DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS?

1) What is the difference between Latch And Flip-flop?

The difference between latches and Flip-flop is that the latches are level triggered and flip-flops are edge
triggered. In latches level triggered means that the output of the latches changes as we change the input
and edge triggered means that control signal only changes its state when goes from low to high or high to
low.
Latches are fast whereas flip-flop is slow.
2) What is the binary number system?
The system which has a base 2 is known as the binary system and it consists of only two digits 0 and 1.
For Example: Take decimal number 625
625 = 600 + 20 + 5
That means,
6×100 + 2×10 + 5
6 ×102 + 2×101 + 5×100
In this 625 consist of three bits, we start writing the numbers from the rightmost bit power as 0 then the
second bit as power 1 and the last as power 2. So, we can represent a decimal number as
∑digit × 10corresponding position or bit
Here 10 is the total number of digits from 0 to 9.

3) State the De Morgan's Theorem?

De Morgan's Theorem stated two theorems:
1.The complement of a product of two numbers is the sum of the complements of those numbers.
(A. B)' = A' + B'
Truth Table:

2. The complement of the sum of two numbers is equal to the product of the complement of two numbers.
(A + B)' = A'B'
Truth Table:

4) Define Digital System?

Digital systems are the system that processes a discrete or digital signal.
5) What is meant by a bit?
Bits are the binary digits like 0 and 1.

6) What is the best Example of Digital system?

Digital Computer.

7) How many types of number system are there?

There are four types of number system:
1. Decimal Number System.
2. Binary Number System.
3. Octal Number System.
4. Hexadecimal Number System.

8) What is a Logic gate?

The basic gates that make up the digital system are called a logic gate. The circuit that can operate on
many binary inputs to perform a particular logic function is called an electronic circuit.

9) What are the basic Logic gates?

There are three basic logic gates-
1. AND gate.
2. OR gate.
3. NOT gate.
10) Which gates are called as Universal gate and what are its advantages?
The Universal gates are NAND and NOR. The advantages of these gates are that they can be used for any
logic calculation.
11) What are the applications of the octal number system?
The applications of the octal number system are as follows:
1. For the efficient use of microprocessors.
2. For the efficient use of digital circuits.
3. It is used to enter binary data and display of information.
12) What are the fundamental properties of Boolean algebra?
The basic properties of Boolean algebra are:
1. Commutative Property.
2. Associative Property.
3. Distributive Property.
13) What is meant by K-Map or Karnaugh Map?
K-Map is a pictorial representation of truth table in which the map is made up of cells, and each term in
this represents the min term or max term of the function. By this method, we can directly minimize the
Boolean function without following various steps.
14) Name the two forms of Boolean expression?
The two forms of Boolean expression are:
1. Sum of products (SOP) form.
2. The Product of sum (POS) form.
15) What are Minterm and Maxterm?
A minterm is called Product of sum because they are the logical AND of the set of variables and Maxterm
are called sum of product because they are the logical OR of the set of variables.
16) What are the limitations of the Karnaugh Map?
The limitations of Karnaugh Map are as follows:
1. It is limited to six variable maps which means more than six variable involving expressions are not
reduced.
2. These are useful for only simplifying Boolean expression which is represented I standard form.
17) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the K-Map Method?
The advantages of the K-Map method are as follows-
1. It is an excellent method for simplifying expression up to four variables.
2. For the logical simplification, it gives us a visual method.
3. It is suitable for both SOP and POS forms of reduction.
4. It is more suitable for classroom teachings on logic simplification.
The disadvantages of the K-Map method are as follows:
1. It is not suitable when the number of variables exceeds more than four.
2. For Computer reduction, it is not suitable.
3. We have to take while entering the numbers in the cell-like 0, 1 and don't care terms.
18) Write the definition of the State Duality Theorem?
Duality Theorem states that we can derive another Boolean expression with the existing Boolean
expression by:
1. Changing OR operation (+ Sign) to AND operation (. Dot Sign) and vice versa.
2. Complimenting 0 and 1 in the expression by changing 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 respectively.
19) What is Half-Adder?
Half-adder is the circuits that perform the addition of two bits. It has two inputs A and B and two outputs S
(sum) and C (carry). It is represented by XOR logic gate and an AND logic gate.

Truth Table of Half adder:

20) What is Full-Adder?

Full-adder is the circuits that perform the addition of three bits. It has three inputs A, B and a carry bit. Full
adders are represented with AND, OR and XOR logic gate.
Truth Table of Full-Adder

21) What is a Multiplexer?

The multiplexer is a digital switch which combines all the digital information from several sources and gives
one output.

22) What are the applications of Multiplexer (MUX)?

The applications of the multiplexer are as follows:
1. It is used as a data selector from many inputs to get one output.
2. It is used as A/D to D/A Converter.
3. These are used in the data acquisition system.
4. These are used in time multiplexing system.
23) What is a Demultiplexer?
The demultiplexer is a circuit that receives the input on a single line and transmits this onto 2n possible
output line. A Demultiplexer of 2n outputs has n select lines, which are used to select which output line is
to be sent to the input. The demultiplexer is also called as Data Distributor.

24) What are the applications of Demultiplexer?

The applications of the demultiplexer are as follows:
1. It is used in the data transmission system with error detection.
2. It is used as a decoder for the conversion of binary to decimal.
3. It is used as a serial to parallel converter.
25) What are the differences between Combinational Circuits and Sequential Circuits?
The differences between combinational and sequential circuits are as follows:

S.No Combinational Circuits Sequential Circuits

1. These are faster in speed. These are slower.

2. These are easy to design. These are difficult to design.

3. The clock input is not required. The clock input is required.

4. In this, the memory units are not In this, the memory units are required to store the
required. previous values of inputs.

5. Example: Mux, Demux, encoder, decoder, Example: Shift registers, counters.

adders, subtractors.
26) What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous Counters?
The difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous Counters are as follows:

S.No Asynchronous Counters Synchronous Counters

1. These are low-speed Counters. These are high-speed Counters.

2. The Flip flops of these counters are not In these counters, the flip-flops are clocked
clocked simultaneously. simultaneously.

3. Simple logic circuits are there for more Complex logic circuits are there when the
number of states. number of states increases.
27) What are the applications of Flip-Flops?
The applications of flip-flops are:
1. Flip-flops are used as the delay element.
2. These are used for Data transfer.
3. Flip-flops are used in Frequency Division and Counting.
4. Flip-Flops are used as the memory element.
28) What is the difference between D-latch and D Flip-flop?
D-latch is level sensitive whereas flip-flop is edge sensitive. Flip-flops are made up of latches.
29)How can you convert a JK flip-flop to a D flip-flop?
Ans: Connect the inverted J input to K input.
29) Define Even Parity?
30. What is the graphical symbol of AND and OR gate?
31. Prove that Exclusive OR is a complment of X-NOR?
32. Draw state diagram of SR latch using NAND gate?
33. Draw the truth table of Half adder and write its boolean expression?
34. Define Register and its types?
35. Represent the following decimal number into BCD 5862?
36. Draw circuit digram of D latch?
37. What is half subtractor?
38. What is 4 bit parrrel adder?
39. Find 10101 ÷ 101?
40. Draw the gate implementation of the function A+ B.C+ A.B.C’?
41. Convert 103 to octal?
42. Convert 1438 into excess -3
43. What is dont care condition?
44. Convert A21E into Octal?
45. What is JK flipflop?
46. Find 10101110+10101010?
47. Using Boolean algebra rules prove X+XY=X?
48. Write the following functions into Maxterms? F=∑(2,4,5,6)?
49. What is the complement of the following function? F=x.y+y.x?
50. Take 1 and 2 complement of the following number? 10100011?
51. What is the difference between SIPO and PISO register?
52. Use 10’s Complement to perform M-N where M= 85320, N= 51360?
53. Simplify the function? F(x,y,x,w)=∑(0,1,3,4,8,10,14)?
54. Find 10101*1010?
55. How OR gate can be made using NAND gate?