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C_Language_Revision_Notes

C is a high-level procedural programming language created by Dennis Ritchie in 1972, essential for system-level programming. Key concepts include tokens, data types, control statements, functions, pointers, and memory management. The document also outlines the differences between structures and unions, as well as provides a memory trick for recalling important C language components.

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4 views3 pages

C_Language_Revision_Notes

C is a high-level procedural programming language created by Dennis Ritchie in 1972, essential for system-level programming. Key concepts include tokens, data types, control statements, functions, pointers, and memory management. The document also outlines the differences between structures and unions, as well as provides a memory trick for recalling important C language components.

Uploaded by

hu33ai9
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© © All Rights Reserved
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C Language Quick Revision Notes

1. What is C Language?

C is a high-level, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. It is foundational for

system-level programming.

2. Tokens in C:

Tokens are the smallest units in a program, categorized as Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Operators, Special

symbols, and Strings.

3. Keywords:

Reserved words in C such as int, return, void, etc.

4. Variables and Constants:

Variable: Named storage (e.g., int x = 10;)

Constant: Immutable value (e.g., const int y = 5; or #define PI 3.14)

5. Data Types:

Basic: int, float, char, double

Derived: arrays, pointers, functions

User-defined: struct, union, enum

Void: indicates absence of value

6. Operators:

- Unary: ++, --

- Binary: Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %), Relational (<, >, ==), Logical (&&, ||, !)

- Ternary: condition ? true : false

7. Input/Output Functions:

- scanf("%d", &x); printf("x = %d", x);

- getchar(); putchar('A');

8. Control Statements (with Definitions):

- if: Executes a block if condition is true.


- else: Executes when 'if' condition is false.

- switch: Allows multi-way branching.

- for: Repeats block with initialization, condition, and update.

- while: Entry-controlled loop executing while condition is true.

- do-while: Exit-controlled loop; executes at least once.

- break: Terminates loop or switch prematurely.

- continue: Skips current iteration and proceeds to next loop cycle.

9. Arrays:

Collection of same data type.

- Declaration: int a[5];

- 2D Array: int mat[2][2];

10. Strings:

Array of characters ending with ''.

- Functions: strlen(), strcpy()

11. Functions:

Reusable code block. Syntax: return_type func_name(params)

- Call by Value: Passes value (no change to original)

- Call by Reference: Passes address (original can change)

12. Pointers:

Holds address of another variable.

- Syntax: int *p = &x;

13. malloc and free:

Dynamic memory allocation and deallocation.

14. Structures:

User-defined type with multiple data fields.

- Access: struct student s; s.id = 1;


15. Unions:

Similar to structures but share memory.

- Only one member holds value at a time.

16. Difference: Structure vs Union:

Structure allocates separate memory for each member; Union shares same memory. Structure can store multiple

values; Union only one at a time.

17. Enum:

Used to define named integer constants.

Memory Trick: KOD VIC CAFS PUS

(Knowledge, Operators, Data types, Variables, Input/Output, Control, Arrays, Functions, Strings, Pointers, Union,

Structure)

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