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06 Huawei CloudWAN Products and Solution Pre-Sales Training - 2021

The document outlines the objectives and contents of Huawei's CloudWAN Products and Solutions Pre-sales Training, focusing on mastering CloudWAN products, industry scenarios, and device qualifications. It highlights the evolution of WAN technologies in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the new requirements for IP networks in the cloud era. Additionally, it provides an overview of Huawei's NetEngine router family, detailing their features, capacities, and applications in intelligent cloud networks.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 views57 pages

06 Huawei CloudWAN Products and Solution Pre-Sales Training - 2021

The document outlines the objectives and contents of Huawei's CloudWAN Products and Solutions Pre-sales Training, focusing on mastering CloudWAN products, industry scenarios, and device qualifications. It highlights the evolution of WAN technologies in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the new requirements for IP networks in the cloud era. Additionally, it provides an overview of Huawei's NetEngine router family, detailing their features, capacities, and applications in intelligent cloud networks.

Uploaded by

Bouchera Rezagui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 57

Huawei CloudWAN Products and Solution Pre-sales

Training
Page 1 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Objectives
 Master the Huawei CloudWAN products and solutions
 Understand the CloudWAN industry and scenarios
 Familiar with CloudWAN highlights and solutions
 Master CloudWAN device qualification and documentation query paths

Page 2 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Contents
1. Scenarios and Trends in WAN

2. Huawei NetEngine Series Routers Introduction

3. WAN Solution Highlights and Industrial Application

4. Huawei NetEngine Router Reference

Page 3 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


The Fourth Industrial Revolution
Accelerates Global Digital Transformation
Fourth industrial Digitization across 170+ countries released
revolution industries digital strategies
1.5
5.0
trillion

Russia: Canada
trillion Retail
0.5 Digital Economy Digital Canada 150
IT trillion

Utilities Strategy
Germany:
Digital Strategy 2025 South Korea: US:
1.1 trillion
1.7 trillion China: Manufacturing Advanced
Others Digital China Industry
Finance Manufacturing
Saudi Arabia Innovation 3.0 Strategy
0.9 trillion Digital Vision 2030 Strategy
Transportation

Intelligent Brazil:
South Africa: Australia: Energy Efficiency
technology 3.0 trillion 2.9 trillion 6.4 trillion
Digitalization Digital Strategy
Consulting Livelihood Manufacturing
Strategy Economy
service services Strategy

Industry digitalization opportunities 2025 ICT 20% ↑ GDP 1% ↑


Source: Huawei GIV 2025, Digital Spillover

Page 4 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Changes Brought by Enterprise Digital Transformation: Multi-Cloud
Access, Network Intensification, and Terminal Diversity
Traditional enterprises Enterprises in the cloud era

Public Hybrid 1 hop


Local Cloud cloud cloud
Private multi-cloud
Business DC cloud access
Flexible bearer
system SDH-based IP-based
Private network All
production production services
service
network network

D D Cloud
C C 1 network,
Network Productio
numerous slices
Productio
One private Office Office
n Numerous 1 WAN n Flexible multi-
structure line
silos service bearer

1000x
Terminal Single Massive
Smart street Video-based Drone
lamp protection inspection Number of
type Office PC access access terminals

Intelligent Telepresence- Production


video based train system
WAN — infrastructure of digital society maintenance

Page 5 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


New Requirements at Cloud Era on IP Networks

Immersive Vertical industries Site-to-cloud


experience services private lines

10x SLA Automated


higher bandwidth assurance one-hop to the cloud
• LG U+ (South Korea): 8K VR games b/w • China Southern Power Grid: Latency for • China Unicom (Guangdong): site-to-
>200Mbps differential protection: 5ms~10ms cloud private line services provisioned
• China Mobile (Zhejiang): Latency for within 2 days and real-time bandwidth
• CCTV New Year's Gala 2019 (China): 4K adjustment through app-based self
live broadcast b/w 40Mbps~90Mbps remote medical rescue: 15ms~20ms
service

Page 6 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


3 Characteristics of IP Bearer Networks towards Cloud Era

Connecting Any Thing to Any Cloud

Things 2C
AI
2B

2H
People Cloud

Simplified Network Intelligent Connectivity Committed SLA


• Ultra-large capacity, one network for • Enormous service/app connections • Any-topology protection, 99.999%
all services • Automated seamless connections reliability, committed b/w and KPI
• Network architecture and protocol across domains • Network-level traffic load balancing
simplification • Tenant/App-level SLA assurance • Proactive, predictive O&M

Page 7 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Contents
1. Scenarios and Trends in WAN

2. Huawei NetEngine Series Routers Introduction

3. WAN Solution Highlights and Industrial Application

4. Huawei NetEngine Router Reference

Page 8 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


NetEngine—Optimal Choice for Intelligent
Cloud-Networks
High reliability: high-value service Full services: abundant features for
bearer, high-quality experience guaranteed multi-service bearer

 Hot backup for the control planes,  Segment routing: SR MPLS BE, SR MPLS TE, SR
forwarding planes, power modules MPLS Policy, SRv6 BE, SRv6 Policy, SR MPLS/SRv6
co-existing
 VPN/VLL/PW/LDP FRR, SR/SRv6 Ti-LFA, Real-time Protection
TE-FRR/HSB ensuring high reliability and visualization switching within  FBB: EVPN VPWS/VPLS/L3VPN, NGMVPN over
service continuity. | Fault locating milliseconds BIER/BIER6, HQoS , BRAS, CGN, MACsec, IPSec
within minutes |
 Unique K-level hard slices and 1G FlexE  All interface types:
granularity ensuring committed SLA 400GE/100GE/50GE/40GE/25GE/10GE/GE/E1/cE1/P
OS/cPOS
 SRv6-based fast service deployment

Intelligent O&M: a complete range of


Large capacity: Up to 14.4T/slot, OAM technologies, building a stable network
facilitating smooth bandwidth evolution platform

 High-density high-speed LPUs: NetEngine 9000 NetEngine 40E NetEngine 8000 series routers  iFIT: Real-time visualization and Fault locating within
50G/240G/480G/1T/2T/4T, scale up to 14.4T minutes
 400GE port ready, E2E 400GE ultra-bandwidth  eMDI: Simple deployment and video fast fault
network demarcation
 Maximum 1M BNG access users allowed per device  Telemetry: ms-level real-time data collection and
analysis
 3.3 ms BFD: fast detection of port/IGP/BGP/LDP
LSP/TE/SR/PW/VRRP for network connectivity

Page 9 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Huawei NetEngine Router Family Portfolio
NetEngine 8000 X8/X4 NetEngine 9000-8/20 NetEngine 40E X16A/X8A

Core Router • 4T line card, scale to • 4T line card, 80T/chassis • 2T line card,
14.4T/slot • Cable-based Backplane, BNG/FMC full
• Orthogonal architecture up to 8T/slot service router

NetEngine 8000 M14 NetEngine 8000 M8 NetEngine 8000 F1A


Aggregation
• 3U, 1.2T • 1U,1T2
Router • 5U, 2T
• 300mm depth • 300mm depth • 420mm depth
• Full service compact router • Full service compact router • AC/DC:1+1
redundancy

NetEngine 8000 M6 NetEngine 8000 M1C NetEngine 8000 M1A

Access • 2U, 220mm depth • 1U, 220mm depth • 1U, 220mm depth
Router • AC/DC: 1+1 • AC/DC: 1+1 redundancy • AC single power
redundancy module/DC: dual-
input

Page 10 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


NetEngine 8000 Portfolio Overview
Cabinet Depth
Requirement 1000mm 300mm 600mm

300mm depth can be installed in street cabinets


NetEngine NetEngine NetEngine NetEngine NetEngine NetEngine NetEngine NetEngine
Product Type
8000 X8 8000 X4 8000 M14 8000 M8 8000 M6 8000 M1A 8000 M1C 8000 F1A
4T/slot 4T/slot
System
Scale to Scale to 1.2T 1.2T 160G 176G 172G 1.2T
Capacity
14.4T/slot 14.4T/slot
Service Slot 8 4 14 8 6 Fixed Fixed Fixed
Device Depth 874mm 874mm 220mm 220mm 220mm 220mm 220mm 420mm
Height 15.8U 9.8U 5U 3U 2U 1U 1U 1U
Airflow
Front-to-back Front-to-back Left-to-right Left-to-right Left-to-right Left-to-right Left-to-right Front-to-back
Design

Page 11 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 X Series: High Density


Multiservice CORE Router
Compact, Density, All Services in one
2 Per 19” RACK • High-density 100GE, 25GE, 10GE ports
• Superior scale & performance, up to 14.4T/Slot
• EVPN/SRv6 ready
4 Per 19” RACK • L2 & L3 services at scale
15.8RU

8 SLOTS
Multitude of use cases
9.8RU
4 SLOTS • High density 100GE WAN router
• Feature rich peering router
• Converged multi-service core/edge router

NetEngine 8000 X8 NetEngine 8000 X4 • Telco cloud / DC gateway router


• 5G transport & aggregation router

Page 12 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 X Series Line Card Family

Scenario High-density 25GE/10GE Medium-high-density High-density Mixed 100GE/400GE


20 *100GE 40*100GE

LPUI-2T LPUI-2T LPUI-4T LPUI-4T


High Queue
All services
Large-route
forwarding 72*10GE SFP/25GE SFP28 20*100GE QSFP28 40*100GE QSPF28 8*100GE QSPF28+8*400GE QSPF-DD

Page 13 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 40E X16A/X8A Highlight

Large capacity
• 2Tbps/slot, 81.92T switching capacity per device
• High-speed LPUs: 50G/120G/240G/480G/1T/2T
• Various interface types: 100GE/50GE/40GE/10GE/GE/FE/STM/E1
• 4M FIB route entries , 1M BNG access users

40RU Full services


• L2/L3 VPN, HVPN, VxLAN, EVPN, PIM-SM, MVPN, Seamless MPLS,
SR/SRv6, BNG, CGN, IPSec, Macsec, H-QoS, FlexE
21RU • Synch Ethernet, 1588v2, G.8275.1, G.8275.2, G.8273.2
• Telemetry, YANG
High Reliability
• Distributed forwarding architecture, Low delay and large buffer,
enhancing 4K video user experience
NetEngine 40E X16A/X8A • Fast failure switchover mechanism (VPN/VLL/PW/LDP FRR, HSB,
Ti-LFA), with 3.3ms hardware–based BFD

Page 14 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 40E X16A/X8A Series Line Card Family

Scenario 50G 240G 480G 1T 2T

LPUF-53 LPUF-243 LPUF-483 LPUF-1T2 LPUI-2T-CM

High Queue
All services
Large-route FlexE/MACSec
forwarding 16*25GE SFP28 20*100GE QSFP28
2*50/1*100GE 4*50/2*100GE
24*GE MACsec
FlexE/MACsec FlexE/MACsec
4*100GE/8-Port 50GE
8*25GE MACsec QSFP28
4*25GE MACsec
24*10GE MACsec 1-Port 400GBase
12*10GE MACsec -QSFP-DD

Value-added
service
Large capacity
VSUI-400-S VSUI-400 VSUI-400-E

Page 15 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 9000 Highlight


• System Throughput 80 Tbps
• Support 400GE/100GE/50GE/25GE/10GE/GE Large
• 4M FIB, Support MACsec & FlexEth Capacity

• Strictly carrier-class redundancy


Higher
• Switch fabric: 7+1 backup
• Fault isolated in Chipset Reliability

49.5U
• Cable Backplane: Scale up to 8T/Slot,
without change chassis
Smooth
• Support smooth evolution based on NP Expansion
23U

• CAPEX: future 5~10 years update Lower


• OPEX: 0.4W/G, 50% less than industry TCO

NetEngine 9000-20 NetEngine 9000-8

Page 16 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 9000 Line Card Evolution


2019.Q4 2020.Q2 2020.Q4

LPUI-4T-CM
40*100GE QSFP28/50GE
QSFP28/40GE QSFP+
LPUI-4T-CM
4T Line Card 8*400GE QSFP-DD
+8*100GE QSFP28/50GE
QSFP28/40GE QSFP+

LPUI-2T-CM : LPUI-2T-CM :
20*100GE QSFP28/40GE 20*100GE
2T Line Card QSFP28/50GE/40GE
QSFP+ FlexEth/MACSEC
QSFP+ FlexEth/MACSEC

Unified Hardware

LPUI-1T5-CM
1.5T Line Card 60*25GE/10GE/GE
MACSEC

1T Line Card LPUI-1T-CM


60*10GE/GE MACSEC
NetEngine 9000-20/8

Page 17 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 M14 and M8 Highlight


7nm
Compact & Redundant
• 220mm depth, space-saving
• Reliability: control / forwarding / power backup

High Performance
• 1.2Tbps/ per chassis
• Rich port types: E1, cPOS, POS, GE, 10GE, 25GE,
5 RU 3 RU 40GE, 50GE, 100GE for multi-service access

Full Services in One


220mm • Simplify protocol evolution: SRv6
220mm
• New Ethernet features: FlexEth & MACSec
• High clock accuracy: 10ns
NetEngine 8000 M14 NetEngine 8000 M8
Full Scenarios
• Full services aggregation
• Distributed BNG

Page 18 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 M14 and M8 Slot Capacity and


Evolution
NetEngine 8000 M14 NetEngine 8000 M8

13 10G 10G 14
1.2Tbps
11 200G 200G 12
9 100G 100G 10
7 100G 100G 8
1.2Tbps 18 PIU IPU-1.2T 16
17 PIU IPU-1.2T 15
5 100G 100G 6
3 100G 100G 4
1 10G 10G 2

480Gbps

• E1/CPOS/POS cards are only available in 1/2/13/14 slot • E1/CPOS/POS cards are only available in slot 1/2/7/8

Page 19 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine NE 8000 M8/M14 abundant Port Type for


Full Service Access
Low Speed Cards High Speed Cards

10GE/GE 25GE/10GE 100GE/50GE


E1 GE
MACSEC MACSEC FLEXE, MACSEC

16-Port E1 20*GE CSFP/10*GE SFP 10*10GE SFP+/GE 4*25GE SFP28/10GE 2*50GE QSFP28/1*100GE
SFP SFP+ QSFP28

GE 25GE/10GE 100GE/50GE
POS CPOS
MACSEC MACSEC FLEXE, MACSEC

4*Port OC-3c/STM-1c 4*Port Channelized STM- 10*GE SFP 8*25GE SFP28/10GE 2*100GE
POS-SFP 1c POS-SFP SFP+ QSFP28/2*50GE QSFP28

Page 20 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 F1A: Industry Leading Hyper-


Scale Pizza-Box Router
NetEngine 8000 F1A
• Compact Design: 1U, 1.2Tbps, 420mm, co-exist with server
• High-density:8*100GE/50GE+20*25GE/10GE+28*10GE/GE
420mm • Energy-efficient: 0.23W/G, 20% lower than industry average

1U • Flexible airflow: front-to-back or back-to-front

Application Scenario:
28*10GE/GE 20*25GE/10GE 8*100GE/50GE/40GE • High-density WAN router
SFP+ SFP28 QSFP28
• Converged multi-service edge router(SR&BNG)

Flexible interface capability


Interface Fixed Break-out Total Switching Capacity 1.2T
Dimensions (W x D x H) 442mm * 420mm * 44mm (1RU)
100GE/50GE
8 / 8 Weight <12kg
/40E
Typical Consumption 350W
25GE 20 8*4 52
Segment Routing, SRv6, EVPN, VXLAN, 1588v2,
Feature
NETCONF YANG, Telemetry
10GE 48 8*4 80
Power supply DC/AC, 1+1 redundancy
GE 36 / 36 Operating Temperature 0°C~45°C(long term)

Page 21 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 M6: All-Scenario Access &


Aggregation Router
Compact All-Scenario Platform Outstanding Capabilities

• Size :220mm deep,2U • Supporting private lines, IGWs, and DC-GWs  SRv6 ready
• Capacity :160 Gbps,6 slots • Various interfaces E1/CPOS/GE/10GE  NP architecture, responding to new
Max: 2*50GE/16*10GE/100GE /25GE/50GE business in the future

Dimensions (H x W x D) • 442mm×220mm×88.9mm (3U)


Device capacity • 160 Gbps
NetEngine 8000 M6 Voltage range • DC:-40V to -72V; AC: 90V to 290V
Power consumption • 230W
Number of slots • 6 (DC)
Device interface capacity • 50GE:2 // 10GE:16 // GE:100
Layer 2 features • IEEE802.1q、IEEE802.1p、IEEE 802.3ad、IEEE 802.1ab、STP/RSTP/MSTP
Layer 3 features • OSPF、RIP、IS-IS、BGP、ACL、IPv4、6VPE、ARP、VLANIF、VxLAN
MPLS features • LDP、RSVP-TE、SR MPLS、L2VPN、L3VPN、Seamless MPLS
SRv6/EVPN • SRv6、SR Policy、EVPN L3VPN, EVPN VPWS, EVPN VPLS、EVPN over SRv6
Valued service • NAT、IPSec、MACSec
Multicast • IGMP、Static Multicast Routing、PIM-SM/SSM、MBGP
Product positioning: Compact access and aggregation
QoS • 3-level HQoS
routers for all scenarios
Clock • 1588v2,synchronous Ethernet clock
OAM • Telemetry、iFIT 、BFD、NQA、RFC 2544、TWAMP
Working temperature • -40℃~65℃
Working humidity • Long term: 5% RH to 95% RH, non-condensing

Converged bearing Vertical industry Campus egress


Multi-service converged Access and aggregation Layer 3 egress on a
bearing scenarios Layer 2 network

Page 22 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 M1A: Access Router

NetEngine 8000 M1A


Large • 176G
Capacity • 16*10GE/GE/FE+12*GE/FE(o)+4*GE/FE(e)

• 220mm, 1U, easily installed in 300mm cabinet,


Dual input DC 16*10GE/GE/FE(o) 12*GE/FE(o) 4*GE/FE(e) Most Compact
spacing saving

Transport • SR/EVPN unified protocol,smooth evolution to


Flexible bundles: Oriented SRv6 based on NP
 4*10GE/GE/FE+12*GE/FE
 6*10GE/GE/FE+26*GE/FE • Wide temperature design, -40°C ~ 65°C, meet
Strong
 16*10GE/GE/FE+12*GE/FE(o)+4*GE/FE(e) Adaptability outdoor cabinet scenario

Page 23 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Core Aggregation Access

NetEngine 8000 M1C: Access Router

NetEngine 8000 M1C Large • 172G


Capacity • 16*10GE/GE/FE+8*GE/FE(o)+4*GE/FE(e)

• 220mm, 1U, easily installed in 300mm cabinet,


Most Compact
spacing saving

Dual Power module 16*10GE/GE/FE(o) 4*GE/FE(e)


Transport • SR/EVPN unified protocol,smooth evolution to
8*GE/FE(o) Oriented SRv6 based on NP
Flexible bundles:
 4*10GE/GE/FE+12*GE/FE
Strong • Wide temperature design, -40°C ~ 65°C, meet
 6*10GE/GE/FE+22*GE/FE Adaptability outdoor cabinet scenario
 16*10GE/GE/FE+8*GE/FE(o)+4*GE/FE(e)

Page 24 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Highlights of The NetEngine Routers Solutions

SRv6
iMaster NCE
• Segmental to E2E Service Provisioning
• Automated Cross-domain connectivity enables
one-click to cloud

Network
NETCONF/YANG slicing Telemetry FlexE

• Hardware QOS Guarantee


SRv6
• 100% bandwidth guarantee for critical services

EDC RDC

CDC
iFIT + iMaster NCE
• Real-Time Awareness and Fast Troubleshooting
• Visualized quality, fault locating in minutes

NetEngine 8000 F series NetEngine 8000 M series NetEngine 8000 X series

Page 25 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


SRv6: Segmental to E2E Service Provisioning

AS-IS Protocol Number


2
VLL 10+
VPLS
L3VPN
MPLS MPLS

IP Metro IP Backbone Cloud Service Touch Points


2
6+

TO-BE
Provisioning Time
Minutes
Weeks
EVPN SRv6

IP Metro IP Backbone Cloud SRv6 MPLS


Automated Cross-domain connectivity enables one-click to cloud

Page 26 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


FlexE: Hardware QOS Guarantee
• Add FlexE Shim layer between PHY and MAC layers,
with Time Slots for Mux/Demux.
E2E Slicing Manager
• The minimum slicing granularity of Huawei FlexE in
100GE/50GE interface is 1Gbps (industry is 5G).
Slices Planning Slices adjustment Slices monitoring PIC
MAC FlexE Shim PHY
NETCONF/YANG Time slot 11-20 Time slot 1-10
15G 5 4 3 2 1

Calendar
2 1 1 3 2 1 Round 1 100
5G 2 1
3 2 5 4 Round 2
GE
FlexE Slice0
10G 3 2 1


FlexE Slice1

Idle block Round Scheduling


FlexE Slice2

• All traditional QoS mechanism can be applied for


each Slice.

Page 27 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


iFIT + iMaster NCE: Real-Time Awareness and Fast
Troubleshooting
Analyzer Real-Time Service AI-based Fault
Quality Visualization Prediction:
Manager Controller
• iFIT: ms-level in-situ data • Huawei proprietary AI
collection and real-time algorithms: abnormal
display of service quality device KPI training and
(packet loss rate, inference, detecting
NETCONF/YANG iFIT/Telemetry latency, jitter etc.) silent faults in advance

Visualization Prediction

Cloud

E2E iFIT
Min-level Fast Service
Fault Diagnosis Restoration
*iFIT: In-situ Flow Information Telemetry • Hop-by-hop analysis based Diagnosis Optimization • Unique ROAM
on iMaster + iFIT, algorithm for intelligent
automated service path traffic steering based on
restoration, and accurate SLAs and SRv6 for fast
 Per-flow locating of ports and links traffic optimization
 Hop by hop where packet loss occurs
 End to end

Page 28 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Key Features For the NetEngine Routers
NG- Telemet Multica
L2VPN L3VPN EVPN VxLAN BIER HQoS 1588v2 iFIT BRAS MACsec IPSEC CGNAT SR SRv6 FlexE
MVPN ry st-NAT

NetEngine 9000-20 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 9000-8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 40E X16A √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 40E X8A √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 X8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 X4 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 M14 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 M8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 M6 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 M1A √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 M1C √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NetEngine 8000 F1A √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Page 29 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Contents
1. Scenarios and Trends in WAN

2. Huawei NetEngine Series Routers Introduction

3. WAN Solution Highlights and Industrial Application

4. Huawei NetEngine Router Reference

Page 30 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Industry Scenarios Overview
Data center Horizontal solution: evolution based on 4 Scenarios Campus
4. Egress router
Home
2. Traditional MAN Enterprise branch

DC 1. Backbone
interconnection + DCI Enterprise
3. Electric /Transportation campus
bearer network

Focus on four key industries

Industry ISP Government Power Transportation

Backbone network expansion 100G, SDN, IPv6, and backbone Converged Power WAN Integrated bearer, all services
Opportunity Network, Migrate from SDH to
and migration opportunities. network reconstruction carried in a unified network.
all-IP

Division OTT IXP Informa Signal GSM-R


Province or
IAP NBN MoX IT OT tion bearer /LTE-R
Scenario DCI MTDC City network
network network network

Page 31 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Railway Services and Router Opportunities
Service Type NE Opportunities Solution Guide Strategy
Office
Phone  Large traffic and large network scale are
Integrated Information the main scenario of routers.
Ticket PIS
Network
 Guide NE8000 routers solution to carry all
OA CCTV
Data Center services in a unified network.
Video Conference

CTC  Currently, industrial switches and dual-


plane architecture are usually used.
Dispatching Railway signal bearer
Phone network  Guide to use the integrated information
Dispatching SCADA
network as the backup plane or unified
SCADA
Center Server bearer.
Interlocking

 Generally, the current network uses SDH


Train-to-ground equipment.
communication network
 Guide the IP solution to replace SDH.
Base Station WIFI
BSC EPC
Page 32 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
ISP Market Segmentation and Router Opportunities
Content and Service Provider
• Typical Providers: Alibaba, Tencent, Amazon • DCI backbone router
Content OTT • Network: DCI backbone and POP node
• International PoP

IXP Internet Exchange Point


Exchange • IXP PE/P

MTDC IXE MTDC: Colo/Hosting/IaaS/NaaS


• DC-GW
IXE:Enterprise interconnection

Network: Backbone & IGW


Backbone IAP
Aggregation IAP • Major router market
Access Metro • Backbone: P/PE, IGW
• Typical Providers: CONVERGE, Biznet,
Tata • Metro: Aggregation
• Service: FBB, Enterprise VPN router, BNG, Access
FTTx Enterprise router
IOT POL • Network: Backbone, Metro
ETTx

Page 33 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


ISP Network Architecture and Product Candidates
End Users Access Metro S-PoP Backbone Service
SME BNG PE IGW
Distributed BNG AGG
CPE
Internet
ONT OLT
PC
DC-GW
P
Phone Telecom
RGW ONT OLT
IPTV DC-GW
STB
ACC AGG SR Cloud
PE PE
Enterprise
CPE Switch

2T/slot 8T/slot 14.4T/slot


NE8000 M6 NE8000-M8 NE8000-M14 (P/PE/IGW/DCGW) (P/PE/IGW) (P/PE/IGW/DCGW)
(Distributed BNG) SR/Centralized BNG/CGN NE40E-X16A NE9000

NE40E-X8A NE40E-X8A NE8000-X8


NE8000-X4
NE8000 M1C NE8000 F1A
(Distributed BNG)
NE8000 M1A

Metro S-PoP Backbone

Page 34 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


ISP Service Deployment Solution

Netconf/YANG/Telemetry/iFIT

End Users Access Metro S-PoP Backbone Service


SME BNG PE IGW
Distributed BNG AGG
CPE
Internet
ONT OLT
PC
DC-GW
P
Phone Telecom
RGW ONT OLT
IPTV DC-GW
STB
ACC AGG Cloud
SR
PE PE
Enterprise
SRv6
CPE Switch

VLAN Q-in-Q BNG EVPN L3VPN Distributed BNG


HSI
VLAN Q-in-Q EVPN VPLS/VPWS BNG EVPN L3VPN Centralized BNG
Home VoIP VLAN EVPN L3VPN
Broadband
VLAN EVPN L3VPN Video on demand
IPTV VLAN
VLAN Native IP Multicast/NG MVPN over BIER BTV (Multicast)

L2 VLAN EVPN VPLS/VPWS


Enterprise
L3 VLAN EVPN L3VPN

Page 35 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Huawei ISP Solution Highlights

Service Phone Internet access Video VR Gaminig Conference

Large-capacity, Full-services
Control &  Max 14.4Tbps/slot, leading in industry
Management
 Diversified interfaces: E1/STM/GE/10GE/25GE/50GE/100GE/400GE
 Distributed BNG/SR integrated

Core
Committed SLA
Central DC
 FlexE-based slicing for guaranteed bandwidth
 SRv6-based intelligent traffic steering for committed latency
ISP IP Reginal DC  Ti-LFA topology-independent 50ms failure protection
network Metro
Intelligent O&M
 iFIT-based fault locating within minutes
 E2E service provisioning within hours
 Intelligent network optimization

Access Access Access

Terminal

Page 36 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Experience-based network construction helps ISP Cx
to improve customer experience
Experience-based network construction Customer Business Challenges
• FTTH services develop rapidly and centralized BRASs are expanded
frequently, reaching the BRAS capacity limit on the live network.
• Subscribers' Internet access freezes during busy hours, resulting in a
large number of complaints, affecting user experience.
Distributed CDN • The network cannot support fast provisioning of high-quality 2B
leased lines.
OLT

OLT HBB access Customer Benefits


Broadband
OLT BNG Internet
IP Core • BNGs are deployed to the metro network. The number of BNGs

SR Metro increases from X to XX, increasing the capacity.


Corp • The CDN is sinking to the BRAS site for getting the content close,
Metro CR
improving video experience.
IP Metro IP Core
• BRAS intelligent application acceleration, differentiates broadband
E2E SRv6 services, and better user experience.

• One-stop automatic provisioning of private lines and fast service


BNG sinking CDN sinking iBRAS Intelligent Application Acceleration NCE+SRv6
provisioning
• SRv6 policies are used to determine paths and latency, ensure
private line SLAs, and monetize user experience.

Page 37 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


E-Government Network Scenarios and Services
Government

MoX
Province Network City Network Network for a dedicate ministry
NBN Ministry of interior (MOI)
National Broadband Network Built for the Network Built for the
Ministry of Education (MOE)
network dedicate province dedicate city
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Ministry of Defense (MOD)

G2G: Government-to-Government G2B: Government-to-Business G2E: Government-to-Employees G2C: Government-to-Citizen


• Cross-departmental data sharing • Online investment • E-payroll • Information browsing
• Collaborative office: Video conference • Online business • E-benefits • Government consultation
• Joint approval • Online tax filing • E-training • Online services
• Online annual review • Online complaints
• Online filing

Page 38 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Network Architecture and Product Candidates
National WAN Provincial WAN City WAN

CR CR CR

Internet Internet

DC-GW DC-GW DC-GW AGG/IGW


AGG/IGW AGG/IGW

Data Center Security Data Center Security Data Center


Center Center

NE8000-X8
NE8000-X4
NE8000-M14

NE8000-M8
NE8000-M1C NE8000-F1A

National WAN – CR/BRAS Provincial/City WAN – CR & AGG DC-GW/IGW

Page 39 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


E-Government Service Deployment Solution

NetConf/YANG iFIT/Telemetry

CR

Data
Center
CR AGG
DC-GW
SRv6

IP VLAN
DC EVPN-L3VPN Department-1
G2G/ IP VLAN
Depart. EVPN-L3VPN Department-3
G2E IP VLAN
Department EVPN-L3VPN (Public VPN) Departments

G2B/G IP IP
Web EVPN-L3VPN (Internet VPN) Businesses/Citizens
2C

• Unified deployment based on SRv6 + EVPN


• N+2 VPN: N VPN for inter-department, one for public VPN, one for Internet service
Page 40 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
E-Government Solution Highlights

Large-capacity, Full-series Router


Service Unified Video Desktop OA Hotline Web Portal
communications conference cloud
 4Tbps/slot, meeting all-services-on-cloud digital
transformation requirements
Control &  Diversified interfaces: E1, GE, 10GE, 100GE
Management
Efficient Service Capability
DC
 SRv6+EVPN for fast service provisioning: L2/L3 VPN
National WAN City
Metro
 FlexE to guarantee the critical services

Efficient O&M
Government
DC
WAN  iFIT-based service-aware: second-level
Provincial City
WAN  AI-powered O&M: alarm compression and
Metro
prediction
DC

City Secure & Reliable



City WAN
Metro
 Multiple-level reliability mechanisms: equipment,
site, network; physical & logical
Terminal  IPsec or MACsec encryption

Page 41 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Rx: Ultra-Broadband Intelligent Education
Backbone Network, Pioneering the 100G/IPv6 Era
Rx Company Profile
The traffic increases rapidly, Super-capacity, energy-saving,
the live network cannot be upgraded and worry-free for ten years

• The backbone traffic usage • The 4T board perfectly


reaches 50% and exceeds meets the customer's live
30% •
70%
In the past five years, traffic
network requirements and
supports 400G ports.
has increased by over 30% on NetEngine 8000 X
average.

Unable to evolve to IPv6 SRv6 is the best choice for backbone


• The education backbone network evolution
network needs to evolve to • Only devices at both ends need to
IPv6 IPv6. The current network support SRv6. No interworking
does not support IPv6
evolution. 500+ 150,000+ 2 million Derived from IPv6 •
risk.
Huawei leading SRv6 in
Universities & technology and commercial use.
Research Institutions Full-time researcher College teachers &
students
Cannot be flexibly adjusted, Commercial SDN solution,
resulting in low OM efficiency future-oriented evolution

• The service configuration is • SRv6+iMaster NCE implements


The MPLS network consists of 112 nodes.
SDN complex and crosses
multiple departments, Customer intends to upgrade the backbone network from 10G to
automatic service provisioning and
minute-level service provisioning.
resulting in slow service 100G.
provisioning.

Page 42 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Power WAN Opportunities IT
OT Integrated data communication network
• Power dispatch IT platform • Data center construction (ERP)
• MIS IT platform • Campus network, security surveillance
Group
• Power plant campus • New-built DWDM (DCI)
security surveillance
• collaborative office (UC & VC)
Headqu
Power • Call center
arters
generation

• Smart grid transport network


(90% are SDH)
Others • Integrated data communication Office
network Power building
Transmission and Service
Center
dispatch
• Offline Power distribution automation
photovoltaic communication network
• xPON/wireless/Internet Distribution &
backhaul Transformation

• Power distribution automation Distribution &


• Value-added main station IT platform Dispatch
services
• Power IoT

OT & IT convergence: 1. SDH network EOS, and limited capacity; 2. Relay protection service migrating to IP

Page 43 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Converged Power WAN Network Solution and
Highlights

IT business

Office Phone Power Substation Dispatching SLA assurance for mission-critical


plant center
services: Ensure the SLA for mission-
Office
1 critical services, supports 1G FlexE for
automation
OT/IT physical isolation

Slice 1: various office services

OT service
2 All in one: support low-speed
interface (G.703 64K, C37.94, RS232),
Video reducing the TCO.
surveillance
Slice 2: video surveillance

Dispatch
phone
Unified O&M: NCE manages power
3 transmission and transformation
network devices in a unified manner,
SCADA
Slice 3: SCADA, WAMS, and dispatching phone

SRv6/EVPN: simplifies the protocols,


WAMS
4 decrease the complexity of service
deployment
Slice 4: relay protection and WAPS
relay protection

NE8000-M6/M1C NE8000-M8 NE8000-M14


WAPS
Page 44 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All-IP power transmission and transformation solution
for unified OT/IT bearer
Office SCADA
Dispatching center
Phone

Office WAMS
automation 50GE 50GE 100GE
Video relay protection
surveilla
nce
Dispatch WAPS
phone
IS-IS Level2
Control Plane
SRv6-BE/SRv6 Policy

Relay protection service slicing: EVPN L2VPN SRv6 Policy


Dispatch phone/SCADA Slicing : EVPN L2VPN SRv6 Policy
Service Plane
Office/Others Slicing : EVPN L3VPN SRv6 Policy
Default Slicing: EVPN L3VPN
SRv6-BE/
SRv6 Policy
BFD for IGP,SRv6 TI-LFA, SRv6 Mirror Protection
OAM Plane

• Control Plane: ISIS L2 and SRv6 is recommended, All service Slicing share the IGP process of the default fragment. Slicing does not increase
service configuration complexity.
• Services Plane: relay protection, dispatch phone/SCADA, and office use one slice. Relay protection, dispatch phone, and office use EVPN
L2VPN for service isolation. SRv6 Policy tunnels are supported.
• OAM Plane: SRv6-BE and SRv6 policies are supported by default slicing. SRv6-BE supports TiLFA protection. TE FRR, Ti-LFA, and mirror
protection are deployed on SRv6 policies to implement protection. Service slicing only supports SRv6 Policy tunnels, and TE FRR, Ti-LFA, or
mirror protection is deployed.

Page 45 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Huawei Enable Ex Power Grid IP Transformation
AS IS: Chimney Network To-be: multi-network integration Customer Benefits

Dispatching center Substation Dispatching center Substation


40%
 One IP network, reducing PCM

Independent slicing of key production services


 Device investment and overall
CAPEX reduction

10%
 Key services of the power grid
are guaranteed,

Office  Increased satisfaction with


Office Relay protection SCADA SCADA Move Jobs
Video surveillance Dispatch phone Relay protection Video surveillance electricity services

Substation Substation 50M$


• Dedicated private networks, resulting in waste of investment and • Deterministic latency, secure encryption, and PCM adaptation to OT  O&M efficiency is improved,
low efficiency service systems  Overall OPEX reduction
• SDH cannot meet the requirements of emerging services. • Ultra-Broadband Intelligent Slicing, Supporting Comprehensive
• Multi-network co-existence, complex O&M Evolution of Multiple Services in the Grid
• Intelligent O&M, improving network stability and service quality

Page 46 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Railway Services and Router Opportunities
Service Type NE Opportunities Solution Guide Strategy
Office
Phone  Large traffic and large network scale are
Integrated Information the main scenario of routers.
Ticket PIS
Network
 Guide NE8000 routers solution to carry all
OA CCTV
Data Center services in a unified network.
Video Conference

CTC  Currently, industrial switches and dual-


plane architecture are usually used.
Dispatching Railway signal
Phone bearer network  Guide to use the integrated information
Dispatching SCADA
network as the backup plane or unified
SCADA
Center Server bearer.
Interlocking

 Generally, the current network uses SDH


Train-to-ground equipment.
communication network
 Guide the IP solution to replace SDH.
Base Station WIFI
BSC EPC
Page 47 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Railway IP integrated Network Architecture and
Product Candidates IP integrated bearer network
Access network Dispatch

Small station AggRegation Regional Centre


center Railway bearer network Architecture
Monitoring
• The railway universal bearer network can be divided into
CCTV three layers: core layer (regional center), aggregation layer
CTC dispatch center
(large station), and access layer (small station).
CTC
• Considering high reliability requirements of railway services,
Dispatching access layer of GSM-R is dual-plane networking, two PEs are
SCADA deployed at each site to provide redundancy protection.
Video surveillance center
• Small stations are directly connected through optical fibers.
Every four to six small stations are grouped into a ring
Dispatch phone
Data network, which is then connected to the aggregation station.
SCADA The aggregation station can form an aggregation ring to be
Travel uniforms
connected to the regional control center.

Signalling
Office RBC
Railway bearer network Product Candidates

Station interlocking
Data center
Core/Center

NE8000-X4 NE8000-X8
GSM-R/
GSM-R base station LTE-R
NE8000 M1A/M6 NMS Aggregation
NE8000 M8/M14
NE8000 X4/X8 NE8000-M14 NE8000-M8

GSM-R base station BSC


Access site

NE8000-M6 NE8000-M1C
Page 48 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Railway Service Deployment Solution

Unified OT/IT Bearer Solution signal Access PE Aggregation PE Core PE

• Control Plane:ISIS L2 and SRv6 are recommended, CCTV


SW SW
All services Slicing share the IGP process of the OA
Dispatch center Dispatch center
default fragment. Slicing does not increase service Dispatch
Phone OCC
configuration complexity.
GSM-R
• Services Plane: Slicing and EVPN L3VPN/L2VPN SCADA

are used for service isolation. SCADA/Signal/GSM-R


use separated slicing and EVPN L2VPN for service
Network IS-IS Level2
isolation, other service use shared one slicing and Control Plane SRv6-BE/SRv6 Policy
EVPN L3VPN/L2EVPN for service isolation.
Default Slicing(office, video surveillance, and dispatch phone): SRv6-BE/
• Protection: SRv6-BE and SRv6 policies are EVPN L3VPN/L2VPN SRv6 Policy
supported. SRv6-BE supports TiLFA protection. SRv6
Service Control GSM-R Slicing:EVPN L2VPN SRv6 Policy
policy support TE FRR/TiLFA/Mirror protection. Plane
Signal Slicing: EVPN L2VPN SRv6 Policy
BFD are used to performs millisecond-level detection
SCADA: EVPN L2VPN SRv6 Policy

OAM Plane BFD for detection

Page 49 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Railway Solution Highlights
signal Access PE Aggregation PE Core PE

CCTV SW
SW
OA

Dispatch Dispatch center Dispatch center


Phone
OCC
GSM-R
SCADA

One network , multiple services

 One network carries all production and office services:Slicing and QoS technologies ensure critical services like as SCADA, GSM-R, and
interlocking services.
One network , multiple access types

 Built-in PCM board: Built-in-PCM board of the router implements unified access of low-speed interfaces for services such as SCADA and
dispatching telephone. Traditional TDM services and IP services are carried over one network

Efficient O&M

 iFIT:based on service-aware detection


 Powered O&M: alarm compression and prediction

Reliability

 Provides link-, device-, and network-level reliability protection to support fast protection in various service scenarios.

Large-capacity, Full-series Router

 Max 14.4Tbps/slot evolution capacity, meeting all-services-on-cloud digital transformation requirements


 Diversified interfaces: GE, 10GE, 40G,50G,100GE

Page 50 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


IP Transformation Solution for Unified OT/IT
Bearer Network
Requirements and Challenges
Access network line bearer network centered
 Spain's national railways have a total length of more than 15,000 km, and several high-
Monitoring Station A
speed railways are being planned and constructed.
CCTV
 ADIF urgently needs to upgrade its existing network to meet the requirements of IP-
CTC dispatch center
CTC
based, multimedia-based, and digital service development. IP MPLS integrated bearer network

Scheme SCADA
Video surveillance center
Station B
 IP network: Huawei NE series routers are deployed on 100 backbone nodes and 1000 Dispatch phone Dispatching Station C
access sites. MPLS VPN is used for unified bearer. The NE40E and NE08E/05E are used to
SCADA
construct an IP unified bearer network. Travel uniforms
S5710 Signal bearer network
 IP hard pipes carry key services.

 Integrated network with built-in PCM devices, providing end-to-end service assurance Office Station D RBC

Visualized deployment and O&M of the U2000, visualized and manageable networks OSN OSN
 STM-4
Station Y
Station interlocking
STM-16/64 Data center
Customer Benefits MSTP transmission network

GSM-R base station NMS


 High-Reliability Network Ensures Long-Term and Stable Service Running
Station Z
 Layered networks ensure easy management and future expansion of the network

 Unified bearer network, compatible with traditional services and facilitating new service
expansion

Page 51 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Contents
1. IP Networks Scenarios and Trends

2. Huawei NetEngine Series Routers Introduction

3. WAN Solution Highlights and Industrial Application

4. Huawei NetEngine Router Reference

Page 52 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


NE Router Mapping Table
EOM Before 2020Q4 Mainstream Models
NE9000-20/8* New NE9000-20/8
Core Router NE40E-X8A/16A (2T)
NE40E-X8A/16A*
NE40E-X3A NE8000-X4/8

NE40E-X3/X8/16
NE20E-S16/16A
NE20E-S8/S8A NE8000-M14

Aggregation NE40E-M2K
Router NE20E-S2E
NE8000-M8
NE20E-S2F
NE20E-S4
NE40E-F1A NE8000-F1A

NE08E-S9
NE8000-M6
NE08E-S6E
NE05E-SQ
Access Router NE05E-SR
NE05E-SJ/SK NE8000-M1A/M1C
NE05E-SL
NE05E-SM
*: Partial EOM
Page 53 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Huawei NetEngine Routers have the highest
market share in the world
No.1 Global Service Provider Router Market Share Trend
Global Router Market Share (2019Q4-2020Q4)
4Q20 Market share
C 34% 50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
N
16% 25%
20%
15%
10%
J 5%
5%
Z 4% 0%
Huawei
All others 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
38%
2% Huawei Cisco
C N
Nokia J
Juniper ZTE
Z All others
Source: Omdia* © 2021 Omdia Source: Omdia © 2021 Omdia

*Omdia: Former

Page 54 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


NetEngine—Optimal Choice for Intelligent
Cloud-Networks

Protection
Real-time | Fault locating switching
visualization within minutes | within
milliseconds

Industry Awards

2019 Interop 2020 F&S 2020 New China Telecommunication


Best of Show Technology Infrastructure Technology Labs (CTTL)
Award Grand Prize Leadership Recommended SRv6 Ready certificate
Network Products

NetEngine 9000 NetEngine 40E NetEngine 8000 series routers

Page 55 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Resource Center for NE routers

Product Overview
https://e.huawei.com/en/products/enterprise-networking/routers

Detail Introduction Materials


https://e.huawei.com/en/material/MaterialList

Intent-Driven IP Solution
https://e.huawei.com/en/solutions/business-needs/enterprise-network/CloudWAN/intent-driven-ip

Product Document
https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/routers/netengine-8000-pid-252772223

Page 56 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Thank You
www.huawei.com

Page 57 Copyright © 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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