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Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes

Chapter 1 of the document covers fundamental concepts of chemistry, including the importance of chemistry in various fields, the nature and classification of matter, and properties of matter along with their measurement. It discusses laws of chemical combinations, Dalton's atomic theory, atomic and molecular masses, the mole concept, percentage composition, and stoichiometry. The chapter emphasizes the significance of precision, accuracy, and the use of balanced equations in chemical calculations.

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4 views2 pages

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes

Chapter 1 of the document covers fundamental concepts of chemistry, including the importance of chemistry in various fields, the nature and classification of matter, and properties of matter along with their measurement. It discusses laws of chemical combinations, Dalton's atomic theory, atomic and molecular masses, the mole concept, percentage composition, and stoichiometry. The chapter emphasizes the significance of precision, accuracy, and the use of balanced equations in chemical calculations.

Uploaded by

chaharvr0307
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

1.1 Importance of Chemistry

- Chemistry connects physics, biology, geology, environment.

- Applications: food (preservatives), health (medicines), industry (polymers), agriculture (fertilizers),

environment (pollution control).

1.2 Nature of Matter

- Matter: has mass, occupies space.

- Classification:

- By state: solid, liquid, gas.

- By composition:

- Pure substances: elements, compounds.

- Mixtures: homogeneous, heterogeneous.

1.3 Properties of Matter and Their Measurement

- Physical properties: color, melting point.

- Chemical properties: reactivity.

- SI units: mass (kg), length (m), time (s), temp (K), mole (mol).

- Mass != weight.

1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement

- Precision: closeness among repeated values.

- Accuracy: closeness to true value.

- Significant figures: meaningful digits.

- Scientific notation: N × 10^n.


1.5 Laws of Chemical Combinations

- Conservation of Mass, Definite Proportions, Multiple Proportions, Gay-Lussac's Law, Avogadro's Law.

1.6 Dalton's Atomic Theory

- Matter made of atoms, indivisible, identical for element, combine in whole numbers.

1.7 Atomic and Molecular Masses

- Atomic mass (u), molecular mass = sum of atomic masses.

1.8 Mole Concept and Molar Masses

- Mole = 6.022×10^23 entities, molar mass in g/mol.

1.9 Percentage Composition

- % Element = (Mass of element / Molar mass) × 100.

1.10 Stoichiometry and Calculations

- Use balanced equations, mole ratios.

- Limiting reagent: used up first.

- % Yield = (Actual / Theoretical) ×100.

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