Mysore J. Agric. Sci.
, 51 (4) : 803-807, 2017
Performance of VCF 0517 (Bahubali) : A High Tonnage Sugar Rich, Midlate Maturing
Sugarcane Variety for Yield and Quality in Southern Karnataka
S. N. SWAMYGOWDA, T. E. NAGARAJA AND K. V. KESHAVAIAH
Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya-571 405
E-mail :
[email protected] ABSTRACT
A new high yielding midlate maturing genotype VCF 0517 was developed from general cross collection of
Co 8371. The genotype was evaluated in station varietal and final yield trail against the popular check varieties
Co 62175 and Co 86032 (Zonal check) for its performance regarding cane, sugar and jaggery yield, quality traits,
biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plant and ratoon crops during 2014-2016 at ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya
Karnataka. The genotype VCF 0517 recorded a mean cane yield of 229.35 t ha-1 as compared to Co 62175 and
Co 86032 (186.0 t ha-1 and 169.75 t ha-1) thereby an increase of 23.30 and 35.11 per cent over checks, respectively
was recorded. It also showed higher sugar yield (32.87 t ha-1), jaggery yield (23.92 t ha-1) and juice sucrose
percentage (20.09) at harvest. The variety matures in 360 days. It has also exhibited less susceptibility for borers
and tolerance against foliar diseases. The ratoon cane yields recorded was also higher (219.5 t ha-1) as compared
to Co 62175 (139.7 t ha-1) and Co 86032 (134.0 t ha-1) and recorded an increase of 57.12 per cent and 63.8 per cent
over checks, respectively. VCF 0517 has tall (320 cm), thick (3.3 cm), cylindrical and greenish white cane.
Keywords : Sugar rich, cane yield, midlate maturity
S UGAR industry is the second largest agro based New varieties have been continuously evolved by the
industry in India and contributes significantly to the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, State Agricultural
socio-economic development of the rural population. University and Sugarcane Research and Development
This sector plays an important role in rural economy Centre across the country. The farmers prefer the
of the country as it supports 6 million farmers and their varieties based on cane and sugar yield potential, ability
families besides providing direct employment to over to ratoon, their tolerance to insect pests and disease,
0.6 million skilled and semi skilled persons in sugar soil type and site suitability and length of the growing
mills and related industries situated in the rural areas season (Nair, 2010). Also, the other desirable
(Solomon et al., 2003). It also provides raw material characters are good field appearance, higher tillering
to sugar and over 25 other industries producing alcohol, capacity, medium thick to thick cane, long stalks, long
paper, chemicals and cattle feed. Sugar cane internodes, erect growing habit, non lodging, non or
(Saccharum officinarum hybrid complex) is one of shy flowering, good ratooning ability, absence of spines
the important commercial crops of the tropical and on the leaf sheaths, absence of splits on the stalks,
subtropical regions of the country cultivated in an area less bud sprouting and resistance to prevailing local
of 5.03 million hectares with production of over 350 problems (Reddy and Madhuri, 2014). To meet the
million tonnes and productivity of 70.8 t ha-1 around 25 requirements of the both the farmers and industry, it is
million tonnes of white sugar, 6-8 million tonnes of always better to have more number of varieties with
jaggery and khandsari to meet the domestic different maturity periods so that proper and effective
consumption needs of sweetener (Solomon, 2014). It varietal scheduling can be practiced to ensure quality
forms basic raw material for the manufacturing of cane supply to the factories throughout the crushing
sugar in the country. Therefore, it has high industrial period for their economic sustainability (Solomon
importance (Solomon, 2014). The per hectare yield of et al., 2007). In Karnataka, sugarcane occupied an
crop and per cent sugar recovery are the two prime area of 4.2 lakh hectares (2014-15) and recorded the
factors of in breeding programmes. Variety is the pivot average cane yield of 85.5 t ha-1. The average sugar
around which the entire production system revolves. recovery was 10.3 per cent during 2015-16 crushing
804 S. N. SWAMYGOWDA et al.
season (Annon, 2014). The goal of increasing (cm), single cane weight (kg), internodal length (cm),
production can be attained either by increasing the area number of internodes, juice brix per cent, juice pol per
of cultivation or increasing the productivity of the crop. cent, juice purity per cent, CCS per cent, sugar yield
However, there are many constraints on and off the (t ha -1 ) and cane yield (t ha -1 ) adopting standard
field with respect to production and productivity in the procedure.
state viz., lack of high yielding, differential maturing
The data recorded for cane yield and quality
varieties of cane to replace the existing varieties and
parameters were statistically analyzed. The
to suit differ ent planting time. Stagnation of
significance of variation among the treatments was
productivity is a major challenge which has to be broken
compared by applying ‘F’ test and critical difference
to achieve breakthrough with breeding of new varieties
(CD) at 5 per cent level of significance.
suitable for the region. Keeping in view, the current
scenario of sugarcane in Southern Karnataka, it is very
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
essential to identify a high yielding and high sugar
varieties to tackle low productivity and recovery. The The analysis of variance for all the characters
concerted efforts in this study had led to development revealed that there exist significant differences among
of new genotype VCF 0517 and was evaluated for genotypes in plant and ratoon crops for different
cane, sugar and jaggery yields with other economic parameters viz., cane yield, number of millable canes
triats viz., resistance to pests and disease. at harvest, cane length, cane diameter and single cane
weight and juice quality parameters namely
MATERIAL AND METHODS commercial cane sugar yield (CCS t ha -1 ), juice
sucrose per cent, CCS per cent and purity percentage
The experimental material was developed from
indicating the genetic difference among genotypes for
biparental open pollinated, general cross collection and
these parameters and scope of their improvement.
poly crosses of sugarcane fluff generated at Zonal
Significant differences among the sugarcane genotypes
Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya,
with high magnitude of variances for cane yield, single
Karnataka. The experimental material for the present
cane weight, cane length and sucrose per cent have
study consisted of 12 clones of sugarcane including
been reported in earlier studies (Sanghera et al., 2014).
two standar ds viz., Co 62175 and Co 86032
The performance of newly developed elite genotype
representing mid-late maturing groups and the
VCF 0517 with respect to cane, sugar and jaggery
experiment was laid out during August season of 2014-
yield and yield components, juice quality parameters
2016 for plant and ratoon crops in randomized complete
in comparison with the standard/check varieties
block design comprising 12 treatments with three
revealed that genotype VCF 0517 recorded a mean
replications. Each genotype was planted in six rows
cane yield of 229.35 t ha-1 and found to be superior
and each row having of six meter length with a plot
over Co 62175 (186.0 t ha-1) and Co 86032 (169.75 t
size of 32.4 m2. The setts having three eye buds each
ha-1) and increase was by a margin of 23.30 and 35.11
were planted with three setts per meter length. The
per cent, respectively in plant crop (Table I).
crop received 25 ton of FYM, 250 kg N, 100 kg P2O5
and 125 kg K2O ha-1. All the recommended package Average sugar yield (CCS t ha -1 ) among
of practices were adopted during the entire crop genotypes in plant crop ranged from 24.12 to 32.87
season. The crop was harvested at 12th months and t ha-1. Higher sugar yield was recorded with VCF 0517
ratooned thereafter. The ratoon crop was harvested (32.87 t ha-1) while the check varieties Co 62175 and
at 12th months of age. The observations were recorded Co 86032 recorded a sugar yield of 25.23 t ha-1 and
on five randomly tagged canes at 12th months stage. 24.12 t ha -1 , respectively which indicate superior
The field and laboratory observations were recorded performance of VCF 0517 over checks to the tune of
for number of tillers (‘000 ha-1), number of millable 30.28 per cent over Co 62175 and 36.27 per cent over
canes (‘000 ha -1 ), cane length (cm) cane diameter Co 86032.
A HIGH TONNAGE SUGAR RICH, MIDLATE MATURING SUGARCANE VARIETY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA 805
TABLE I
Performance of VCF0517 for cane yield and quality traits
Varieties Cane yield (t ha-1) Sugar yield (t ha-1) Sucrose % juice at harvest
2014 -15 2015-16 Mean 2014 -15 2015-16 Mean 2014 -15 2015-16 Mean
VCF 0517 243.33 215.4 229.35 35.32 30.42 32.87 20.26 19.92 20.09
Co 62175 188.39 183.7 186.00 25.10 25.35 25.23 18.17 19.29 18.73
(23.30) (30.28) (7.26)
Co 86032 180.36 159.2 169.75 25.20 23.03 24.12 19.5 20.24 19.87
(35.11) (36.27) (1.10)
CD @ 5 per cent 20.89 16.18 - 3.41 2.91 - 1.14 1.00 -
Figures in the parentheses shows per cent increase over standards
The ratoon performance of VCF 0517 : The and 62.50 per cent), respectively. The sucrose per cent
results revealed that higher ratoon cane yield (219.5 t juice was on par with sugar rich variety Co 86032.
ha-1) and sugar yield (29.95 t ha-1) compared to Co VCF 0517 exhibited very good ratoon potential
62175 (139.7 t ha-1 and 17.56 t ha-1 , respectively) compared to checks varieties.
(Table II) and Co 86032 (134.0 t ha-1 and 18.43 t ha-1, Performance of VCF0517 for jaggery yield
respectively) with an increase of 57.12 per cent, 70.55 and recovery :The results showed that VCF 0517
per cent over Co 62175 and Co 86032 (63.80 per cent has recorded higher jaggery yield of 23.92 t ha-1 and
TABLE II found to be superior over checks Co 62175 (17.90 t
ha-1) (Table III) and Co 86032 (16.28 t ha-1) by a margin
Ratoon performance of VCF0517
of 33.63 and 46.92 per cent, respectively. VCF 0517
Cane Sugar Sucrose % also recorded higher jaggery recovery (11.11%) over
Varieties yield yield juice at CCS
Co 62175 (9.74%) and Co 86032 (10.22%) with an
(t ha-1) (t ha-1) harvest %
increase of 14.06 per cent, 8.70 per cent over Co
VCF0517 219.5 29.95 19.28 13.66 62175 and Co 86032, respectively.
Co62175 139.7 17.5 617.60 12.56 Performance of VCF0517 for ancillary
(57.12) (70.55) (9.54) (8.75) characters : The higher yield of genotype VCF 0517
Co86032 134.0 18.43 19.26 13.76 was attributed to maximum number of millable canes
(63.80) (62.50) (0.10) (0.72) 110 (000’ ha-1), cane length (320 cm), cane diameter
CD @ 5 per cent15.81 2.48 1.65 1.35 (3.3 cm), internode length (17.8 cm) and single cane
weight (2.7 kg) compared to standard varieties Co
Figures in the parentheses shows per cent increase over standards 62175 and Co 86032 (Table IV). The present results
TABLE III
Performance of VCF0517 for jaggery yield and recovery
Cane yield Jaggery Per cent increase Jaggery Per cent
Varieties (t ha-1) yield (t ha-1) over check for Recovery increase over
jaggery yield (%) check
VCF 0517 215.4 23.92 - 11.11 -
Co 62175 183.7 17.90 33.63 9.74 14.06
Co 86032 159.2 16.28 46.92 10.22 8.70
CD @ 5 per cent 16.18 2.64 - 0.87 -
806 S. N. SWAMYGOWDA et al.
TABLE IV
Performance of VCF0517 for ancillary characters
Cane length Cane diameter Inter nodal Single cane
Varieties NMC (‘000 ha-1)
(cm) (cm) length (cm) weight (kg)
VCF 0517 320 3.3 17.8 2.7 110.0
Co 62175 290 2.8 12.6 2.0 116.0
(10.34) (17.85) (41.26) (35.0) (-5.17)
Co86032 280 2.9 15.4 2.1 103.0
(14.28) (13.79) (15.58) (28.57) (6.79)
CD @ 5 per cent 0.56 0.41 2.46 0.52 10.07
Figures in the parentheses shows per cent increase over standards
are also in agreement with findings of Das et al. (1996),
Ravishankar et al (2004) and Sanghera et al. (2015).
Reaction of VCF 0517 for important pest and
disease incidence : The test clone was screened for
pest and disease reactions. Comparative pest and
disease scores of new clone and standards were
presented in Table V, revealed that VCF 0517 has
showed less susceptibility reaction to early shoot borer,
internode borer and moderately susceptible to top shoot
TABLE V
Fig. 1 : Performance of VCF 0517 in Farm Trials conducted
Reaction of VCF 0517 for important pest and during 2015-16
disease incidence
Mandya, Mysuru and Chamarajanagar districts. It has
Genotypes
Pest/Disease
recorded mean cane yield of 215 t ha-1 compared to
VCF Co Co
local check Co 62175 (168.95 t ha-1) and the magnitude
0517 62175 86032
of yield increased is 28.2 per cent. This variety is very
Pest Incidence (%) well appreciated by farming community, jaggery and
Early shoot borer 7.5 5.3 7.1 sugar industries for its yield and quality.
Top shoot borer 3.7 5.8 6.0
The big mill test of VCF 0517 was conducted at
Internode borer 22.5 18.0 10.5 M/s. NSL Sugars, Koppa, Maddur taluk, Mandya
Disease Incidence (0-5 Scale) district (Fig. 2). The results revealed that all the quality
Leaf spot disease MR MR MR
Yellow leaf disease (YLD) MR R S
Grassy shoot disease (GSD) R MR S
R: Resistant, MR: Moderately Resistant and S: Susceptible
borer and moderate resistance to leaf spot disease,
yellow leaf disease (YLD) and resistance to grassy
shoot disease (GSD).
Further, VCF 0517 had better performance in
the study (Fig. 1) conducted at farmers’ fields of Fig. 2 : Big mill test of VCF 0517 conducted at M/s NSL Sugars
A HIGH TONNAGE SUGAR RICH, MIDLATE MATURING SUGARCANE VARIETY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA 807
parameters are encouraging in this variety compared RAVISHAN KAR , C. R., RAM APPA, H. K., P RAKASH , P.,
to standards Co 62175 and Co 86032. Additional S WAMYGOWDA S. N., S HIVAKUMAR, N. AND USHA
advantages of this clone is also attributed to its field RAVINDRA, 2004, Sugarcane associated characters for
tolerance to moisture stress and non lodging due to higher sugar yield. Envi. Eco., 22: 536-539.
deep root system.
REDDY, Y. S. K. AND MADHURI , K. V. N., 2014, Impact of
delayed crush on post-harvest deterioration of
The newly released sugarcane variety VCF 0517
promising early maturing sugarcane clones. The
having desirable morphological characters like higher
Bioscan, 9 (2) : 519-523.
cane, sugar, jaggery yield, tolerance to pest and
diseases and has been accepted largely by the farmers SANGHERA, G. S., T YAGI, V., KUMAR, R. AND THIND, K. S.,
and industries in Southern Karnataka. 2014, Genetic variability for cane yield, earliness and
quality traits in sugarcane under subtropical region
of India. Int. J. Cur. Res., 6(8): 7763-7765.
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(Received : July, 2017 Accepted : Nov., 2017)
