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Topic 2_Steady State Heat Conduction (1D)

The document discusses steady-state heat conduction in various scenarios, including heat loss from the human body in air and water while wearing specialized insulation. It presents sample problems related to heat transfer through different materials and geometries, including cylindrical systems and composite walls. Additionally, it includes assignments that require calculations of heat transfer rates and temperature differences in insulated pipes.

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Khim C. Mohamadtaha
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15 views48 pages

Topic 2_Steady State Heat Conduction (1D)

The document discusses steady-state heat conduction in various scenarios, including heat loss from the human body in air and water while wearing specialized insulation. It presents sample problems related to heat transfer through different materials and geometries, including cylindrical systems and composite walls. Additionally, it includes assignments that require calculations of heat transfer rates and temperature differences in insulated pipes.

Uploaded by

Khim C. Mohamadtaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEADY STATE

HEAT
ME 311: Heat
Transfer CONDUCTION
ONE
DIMENSION
The heat loss rate from a human body in air and water environments was
calculated. Now we consider the same conditions except that the
surroundings (air or water) are at 10 C. To reduce the heat loss rate, the
person wears special sporting gear (snow suit and wet suit) made from a
nanostructured silica aerogel insulation with an extremely low thermal
conductivity of 0.014 W/m K. The emissivity of the outer surface of the
snow and wet suits is 0.95. What thickness of aerogel insulation is needed
to reduce the heat loss rate to 100 W (a typical metabolic heat generation
Sample rate) in air and water? What are the resulting skin temperatures?

Problem No.
1:
The Heat resistance network:

The total thermal resistance:

The total thermal resistance equation:

Determining the length of insulation (air)


Determining the length of insulation (water)

Determining the skin temperature:

Thus,

Comments:
The skin temperature is the same in both cases because the heat loss rate and skin/fat
properties are the same.
Sample Problem
No. 2:

Consider a 0.8m-high and 1.5m-wide


glass window with a thickness of 8 mm
and a thermal conductivity of k = 0.78
W/m ·°C. Determine the steady rate of
heat transfer through this glass window
and the temperature of its inner surface
for a day during which the room is
maintained at 20°C while the
temperature of the outdoors is 10°C.
Take the heat transfer coefficients on the
inner and outer surfaces of the window
to be h1 = 10 W/m2 · °C and h2 = 40
W/m2 · °C, which includes the effects of
radiation.
SOLUTION
DISCUSSIONS

Note that the inner surface temperature of the window glass will be 2.2°C even
though the temperature of the air in the room is maintained at 20°C.

Such low surface temperatures are highly undesirable since they cause the
formation of fog or even frost on the inner surfaces of the glass when the humidity in
the room is high.
Sample
Problem
No. 3:
Find the heat transfer per unit
area through the composite
wall in the figure shown on
the right. Assume one-
dimensional heat flow.
Solution:
ASSIGNMENT ME 311: Heat Transfer
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

 One side of a copper block 4 cm thick is maintained


at 175◦C. The other side is covered with a layer of
fiberglass 1.5 cm thick. The outside of the fiberglass is
maintained at 80◦C, and the total heat flow through
the composite slab is 300 W. What is the area of the
slab? (Use Table 1-1, Holman)
ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

 A wall is constructed of a section of stainless steel


[k =16 W/m.oC] 4.0 mm thick with identical layers
of plastic on both sides of the steel. The overall
heat-transfer coefficient, considering convection
on both sides of the plastic, is 120 W/m2. oC. If the
overall temperature difference across the
arrangement is 60 oC, calculate the temperature
difference across the stainless steel.
ME 311 Heat Transfer

STEADY STATE HEAT


CONDUCTION
(ONE DIRECTION) –
Cylindrical/Radial System
Cylindrical
(Radial Systems):
Other one dimensional geometry: Cylinder
Conduction through cylindrical coordinates
Conduction Through a composite cylindrical (multi-
layer cylindrical system) coordinates
Thermal Resistance
Heat Transfer from fluid to fluid separated by curved
(Cylindrical) wall

Thermal Circuit Diagram


Overall Coefficient of Heat Transfer
Sample
Problem No. 1:
Water through a cast steel pipe (k = 50 W/m-
K) with an outer diameter of 104 mm and 2
mm wall thickness.
a) Calculate the heat loss by convection
and conduction per meter length of
insulated pipe (OD = 104 mm ; ID = 100
mm when the water temperature is
15oC, the outside air temperature is -
10oC, the water side heat transfer
coefficient is 30,000 W/m2-K and the
outside heat transfer coefficient is 20
W/m2-K.
b) Calculate the corresponding heat loss
when the pipe is lagged with insulation
having an outer diameter of 300 mm,
and thermal conductivity of k = 0.05
W/m-K.
Sample
Problem No. 2:
Hot water (hi = 6895 W/m2 -C) flows in
a 2.5 cm ID; 2.66 cm OD smooth copper
pipe (k = 400 W/m - C). The pipe is
horizontal in still air ( ho = 3.56 W/m2 -
C )and covered with a 1-cm layer of
polystyrene foam insulation (k =0.038
W/m- C) . For a 65°C water temperature
and 20°C air temperature, Calculate
a) the heat loss per unit length of pipe
b) the interface temperature in oC
c) Overall coefficient of heat transfer
U
Assignment
(RADIAL SYSTEMS)
Problem No. 1
• A hot steam pipe having an inside surface temperature of 250oC has an inside diameter
of 8 cm and a wall thickness of 5.5 mm. It is covered with a 9-cm layer of insulation
having k =0.5 W/m.oC, followed by a 4-cm layer of insulation having k = 0.25W/m.oC. The
outside temperature of the insulation is 20oC. Calculate the heat lost per meter of length.
Assume k = 47 W/m.oC for the pipe
Problem No. 2
• A 5-cm diameter steel pipe is covered with a 1-cm layer of insulating material having k =
0.22 W/m.oC followed by a 3-cm thick layer of another insulating material having k = 0.06
W/m.oC. The entire assembly is exposed to a convection surrounding condition of h = 60
W/m2 .oC and T∞ =15oC. The outside surface temperature of the steel pipe is 400oC.
Calculate the heat lost by the pipeinsulation assembly for a pipe length of 20 m. Express
in Watts
Problem No. 3
Steam at T∞1 = 320°C flows in a cast iron pipe (k
= 80 W/m · oC) whose inner and outer diameters
are D1 = 5 cm and D2 = 5.5 cm, respectively. The
pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool
insulation with k = 0.05 W/m · °C. Heat is lost to
the surroundings at T∞1 = 5°C by natural
convection and radiation, with a combined heat
transfer coefficient of h2 = 18 W/m2 · °C. Taking
the heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe to
be h1 = 60 W/m2 · °C, determine the rate of
heat loss from the steam per unit length of the
pipe. Also determine the temperature drops
across the pipe shell and the insulation.

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