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Class9,Matterinoursurroundings Notes2025 26.PDF

The document provides notes for a Chemistry class on the topic of 'Matter in our Surroundings' for Class IX. It covers definitions, characteristics, and properties of matter, including states of matter, diffusion, and interconversion of states, along with various examples and explanations. Additionally, it discusses concepts like evaporation, humidity, and the cooling effects of different substances.

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1 views5 pages

Class9,Matterinoursurroundings Notes2025 26.PDF

The document provides notes for a Chemistry class on the topic of 'Matter in our Surroundings' for Class IX. It covers definitions, characteristics, and properties of matter, including states of matter, diffusion, and interconversion of states, along with various examples and explanations. Additionally, it discusses concepts like evaporation, humidity, and the cooling effects of different substances.

Uploaded by

rizafatin07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M.E.S INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA - QATAR


Notes-1 2025- 2026
Section : Boys /Girls Date : 06-05-2025
Class & Div.: IX (All Divisions) Subject: Chemistry

Lesson / Topic: L-1 Matter in our Surroundings


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MATTER-CHARACTERISTICS
1.What is meant by matter?
Ans- Anything that possesses mass and occupies space is called matter. Eg-Chair, air, almonds etc
2. What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
Ans- The particles of matter have space between them.
The particles of matter attract each other.
The particles of matter are continuously moving.
The particles of matter are very small.
3. Give reason for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell of
cold food you have to go close.
Ans- It is because at higher temperature, the kinetic energy of the molecules are high
and hence, rate of diffusion is higher. But at lower temperature, rate of diffusion is low.
4. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does
this observation show?
Ans-This shows that the particles of water have space between them and has less force of attraction.
5. Define diffusion.
Ans-The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion.
STATES OF MATTER
6. Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.

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7. A rubber band can change its shape on stretching? Is it a solid?


Ans-A rubber band changes shape under force and regains the same shape when the
force is removed(elasticity). So it is a solid .
8. Sponge is a solid yet we are able to compress it. why?
Ans-A sponge has minute holes in which air is trapped. So, when we press it, the air
is expelled out and we are able to compress it.
9.GIVE REASONS FOR THE FOLLOWING
a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
Ans-In gases the kinetic energy of particles is very high and force of attraction is very
low [Diffusion is more].
b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container
Ans- In gases, the particles have high Kinetic Energy and force of attraction is very low. So
the particles move randomly with high speed and hit each other and also the walls
of the container. (Pressure is the force exerted per unit area )
c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
Ans- Wooden tables have a definite shape and fixed volume. They are rigid and have
negligible compressibility. Since it shows all the properties of solid, it is called a solid.
d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood
we need a Karate expert.
Ans- In air(gas) the space between the particles is large and the force of attraction
between the particles are less. So, the particles move easily. Hence it is easy to move
our hand in air. But in solid block the particles are very closely packed and the force of attraction
between the particles is very high. So, we cannot move our hand through the solid block.
e) Liquid generally have lower density as compared to solid. But you must have observed
that ice floats on water.
Ans-When water freezes to form ice, some empty space is created in solid ice (which were not
present in liquid water) giving it a cage-like structure. Due to this, the volume of ice becomes more than
that of water. Because of its greater volume, the density (mass per unit volume) of ice decreases. And
due to its lower density than water, ice floats on water (even though it is a solid).
10. Comment on the following
Rigidity-It is the inability of a substance to change shape. .
Compressibility-The property of matter due to which its volume can be reduced by applying force is
called compressibility.
Fluidity-It is the ability of matter to flow.
Filling a gas container-Gases occupy the volume and shape of the container.

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Shape- It indicates distinct boundaries.


Kinetic energy-It is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion.
Density-It s defined as mass per unit volume.
INTERCONVERSION OF DIFFERENT STATES OF MATTER
11.Define the following
a. Melting point
Ans-It is the temperature at which the solids melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure.
b. Boiling point
Ans- The temperature at which the liquid boils to become a gas at its atmospheric pressure is called its
boiling point.
c. Latent heat of fusion
Ans-The amount of heat energy required to change 1 Kg of solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its
melting point is known as latent heat of fusion.
d. Latent heat of vapourisation
Ans-The amount of heat energy required to change 1 Kg of liquid into gas at its boiling point at
atmospheric pressure is called latent heat of vapourisation.
e. Sublimation
Ans- The process of changing solid into gas without changing into liquid state is known as sublimation.
Eg. for substances which undergo sublimation-Camphor, Naphthalene, Ammonium chloride.
12.Draw a schematic diagram of the interconversion of 3 states of matter.

13.Why is ice at 0° celsius (273 Kelvin) more effective in cooling than water at the same
temperature ?
Ans-Ice at 273 K will absorb heat energy, equivalent to the latent heat of fusion from the surroundings.
The water at the same temperature does not absorb this heat energy. Therefore the cooling effect of
ice more than water at 273K.
14.What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Ans-Steam has more energy than boiling water. It possesses the additional latent heat of
vapourisation. So when steam falls on the skin, it gives more heat than boiling water at the same
temperature. So burns are more severe in case of steam.
15.Define temperature ? What is its S.I. unit ?
Ans- It is the measure of hotness in a substance. S.I unit of temperature is Kelvin.
16.Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale.
a) 300 K b) 573 K
Ans- a) 300 K= 300 - 273 = 27°C
b)573 K = 573 – 273 = 300 0 C
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17.Convert the following temperature to kelvin scale.


a)25°C a) 373°C
Ans-a) 25°C= 25+273= 298 K
b)373°C= 373+273 = 646K
18.What is the physical state of water at:
a)25 0 C - Liquid
b)0 0 C- Both solid and liquid will co -exist
c)100 O C-Both liquid and gas will co-exist
19.For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state? Ans-
It is due to latent heat. The heat supplied is used up to change the state of that substance by
overcoming the force of attraction between the particles. Hence, the temperature remains constant.
20.Give reason for the following observation.
a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
Ans- Naphthalene undergoes sublimation. (changes directly to gaseous state).
b)We get the smell of perfume sitting several meters away.
Ans-We get the smell because they are highly volatile(low boiling point due to weak intermolecular
attractive force) liquids. So they diffuse quite fast.
21.Give two ways by which we can liquefy a gas.
Ans- We can liquefy a gas by reducing temperature and increasing pressure.
22.Write the difference between evaporation &boiling.
Ans-
EVAPORATION BOILING
It takes place at all temperature below It takes place only at boiling point.
the boiling point.
It causes cooling. It does not cause any cooling.

It is a surface phenomenon. It is a bulk phenomenon.

It is a natural phenomenon. It is not a natural phenomenon.

23.Define evaporation. List the factors on which the rate of evaporation depends. Also explain how
it depends on each of them.
Ans- The phenomenon of change of liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is
called evaporation.
Factors Affecting Evaporation:
Surface Area:- Greater the surface area greater is the rate of evaporation.
Eg:- Tea becomes cold faster in a saucer than a cup.
Temperature:- Higher the temperature, more will be the rate of
evaporation.
Eg:- Clothes dry faster when kept under the sun.
Windspeed:- Higher the windspeed more will be the rate of evaporation.
Eg:- Clothes dry up faster on a windy day.
Humidity:- Lesser the humidity more will be the rate of evaporation.
Eg:-Clothes dry up slowly on a rainy day because humidity is high.
24.What is humidity?
Ans - Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in the air.
25.Why does a desert cool better on a hot, dry day?
Ans- It is because on a hot and dry day the temperature is high and humidity is low which enables
better evaporation. High levels of evaporation provides better cooling effect.

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26.How does the water kept in an earthen pot become cool during summer?
Ans -The earthen pot is full of small pores. The water kept in the earthen pot has a tendency to
evaporates through the pores at a faster rate during summer. The heat required for evaporation is taken
from water inside the pot, thus cooling the water stored inside.
27.Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Ans-When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates. During
evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surface of the palm, making the
surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold when we put some acetone or petrol on it.
28.Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Ans-We are able to sip tea or milk faster from a saucer because it has large surface area than the cup.
When the surface area is large, the rate of evaporation is faster due to which tea or milk cools rapidly.
29.What type of clothes should we wear in summer? Why?
Ans-We should wear cotton clothes in summer. Because during summer, we sweat more.
Cotton being a good absorber of water helps in absorbing the sweat and exposing it to the
atmosphere for easy evaporation.
30.Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice-cold water? Ans.
The water vapour present in the air, on coming in contact with the cold glass of water, loses energy
and gets condensed to liquid state.
31.What is dry ice? How is it stored?
Ans- It is solid CO2.It is stored under high pressure.
32. Give two reasons to justify—
(a) water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Ans- a) It is because :
(i) water has a fixed volume but no fixed shape (The two general properties of liquids)
(b) It is because :
an almirah has a fixed shape and fixed volume. (The two general properties of solids)

********************THE END*********************

F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020

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