6 Rate and Ratio

6 Rate and Ratio Let’s Try (p.83)

Let x be the actual distance between A and B.
Let’s Try (p.82) 1 = 2.5 cm
200 000 x
Let x km be the distance the train travelled in 2 hours.
x 500 000 cm
=
40 = x
10 2 # 60 x = 5000 m
x = 480 x = 5 km
∴ The train travelled 480 km in 2 hours. ∴ The actual distance between A and B is 5 km.

Let’s Try (p.82)

1. Ratio of the marks of Sharon and Anthony Concept Builder (p.83)

= 90 : 42 1. False
= 15 : 7 ‘ 12 second ’ and ‘ 100 m ’ are the comparison of two
quantities of different kinds. The relationship between
them is expressed by rate.
2. Let x g be the weight of the flour.
x
= 3 2. True
250 2
3 ‘length 20 cm’ and ‘width 12 cm’ are the comparison
x = 250 × 2 of two quantities of the same kind. The relationship
between them is expressed by ratio.
x = 375
∴ The weight of the flour is 375 g.
3. False

3. ∵ 33 : 9 : x = y : 3 : 8
4. False
33 y
∴ =
9 3 3x = 5y
33 x = 5
y = 9 #3
y 3
y = 11 ∴ x:y=5:3
9 3
and x = 8
5. True
9
x = 3 #8 1 mm
1 mm : 3 km = 3 km
x = 24 1 mm
=
3 # 1000 # 100 # 10 mm

4. a:b=2:5 =
1
3 000 000
b:c=4:3
= 1 : 3 000 000
a:b =2×4:5×4
b:c= 4×5:3×5
6. False
a : b : c = 8 : 20 : 15
1 m2 = 1 × 100 × 100 cm2
= 10 000 cm2

7. True

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HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Exam Revision Exercises for Mathematics (Junior Secondary Topics) (Third Edition) Solution Guide

8. False Average speed of James

In general case, for k ≠ 0, 20
= 2.5 km/h
(i) a : b ≠ (a + k) : (b + k);
= 8 km/h > 7.2 km/h
(ii) a : b ≠ (a - k) : (b - k);
∴ James is faster. [1]
(iii) (a + k) : (b + k) ≠ (a - k) : (b - k).

4. ∵ 100 JPY = 10.2 HKD

Guidelines
100
Candidates can try to substitute some values ∴ 1 HKD = 10.2 JPY
to verify if the expressions are correct or
not. For example, substitute a = 2, b = 3, 1 AUD = 8.13 HKD
k = 1. 100
= 8.13 ×
10.2 JPY
= 80 JPY (cor. to the nearest JPY)
Instant Drill (p.84) The answer is A.
1. The number of full time students in the college is x. [1A]
5. (6y – 2x) : (x + 2y) = 8 : 7
3
The number of part time students is 7 x . 6y – 2x 8
=
x + 2y 7
3
x + 600 = 7 x + 2500 [1M + 1A] 42y – 14x = 8x + 16y
7x = 3x + 13 300 22x = 26y
4x = 13 300 x 13
=
y 11
x = 3325 [1A]
x : y = 13 : 11
∴ The number of full time students is 3325.
The answer is D.

2. Actual area 6. Let x be the number of sets of lunch B they ordered.

= 4.5 × 50 000 × 50 000 cm 2
[1M + 1A] 32(7) + 38x
= 34.5
2 7+x
= 11 250 000 000 cm [1A]
2
224 + 38x = 241.5 + 34.5x
= 1.125 km [1A]
3.5x = 17.5
x=5
3. (a) From the travel graph, James was at rest from
8:23 am to 9:05 am. He was at rest for: They ordered 5 sets of lunch B.

(65 – 23) min The answer is B.

= 42 min [1A]
y
(b) Let x km be the distance to city P when James and 7.
2
∵ x = 2 and z = y
Kitty met. 3
x y 2
18
[1M + 1A] ∴ (x + y) : (y + z) = ` 2 + y j : c y + y m
75 = 150 3

x=9 =
3:5
2 3
∴ James and Kitty met when they are 9 km to city P.
[1A] = 9 : 10

(c) Average speed of Kitty The answer is C.

18
= 2.5 km/h [1M]

= 7.2 km/h

54
 6 Rate and Ratio

Alternative Method: 4. ∵ 1 CNY = 1.23 HKD

x:y =1×3:2×3 1
∴ 1 HKD = 1.23 CNY [1A]
y:z= 3×2:2×2
1 CHF = 8.37 HKD
∴ x:y:z=3:6:4
1
(x + y) : (y + z) = (3 + 6) : (6 + 4) = 8.37 ×
1.23 CNY [1M]
= 9 : 10 = 6.80 CNY (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) [1A]
The answer is C.

5. a 1 HKD = 144 KRW

Guidelines
1
` 1 KRW = HKD [1M]
Use an unknown (y) to express the other 144
unknowns (x and z).
a 100 JPY = 6.25 HKD
100
` 1 HKD = JPY [1M]
6.25
1
100 KRW = 100 × HKD
Mock Questions (p.89) 144
100 100
= × JPY [1M]
144 6.25
Conventional Questions = 11.1 JPY (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) [1A]

Section A(1)
6. 8a + 3b = 5a + 7b
1. (a) Hourly salary
3a = 4b [1M]
= $400 ÷ 8
a 4
= $50 [1A] b = 3 [1A]
(b) Weekly salary ∴ a:b=4:3 [1A]
= $50 × 36 [1M]
= $1800 [1A] 7. ∵ x:y=5:4
4
∴ y = 5x [1M]
2. (a) Typing speed
= 165 ÷ 5 words/min 2x + 3y = 22

= 33 words/min [1A] 4
2x + 3 c x m = 22 [1A]
5
(b) Number of Chinese words typed in half an hour
10x + 12x = 110
= 33 × 30 [1M]
22x = 110
= 990 [1A]
x=5 [1A]

3. ∵ 1 EUR = 10.38 HKD

7x + 6y
1 8. 5y - 2x 3
=
∴ 1 HKD = 10.38 EUR [1A]
7x + 6y = 15y - 6x [1M]
100 CAD = 7.71 × 100 HKD
13x = 9y
= 771 HKD
x 9
1 = [1A]
= 771 × y 13
10.38 EUR [1M]
∴ x : y = 9 : 13 [1A]
= 74 EUR (cor. to the nearest EUR) [1A]

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HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Exam Revision Exercises for Mathematics (Junior Secondary Topics) (Third Edition) Solution Guide

9. (3a + b) : (a + b) = 5 : 3 4 
3  y
3a + b 5 3x 3 
= [1M] = [1M]
a+ b 3 2y 2y
4y
9a + 3b = 5a + 5b =
2y
4a = 2b 2
=
a = 1 1
[1M]
b 2 ` 3x : 2y = 2 : 1 [1A]
∴ a:b=1:2 [1A]
12. x:y =3×3:2×3
[1M]
10. ∵ 3x - 2y = 0 y:z= 3×2:7×2

∴
2
x = 3y [1M] ∴ x : y : z = 9 : 6 : 14 [1A]

2x + y
y 4y
3x + y 13. ∵ x = and z =
2 7
2c 2 y m + y ∴ (y - x) : (y - z)
3
= [1M]
2
3c y m + y y 4y
3 = `y - j : cy - m [1M + 1M]
2 7
4y + 3y 1:3
= =
6y + 3y 2 7
7 =7:6 [1A]
=
9
∴ (2x + y) : (3x + y) = 7 : 9 [1A] Guidelines
Candidates can use the following method to
Guidelines check the answer:
Candidates can use the following method to x:y =1×7:2×7
check the answer:
y:z= 7×2:4×2
∵ 3x – 2y = 0
∴ x : y : z = 7 : 14 : 8
∴ x:y=2:3
(y – x) : (y – z)
Let x = 2 and y = 3.
= (14 – 7) : (14 – 8)
(2x + y) : (3x + y)
=7:6
= [2(2) + 3] : [3(2) + 3]
=7:9
14. ∵ 3x = 2y
∴ x:y=2:3 [1A]
11. (4x – 5y) : (2y – x) = 1 : 2 ∵ 2y = 4z
4x – 5y 1 ∴ y:z=2:1 [1A]
= [1M]
2y – x 2
8x – 10y = 2y – x x:y =2×2:3×2
[1M]
9x = 12y y:z= 2×3:1×3

4 ∴ x:y:z=4:6:3 [1A]
x= y [1M]
3

56
 6 Rate and Ratio

4y 8x 4n
15. ∵ y =
2x
and z = = [1M] 20. Young has n marbles, then Keith has 11 marbles. [1A]
3 5 15
x+ y 4n + 15 m
∴ n - 15 = 2 c [1M + 1A]
x+ z 11
11n - 165 = 8n + 330
x + 2x
3
= [1M + 1M] 3n = 495
x+ x8
15 n = 165 [1A]
15x + 10x
=
15x + 8x
21. Let x m be the original length of gold ribbon. [1A]
= 25 [1A] 5
23 Then the original length of silver ribbon is 6 x m.

5
3b 9a x+4= 6 x+6 [1M + 1A]
16. ∵ b = 3a and c = 2 = 2 [1M]
6x = 5x + 12
∴ 7c - 24a = 15
x = 12 [1A]
9a m
7c - 24a = 15 [1M]
2 ∴ The original length of gold ribbon is 12 m.
63a - 48a = 30
15a = 30 22. Let x be the number of coins. [1A]
a=2 [1A] 5x 2x
1 × 5 + 2 + 2 × 5 + 2 = 63 [1M + 1A]

5x + 4x = 441
17. Amount that Mathew invests
9x = 441
2
= $15 000 × [1M + 1A]
2+ 3 x = 49 [1A]
= $6000 [1A] ∴ Total number of coins is 49.

18. Largest angle of the triangle 23. Actual distance

3 = 4.5 × 20 000 cm [1M]
= 180° × [1M + 1A]
1+ 2+ 3
= 90 000 cm [1A]
= 90° [1A]
= 900 m
= 0.9 km [1A]
2n
19. Lily has n candies and Nancy has 3 candies. [1A]

2n 24. Let x cm be the distance of two schools on the map.

n-5= 3 +5 [1M]
x cm 1
= [1M]
3n - 15 = 2n + 15 822 m 6000
x cm 1
n = 30 [1A] =
82 200 cm 6000
6000x = 82 200 [1M]
Common Mistakes
x = 13.7 [1A]
Some candidates only consider the decrease
of the number of Lily’s candies but forget The distance of two schools on the map is 13.7 cm.
that the number of Nancy’s candies increases
at the same time. They mistakenly write
2n
n-5= 3 .

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HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Exam Revision Exercises for Mathematics (Junior Secondary Topics) (Third Edition) Solution Guide

25. Actual area Section A(2)

= 5.8 × 4000 × 4000 cm2 [1M + 1M]
30. (a) From the travel graph, Kevin was at rest from
= 92 800 000 cm2 [1A] 9:10 am to 9:18 am. He was at rest for:
= 9280 m2 [1A] (18 – 10) min [1M]
= 8 min [1A]
26. Area on the floor plan (b) Average speed
1 1 1200 ' 1000
= 100 × × 2 = km/h [1M]
400 400 m [1M + 1M] 0.5

= 0.000 625 m2 [1A] = 2.4 km/h [1A]

= 6.25 cm2 (c) From the travel graph, we can observe that from the
[1A]
line segment CD, the slope is larger than that of AB.
Thus, the speed of Kevin is higher from C to D. [2]
27. Let 1 : x be the scale of the map.
12 4 cm2 31. (a) From the travel graph, Harrison was at rest from
2 = [1M]
x 3600 m2 10:30 am to 10:40 am. He was at rest for:
1 4 cm2 (40 – 30) min
2 =
x 3600 × 100 × 100 cm2 = 10 min [1A]
1 1
2 = [1M] (b) Suppose that Harrison and Celine met at a distance
x 9 000 000
of x km to city A.
x = 3000 [1M] 15 - x 15 - 3
The scale of the map is 1 : 3000. [1A] 45 = 90
15 – x = 6 [1M + 1A]
Guidelines x=9
The areas should be expressed in the same ∴ Celine and Harrison met when they are 9 km to
unit. city A. [1A]
(c) For the period 10:45 to 11:30,
Celine’s distance travelled = (9 – 3) km [1M]
8x + 3y = 6 km
28. x+ y
=6 [1M]
Harrison’s distance travelled = (15 – 9) km
8x + 3y = 6x + 6y [1M] = 6 km
2x = 3y Since the distances travelled by Celine and Harrison
x 3 are the same, their average speeds are the same.
y
=
2 [1A]
∴ Leon is not correct. [1]
∴ x:y=3:2 [1A]

Multiple-choice Questions
7 ^1 + 10%h x + 4 ^1 - 20%h y
29. =5 [1M] Section A
x+ y
7(1.1)x + 4(0.8)y = 5x + 5y 32. ∵ 1 USD = 7.78 HKD
7.7x + 3.2y = 5x + 5y [1M] 1
∴ 1 HKD = 7.78 USD
2.7x = 1.8y
100 EUR = 100 × 10.48 HKD
x 2
y
=
3 [1A] = 1048 HKD
1
∴ x:y=2:3 [1A] = 1048 ×
7.78 USD
= 135 USD (cor. to the nearest USD)
The answer is D.

58
 6 Rate and Ratio

33. ∵ 100 JPY = 8.51 HKD 38. (a + b) : (5a - 2b) = 4 : 3

100 a+ b 4
∴ 1 HKD = 8.51 JPY 5a - 2 b
=
3
1 AUD = 8.11 HKD 3a + 3b = 20a - 8b
100 11b = 17a
= 8.11 ×
8.51 JPY
a 11
=
= 95 JPY (cor. to the nearest JPY) b 17
The answer is C. ∴ a : b = 11 : 17
The answer is A.
34. Average speed in that 8 hours
95 # 5 + 75 # 3 39. 7y - 5x = 0
=
8 km/h
5x = 7y
= 87.5 km/h
7y
The answer is D. x=
5
7y
2c m- y
Guidelines 2x - y 5
= 7y
The numerator is the total distance the train x- y
-y
travelled. 5
14y - 5y
=
7y - 5y

35. Price of the mixture =

9
2
12 # 60 + 15 # 30
=$ /g ∴ (2x - y) : (x - y) = 9 : 2
60 + 30
= $13/g The answer is B.
The answer is B.
40. 643x = 32y
36. x + 3y = 21x - 20y 218x = 25y
23y = 20x 18x = 5y
x 23 x 5
= =
y 20 y 18
∴ x : y = 23 : 20 ∴ x : y = 5 : 18
The answer is D. The answer is C.

Guidelines
7x + 4y
37. =9
5x – 2y 64 = 26, 32 = 25.
7x + 4y = 45x - 18y
22y = 38x
2
41. a y = x and z = 4x
x
=
11 3
y 19
` (z – 3y) : (z – x)
∴ x : y = 11 : 19
2 
= 4x – 3 x  : (4x – x)
The answer is A. 3 
= 2x : 3x
=2:3
The answer is C.

59
HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Exam Revision Exercises for Mathematics (Junior Secondary Topics) (Third Edition) Solution Guide

45. Actual area of the island

MC Shortcut
= 9 × 50 000 × 50 000 cm2
Let x = 3, y = 2 and z = 3(4) = 12.
= 2.25 × 1010 cm2
(z – 3y) : (z – x) = [12 – 3(2)] : (12 – 3)
=6:9 = 2.25 × 106 m2 1 m2 = (100)2 cm2 = 10 000 cm2
=2:3 The answer is B.

46. Actual distance

5y 5y
42. ∵ x = and z = = 2.6 × 40 000 cm
3 9
= 104 000 cm
5y 5y
x- y+ z - y+ = 1040 m
3 9
∴ x + y - z = 5y 5y
+ y- = 1.04 km
3 9
The answer is B.
15y - 9y + 5y
=
15y + 9y - 5y
11 47. Let 1 : x be the scale of the map.
=
19 12 15 cm2
2
=
The answer is B. x 6000 m2
1 15 cm2
2 =
3 4 x 6000 # 100 # 100 cm2
43. 2a = 3b
1 1
=
8a = 9b x2 4 000 000

9b x = 2000
a= >b
8 The scale of the map is 1 : 2000.
3 7 The answer is D.
=
2a 5c
14a = 15c
9(8) + 3y
48. =7
a=
15c
>c 8+y
14
72 + 3y = 56 + 7y
4 7
= 16 = 4y
3b 5c
21b = 20c y=4

20c The answer is B.

b= <c
21
∴ a>c>b 49. Price of A = $90(1 + 10%)/kg
The answer is B. = $99/kg
Price of B = $100(1 - 15%)/kg
44. Let x be the number of coins in the box. = $85/kg
3x 5x y
5 × 3 + 5 + 2 × 3 + 5 = 100 x m+ x m+ c y m
90 c 100 c x + y m = 99 c 85 x + y
x+ y x+ y
15x + 10x = 800
90x + 100y = 99x + 85y
25x = 800
15y = 9x
x = 32
x 5
=
∴ The number of coins in the box is 32. y 3
The answer is D. ∴ x:y=5:3
The answer is B.

60