poceit > Bed « > pew=t 9 PO r (a.b.ode Or. € ” =p > — s P AGG 4. AGE | >- 2 & . a 2 2 —- A+R ns ; = R ee eS "D— es SD Fon o | s SD— nor g, rc _ x We know me KE v a8 R : - Ae Ree > PEa SO -k D-R-3, 8-4 A@R= FOR & = ~ hOR= AOR ‘ Q8Y Larter one of dow not -de Aepreiunt excuuive NOR of aye wy ay rey = 20 & @ «Gy = oy . © *~Oy - »oy & ww roy ~ ey et o. S iy SD &a ~~? 3 Boek : iG Fo= (OB) (nos) O& = (A@8) 0 (ROB) OF = x OxXOe = ooCc DD B for eel 220 XOR gate. Cadconed. we > 1OX = ye +» 1@%* ye 5 K@x = x wt iy K Ox ed x 4 =—2 oy 21 @ Xe OrgO *y =O =F ny. Sine ‘there ove UY variables and KOR fs odd no: of 14 detector output fy 0 Wien HEAR OAL even nd Of 1s om ee Ha KH | Mea Ry , : whitch val out Ht A > ' t toy L wR OH | hs + > * i . \ ' ‘ tohidn rw out 1 =? option. - my we MS TH yee a — . \ at hd LwWin Yule owe Oth ° \ 1 ° \ option, a 24 option & always vend,Leda Lh i> dupteaeing CARAT Ufemnnane” B Sas SE ENOR Gate Leds ee ; opm > on 'o ¢ Simple svortde tote > onc ‘4 Two Wry Sith y Ho connected to b- Han, oFF s-lo” G) oC) ho comedcted to © . Ham ON S2'f 7 S XNOR Representation 1 f tows ef Her dhe Trt buth wilt gus ony if Hie uarrent fol PHrer ved pots oy He green path. PUPP PUVO OWE AE “6 76, AHAA Teuts_table Red > Slab) & S,Ca-+) as y Gran > $ Ca-e) & S$, Ca-O a + @-b) ret O ° . 4 S @-0 mim 4 i . , = XOR Representation _ or b c ». e a » SN we i | Rech + $,Ca-b) % Sf-9) e Deen stad S00) + FSLeceure 13: Special, Case bh vadriynnnn rubs J NAND & NOR gales AB4cD cone be fuplementul using 3 Qinput NAND Gate gota QB) Cos) wm be brplmuntid tng 5 aera Design of XOR suing AND Gate A®@B = AB + AB fruplemented fr ob NAND: gote Assuming BH con be "4 - so > Bt OY Cone =A, y=B) ene teapernented wuding 3 NAND ples 9 & fotok of 5 NAND gabe ort pegured to Prnplemont OR CCCOEC CPPCC ECECESE ake g “BUT” A gfrpiifieation create o spectol cole WhAL XOR can be ~> foupreraunted wang LY NANDd goats only ° ° 2 KOR using NAND fh UW gutes = y a > . AOR 3 2 : XNOR wading 5 NAND gore — = . ROB > a ° 2D XNOR vainy 4 NOR gore =D = ° _ B A@E &NOR gates A J >> roe : ~~ ont 46-646 4 88 Lecture th + Workbook Quusttons (15 - 15) wee eee S8Y winirum no QE afapat NAND gates required to Praplemont rOy =U fh ond G input ont not avilable Now fF % oma F inputs one ovellable tan 2Nanp gate xOy = Ky ty Ge tT. pre = 204, el ’ a pay 27,ste forward biased LED wit glow Lep vot be forward biases % Y=O fie Doedt enait Ught frveapective for the systtele positions. Lecture 15: Workbook Questions (1-14) Based on Propegostion Detou ¥ = Quy : — B . . Alt. gates tawe a prepeaton : 2 dey + sone. 9 Ae © Initio “ re A=c=0 ond Re1L At t=O frput 3 becet, B= For £20, output 2 ~ dur otton oe 1 for Splution on next poge. = 2 3 = SD Ss S DP - - - 2 2 3 &1 \ eons | ae ayiey G20 KOR gates fin dla resive ng olay. pat > Ao \ DP PPPPPPRPPRPAPDLL ML LEA AB EBSAAAAKAK KE KRA KK Kp> 2 g > PF > go 2 o WOU GCE ALA LL SSS SSSA ES 2 eT 1 u ‘ 1 1 ! Amer transiton fr be woneform of Bhe Lectus 36 s- Ring CuctUaor & Wogkbook Quatioy (20-21) > Rig Oxfuatr £ allo called as clock geetatr or guare waveform guuantor . Lo o/s fo A Ring oseiledor fod oad no. Of NOT gotes de & be Hime delay Of g fast NOT gate 2 For tue oulpat fo charge it bakes at Hme oes oukput tO LT | <—34t —> 2(3st) = eat | Time Perfod Tint Period of square wowte gen = 2(3at) - I I TP (304) frea, of sq, woowe generoded = "The perfod of Hu off % te ang adel Lodor contafning Gro gy NOT gates with ‘at? the propagation delay Y each NOT gate yo= antt ond frequsrey = 1/anat oT ft AE = tOopien cee Aw neo T= Qnot qi x 4 ~ Lb th ry apace Bx SX Voox 107” 4 = Lb cI . 7 ©ue ° poe Given freq = (OMH2 Era dulay of eau fravereer. pas pe 1OMHE = 10 x 108 da. fo be \ os 108 anat Axo OF \ - CHD ew Io x04 be Tog = loms PRULLEL LGD DCO did ddiddid df SISSIES EE