Ph.D.

Courses of PHYSICS

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Amaravati 522502, Andhra Pradesh
INDIA

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABI

(For students admitted from the academic year 2020)
CURRICULUM
University Mandatory Course
Course L+T+
Course Code Course Name L T P C
Category P

Core RM001 Research Methodology 4 0 0 4 4

Any One – Department Mandatory Common Course

Course L+T+
Course Code Course Name L T P C
Category P
Core PHY 701 Foundation in Experimental Physics 3 1 0 4 4

Core PHY 704 Foundations in Theoretical Physics 3 1 0 4 4

Course nature Theory

Assessment Method – Theory Component (Weightage 100%)
Assessment
Mid Term I Mid Term II CLA I CLA II Total
In-semester tool
Weightage 15% 15% 10% 10% 50%
End semester examination Weightage : 50%

Minimum One for the list (Direct Courses)

Course Course Code Course Name L T P L+T+P C

Elective
Category PHY 702 Introduction to Photonics 3 1 0 4 4

Elective PHY 703 Computational Materials Science 3 1 0 4 4

Elective PHY 705 Thin films, Surfaces and Interfaces 3 1 0 4 4

Elective PHY 706 Nanotechnology in Energy Conversion and 3 1 0 4 4

Storage
Elective PHY707 Physics and Technology of Nanomaterials and 3 1 0 4 4
Nanostructures
Elective PHY 708 Solid State Ionics 3 1 0 4 4

Elective PHY 709 Quantum Computation 3 1 0 4 4

Elective PHY710 Introduction to Solid State and Modern 3 1 0 4 4

Physics
Elective PHY711 Introduction to Soft Matter Physics 3 1 0 4 4
 Department of Physics, SRM University AP
Course Name – Foundation in Experimental Physics
SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE CREDITS
L T P C
Foundation in
PHY 701 PhD CORE (EXP) 4
Experimental Physics 4 0 0

UNIT – I: Basics of Electronics

Semiconductor device physics, including diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices,
homo and heterojunction devices, device structure, device characteristics, frequency
dependence and applications; Optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors,
and LEDs; High-frequency devices, including generators and detectors; Operational
amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters,
comparators and similar circuits); A/D and D/A converters; Microprocessor and
microcontroller basics.

UNIT – II: Basics of Condensed Matter Physics

Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of solids;
Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and electronic specific
heat; Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of electrical and thermal
conductivity; Hall effect and thermoelectric power; Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and
ferromagnetism; Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of metals, insulators and
semiconductors; Superconductivity, type – I and type - II superconductors, Josephson
junctions; Defects and dislocations; Ordered phases of matter, translational and orientational
order, kinds of liquid crystalline order; Conducting polymers; Quasicrystals.

UNIT-III: Experimental techniques

Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors,
least squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Transducers
(temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical, and particle detectors),
measurement and control; Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching,
amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction,
shielding and grounding; Fourier transforms; lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation
techniques.

UNIT – IV: Materials Characterization Techniques

Metallography, microstructural characterization using Optical microscopy;

Diffraction techniques; Production of X-rays, crystal Structure determination using X-rays,
Neutrons and Electrons; Thermal analysis using DSC, DTA, TGA; Phase transitions;

Electron Microscopy: SEM, TEM, STM; Compositional characterization using EDAX, WDS

UNIT –V: Vacuum & Cryogenic techniques

Vacuum Pumps, pressure gauges; Thin films & applications: Methods of deposition,
measurement of thickness.

Cryogenic fluids, cryostats, feed-throughs, temperature control to low temperatures,

Properties at low temperatures

Reference Books:

• Experimental Physics: Modern Methods by R. A. Dunlap (1997 Ed.) – Oxford

University Press
• Advanced practical physics by Worsnop and Flint
• Building Scientific Apparatus by Moore, Davis, Coplan and Greer
• Experimental Techniques for Low-Temperature Measurements - Jack Ekin( 2006)

Course Name – Foundations in Physics

SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE CREDITS
Foundations in PhD ELECTIVE L T P C
PHY 704
Theoretical Physics (EXP) 3 1 0 4

Unit I

Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Problems, Ehrenfest theorem, Problems on Hermitian Operator,
Problems on Commutation, Eigen Value Equation, Linear Vector Space, Hilbert Space, Schrödinger’s
time dependent and time independent wave equations, Scattering states, Reflection and transmission
of particles, Problems on Delta function potential well, Problems on Spherical Harmonic oscillator in
one dimension, Energy Eigen functions and Eigen values coordinates precession, Problems on Infinite
square well and finite square well potential

Unit II

Angular momentum (Lx,Ly,Lz), Generalized Angular momentum (Jx,Jy,Jz), Addition of Angular

Momentum, Eigen values of angular momentum, Spin ½ and 1 system, Problems on Angular
momentum, Principle of Variational method, Proof of Variational method and problems, Energy
Eigen value in case of Time independent perturbation theory for non-degenerate energy levels, Eigen
Function in case of Time independent perturbation theory for non-degenerate energy levels, problems
on perturbation theory, problems on Fermi’s golden rule and selection rule
Unit III

Two particle system’s Schrödinger equation, Transformation to center of mass frame from laboratory
frame, Exchange operator, Symmetrization of wave function, Bosons and Fermions, spin-statistics
connection, Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure, WKB approximation, Elementary theory of scattering
and numerical, phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations.

Unit IV

Thermodynamical laws and their consequences; Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations;

Chemical potential, phase equilibria; Phase space, micro- and macrostates of thermodynamic systems;
Various ensembles (microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical) and partition functions; Free
energies and connection with different thermodynamic quantities;

Unit V

First- and higher-order phase transitions with examples; Classical and quantum statistics of particles,
ideal Fermi and Bose gases; detailed balance; Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law;
Bose-Einstein condensation; Random walk and Brownian motion; Introduction to nonequilibrium
processes; Classical Linear Response Theory, Brownian Motion, Master Equation, Fokker-Planck
Equation, Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem.

Reference Books
1. David J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics”, Second Edition, Pearson, 2009
2. AjoyGhatak and S. Lokanathan, “Quantum Mechanics”, Fifth Edition, Macmillan, 2009
3. M. Plischke and B. Bergersen, Equilibrium Statistical Physics, World Scientific
4. Principles of Condensed Matter Physics, P. M. Chaikin, T. C. Lubensky, CambridgeUniversity
Press

L T P C
PHY702 Introduction to Photonics
3 1 0 4
Co-requisite: NIL
Prerequisite: NIL
Data Book /
NIL
Codes/Standards
Course Category
Course designed by Department of Physics
Approval -- Academic Council Meeting -- , 2018

PURPOSE The purpose of this course is to introduce students about the basics of optical principles
and the ways to develop the photonic devices such as lasers and detectors.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES STUDENT

OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, student will be able to
1. To provide a comprehensive background of optical principles
2. To provide a comprehensive background of quantum mechanical
description of light

3. To discuss the various analytical techniques for analyzing the optical

signals

C-
Session Description of Topic Contact
D-I- IOs Reference
hours
O
9
UNIT I –Introduction to photonics

1. 1 C 3
Introduction to light ~ wave vs particle I

2. Introduction to light ~ wave vs particle II 1 C 3

3. Polarization of electromagnetic waves 1 C 1,3

4. Polarization ellipse 1 C 1,3
5. Mueller and Jones matrices 1 C,O 1,3
6. Fresnel and Fraun-hoffer diffraction of light 1 C 3
7. Coherence of light I 1 C 3
8. Coherence of light II 1 C 3
9. Van-Cittert Zernike theorem 1 C,O 3
9
UNIT II – Interaction of light with matter
10. Interaction of radiation with matter – threshold conditions 1 C 5
11. 2-level and 3-level laser systems 1 C 5
12. Einstein’s theory for lasers 1 C.D 5
13. CW and Pulsed operations in lasers 1 C 5
14. Characteristics of laser beam 1 C 5
15. Non-linear materials – higher harmonic generations 1 C 5
16. Optical resonators I 1 C 5
17. Optical Resonators II 1 C 5
18. Q-switching and Mode locking of lasers 1 C 5
UNIT III – Introduction to Fibre Optics 9

19. Introduction to fibres 1 C 6

20. Description of fibres – Numerical aperture 1 C 6

21. Propagation of light through fibre 1 C 6

22. Preparation of fibres 1 C,D 6

23. Fibre couplers and connectors 1 C,D 6

24. Optical detectors 1 C 6

25. Fibre Amplifiers 1 C 6

26. Fibres for different spatial modes of light 1 C 6

27. Integrated fibre optics 1 C 6

UNIT IV: Photon Statistics 9

28. Introduction 1 C 4

29. Photon statistics of laser light 1 C,D 4

30. Derivation of Poissonian statistics 1 C 4

31. Description of thermal light – Bunching of photons 1 C 4

32. Anti-bunching of light 1 C 4

33. Sub and super Poissonian statistics 1 C 4

34. Description of Quantum light 1 C 4

35. Ideal single photon sources 1 C 4

36. Heralded single photon sources 1 C 4

UNIT V: Holography and Optical Imaging 9

37. Introduction to Holography 1 C 3

38. Computer generated holography 1 C 3

Generation of structured light using holography
39. 1 C 3

40. Review of Imaging 1 C 3

 41. Fourier transforms for imaging 1 C 3

42. Reconstruction of phase using holography 1 C 3

43. Bio-imaging 1 C 3

44. Optical Trapping and tweezers 1 C 3

45. Optical Coherence tomography 1 C 3

Total contact hours 45

LEARNING RESOURCES
TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCE BOOKS/OTHER READING MATERIAL
1 Polarized light by Goldstein
2 Nonlinear Optics, 3rd Ed. by Robert Boyd
3 Introduction to Optics by Hecht

4 Quantum optics by Mark Fox

5 Lasers by Silfvast
6 Fibre Optics by Ajoy Ghatak

CREDITS
SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE
Computational PhD ELECTIVE L T P C
PHY 703
Material Science (EXP) 3 1 0 4

Introduction
Computational Materials Science, Goals and Approach, Basic Procedure of computational Materials
Science Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Monte Carlo Methods, Schrödinger’s Wave Equation,
Energy Operator: Hamiltonian Ĥ, Plane Wave, Standing Wave, Superposition principles of waves,
Indistinguishability of electrons, Infinite and Finite Well Problems, Hydrogen Atom, Degenerate
States.
First-Principles Methods
Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, n-Electron Problem, Hartee method: One-electron model,
Hartee-Fock method: Expression for Ψ(r), Orthogonality of wave functions, Expression for E,
Variational Principles, Variational approach to the search for the ground-state energy, Self-Consistent
procedure, First-Principles Methods.
Density Functional Theory – I
Reduced Density Matrices; Gilbert Theorem; Role of electron density; The problem of v-
representability and N-representability; Hohenberg-Kohn Theorems; Kohn-Sham (KS) Equation; KS
Orbitals & KS Eigenvalues
Density Functional Theory – II
Exchange-Correlation (XC) Hole; Local Density Approximation (LDA); Generalized Gradient
Approximation (GGA); Jacob’s Ladder for improved XC Functional; Practical aspects of solving KS
Equations: Self-consistency, Iterative Diagonalization, DOS, Bands, Total Energy and other
Properties, Spin-polarized DFT; Limitations and cautionary remarks in using DFT. Quasiparticle
Representations, Quasiparticle System Replacing n-electron System, DFT for Excited States, Finite-
temperature DFT, Time Dependent DFT
Molecular Dynamics
Atomic Model in MD, Classical mechanics, Molecular dynamics, Pair Potentials, Embedded atom
method potentials, Tersoff potential, Potential for ionic solids, N-atom system, Verlet algorithm,
Velocity Verlet algorithm, Predictor-corrector algorithm, Potential cutoff, Periodic boundary
conditions, Number of atoms, Initial position and velocities, Timestep, Total simulation time, Type of
ensembles, Energies, Structural Properties

Reference Books:
1) June Gunn Lee, Computational Materials Science, CRC Press 2015 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis
Group, LLC.
2) Richard M. Martin, Electronic Structure – Basic Theory and Practical Methods, © 2004,
Cambridge University press, ISBN 0 521 78285 6 hardback.
3) David S. Sholl, Janice A. Steckel, Density functional theory, A Practical Introduction, Copyright
© 2009 by John Wiley & Sons.

Course Name – Thin Film, Surface and Interfaces

SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE CREDITS
Thin Film, Surface PhD ELECTIVE L T P C
PHY 705
and Interfaces (EXP) 3 1 0 4

UNIT – I: Introduction

What is the surface? Why is it important? Historical importance and achievements, Future
prospects.

Role of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) in surface science, vacuum techniques, preparation of a

clean surface, in-situ experiment

UNIT-II: Surface Growth Processes

Basic theory of epitaxial growth – observation and method of atomic steps, 2D-island
nucleation and step flow growth modes, morphological instability of atomic steps.
Thin Film Deposition Methods – brief discussions on major thin-film growth techniques like
PLD, MBE, MOCVD, ALD, Sputtering and thermal evaporation.

UNIT – III: Surface Characterization Techniques

Surface chemical composition: AES, XPS, RBS, SIMS, XAS

Surface atomic structure: surface tension, relaxation, reconstruction, defects surface lattice,
LEED, RHEED, PEEM, SPM , SEM, TEM, SEXAFS, PED

Surface electronic structure: Surface potential and work function, surface states, band
bending, surface, plasmons, PES (XPS, UPS), Inverse Photoemission, EELS, Kelvin Probe

UNIT – IV: Properties of Surface

Mechanical properties: Choice of substrate and epitaxiality, compressive and tensile strain on
film growth, role of interface.

Electrical Properties: Conduction in metallic thin-films, superconducting, semiconducting

and dielectric thin-films.

Magnetic Properties: Magnetism in thin-films and hetero-structures, Important length scales,

Domains and hysteresis, Role of interfaces, Interaction of magnetism and superconductivity
in oxide hetero-structures.

UNIT –V: Applications:

Semiconductor industry – Application of semiconductor and dielectric thin-films and hetero-

structures, FINFET etc.

Magnetic thin-film application in spintronics, MRAM.

Defence and space applications:

Self-cleaning, lubrication and microfluidic application using wettability study of thin-film

surfaces.

Recommended textbooks
1. H. Lüth: Surface and Interfaces of Solids, Springer-Verlag 2001

2. M. C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: Concepts in Surface Physics, Springer, 1998.

3. M. Prutton: Introduction to Surface Physics, Oxford Science Publications, 1994

4. A. Zangwill: Physics at Surfaces, Cambridge University Press 1988

5. N. V. Richardson, S. Holloway: Handbook of Surface Science, North-Holland, 1996

6. R. I. M.Hohn, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces,Wiley & Sons,

Inc. 1996

7. D. P. Woodruff, T. A. Delchar: Modern Techniques of Surface Science, Cambridge

University Press, 1994

8. G. Attard, C. Barnes: Surfaces, Oxford University Press, 1998

9. D.Briggs, J.T. Grant: Surface Analysis by Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,

IM Publications, 2003

10. D.Briggs, M. P. Seah: Practical Surface Analysis: Auger and X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy, Wiley, 1990

Course Name – Nanotechnology in Energy Conversion and Storage

SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE CREDITS
Nanotechnology in L T P C
PhD ELECTIVE
PHY 706 Energy Conversion (EXP) 3 1 0 4
and Storage

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION (9 hours) Nanotechnology for sustainable energy- Energy conversion

process, indirect and direct energy conversion-Materials for light emitting diodes-batteries-advanced
turbines-catalytic reactors-capacitors-fuel cells.

UNIT II - RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (9 hours) Energy challenges, development

and implementation of renewable energy technologies- nanotechnology enabled renewable energy
technologies -Energy transport, conversion and storage- Nano, micro, and poly crystalline and
amorphous Si for solar cells, Nano-micro Si-composite structure, various techniques of Si deposition.

UNIT III - MICRO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY (9 hours) 26 SRM-M.Tech.-Nano-2015-16

Micro-fuel cell technologies, integration and performance for micro-fuel cell systems - thin film and
microfabrication methods - design methodologies - micro-fuel cell power sources.

UNIT IV - MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS (9 hours) Nano-electromechanical systems and novel

microfluidic devices - nano engines - drivingmechanisms - power generation - microchannel battery -
micro heat engine (MHE) fabrication - thermocapillary forces -Thermocapillary pumping (TCP) -
piezoelectric membrane.

UNIT V - HYDROGEN STORAGE METHODS (9 hours) Hydrogen storage methods - metal

hydrides - size effects - hydrogen storage capacity -hydrogen reaction kinetics - carbon-free cycle-
gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities- hydriding/dehydriding kinetics -high enthalpy of
formation - and thermal management during the hydriding reaction.
REFERENCES

1. Twidell. J. and Weir. T “Renewable Energy Resources”, E & F N Spon Ltd, 1986.

2. Martin A Green, “Solar cells: Operating principles, technology and system applications”, Prentice
Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, 1981.

3. Moller. H J “Semiconductor for solar cells”, Artech House Inc, 1993.

4. Ben G Streetman, “Solid state electronic device”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.,1995.

5. Kettani. M.A “Direct energy conversion”, Addision Wesley Reading, 1970.

6. Linden , “Hand book of Batteries and fuel cells”, Mc Graw Hill, 1984.

7. Hoogers , “Fuel cell technology handbook”. CRC Press, 2003. 8. Vielstich, “Handbook of fuel
cells: Fuel cell technology and applications”, Wiley, CRC Press, 2003.

Course Name – Physics and Technology of Nanomaterials and

Nanostructures
SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE CREDITS
Physics and L T P C
Technology of PhD ELECTIVE
PHY 707
Nanomaterials and (EXP) 3 1 0 4
Nanostructures

UNIT – I: Introduction

What are nanostructures? What makes nanostructures unique and interesting?

Schrödinger equation and free particle, Potential well, quantization, and bound states,
Quantum well, wire and dot, Density of states, Tunnelling.

UNIT – II: Physical properties of Nano-structures

Finite-size effects on physical properties

Transport properties: 2D electron gas (2DEG), Coherent quantum transport, 2DEG in a

magnetic field and quantum Hall effect, Quantum dots: Coulomb blockade and resonant
tunneling.

Optical Properties: Optoelectronics of quantum wells and superlattices, Optical properties of

quantum dot systems, Luminescence from Si-based nanostructures.

Magnetic Properties: Magnetism at the nanoscale, Spin-based electronics, GMR

Properties of Special Nanostructures: Quantum dots, Quantum wells, Nano-clusters,
Nanotubes & Nanowires (SWCNT, MWCNT), Graphene & other layered materials (2D-
TMDC).

UNIT-III: Fabrication of nano-structures

Top-down and bottom-up approaches of nanomaterial synthesis; Physical and Chemical

Vapor deposition, Vapour-liquid-solid synthesis, Chemical synthetic protocols; Sol-gel;
Hydrothermal synthesis; Mechanical milling; Nanocluster deposition; Other novel methods
of nanomaterial synthesis.

Lithographic techniques: electron beam lithography, x-ray lithography, nanoimprint

lithography, dip-pen lithography.

UNIT – IV: Characterization of nano-structures

Scanning probe and tunneling microscopy: Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Atomic
force microscopy (AFM), Variants of STM/AFM, Near-field scanning optical microscopy
(NSOM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) & transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

X-ray diffraction; Electron Microscopy; scanning near field optical microscopy; X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy;

Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy with emphasis on information that can be

extracted about nanomaterials such as size and shape of particles, crystal structure.

UNIT –V : Applications of NSs:

Single electron devices; sensors; resistive memories; nano-electro mechanical systems;

plasmonics; drug delivery; therapy and diagnostics; energy harvesting, storage and
generation; superhydrophobic surfaces.

Molecular electronics: Electronic properties and device function of molecules, Assembly of

molecule-based electronic devices

Recommended textbooks
Introduction to Nanotechnology , by Charles Poole and Frank Owens (Wiley publishers)
Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices by Sulabha K. Kulkarni, (Springer)
Fabrication Engineering at the Micro- and Nanoscale (The Oxford Series in Electrical and
Computer Engineering) 4th Edition by Stephen A. Campbell

Course Name – Solid State Ionics

SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE CORE/ ELECTIVE CREDITS

 PhD ELECTIVE L T P C
PHY 708 Solid State Ionics (EXP) 3 1 0 4

UNIT – I: Crystallography

Crystalline and amorphous solids, Glasses, Bonding in solids: ionic, covalent, and metallic
bonding, Fundamental concepts of crystals, Lattice points and space lattice, Crystal systems,
Bravais lattices, Crystal directions, Miller indices, Interplanar spacing, Bragg’s law, Crystal
structure of NaCl, Diamond, sodium beta alumina, BaTiO3, CaF2, AgI, PbSnF4, RbAgI4

UNIT-II: Basic concepts underlying the ionic conductivity in solids

Imperfections in solids, Kröger-Vink Notation for Point Defects, Point Defect Formation and
Equilibrium, Law of Mass-action

Basic Concepts of Diffusion, Tracer Diffusion, Self Diffusion, Chemical Diffusion,

Ambipolar Diffusion, Ionic Conduction in Crystalline Solids, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Ionic
Conduction, Transference Number, Nernst-Einstein Relationship, and Conductivity-
Diffusion Relationship

UNIT – III: Fast ion conductors

Difference between fast ion conductors and normal ion conductors, Advantages of fast ion
conductors

Classification of solid electrolytes based on the type of the mobile ion

Classification of solid electrolytes based on phase and microstructure: (a) Framework

Crystalline/Polycrystalline materials, (b) Glassy electrolytes, (c) Polymer electrolytes, (d)
Dispersed phase solid electrolytes/Composites (e) ionic liquids

UNIT – IV: Experimental Techniques

Structural analysis: X-ray Diffraction, Neutron diffraction

Microstructural analysis: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High

Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Thermal analysis: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis

(DTA), Thermogravimetric Analysis

Transport studies: Complex impedance spectroscopy, Ionic transport number determination,

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
UNIT –V : Solid State Ionic Devices

Batteries and its types, Li-ion batteries, Thermodynamics and mass transport in all solid state
batteries, Fuel cells, Sensors, Supercapacitors, Electrochromic devices.

Recommended textbooks
1. Joachim Maier, Physical Chemistry of Ionic Materials: Ions and Electrons in Solids,
Wiley, 2004.
2. A.L. Laskar and S. Chandra (eds), Superionic Solids and Solid electrolytes -Recent
Trends, , Academic Press, 1989.
3. Anthony R West, Solid State Chemistry and Its applications, Wiley

L T P C
PHY 709 Quantum Computation
3 1 0 4
Co-requisite: NIL
Prerequisite: PHY213 Quantum Mechnics
Data Book /
NIL
Codes/Standards
Course Category Elective
Course designed by Department of Physics
Approval Academic Council Meeting, 2019 (Regulation - 2019)

PURPOSE The course represents a comprehensive survey on the concept of quantum computing
with an exposition of qubits, quantum logic gates, quantum algorithms and
Implementation. Starting with the main definitions of the theory of computation, the
course mostly deals with the application of the laws of quantum mechanics to quantum
computing and quantum algorithms.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES STUDENT
OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, student will be able to
4. know the definition of qubit, quantum logic gates, quantum circuits
and quantum algorithms
5. understand how quantum parallelism is used in the simplest quantum
algorithms such as Deutsch, period finding and quantum Fourier transform
6. know the basic requirements for implementation of quantum
computers and classify the schemes for implementation of quantum
computers

Contact
Session Description of Topic C-D-I-O IOs Reference
hours
Unit 1 Matrix and Tensor 9 1,2
 1. Basis vectors and orthogonality 1 C 1,2

2. Matrices Hilbert spaces 1 C 1,2

3. Tensors in index notation 1 C-D 1,2

4. Inner and outer products 1 C 1,2

5. Kronecker and Levi Civita tensors 1 C 1,2

6.
Contraction, symmetric and antisymmetric
1 C-D 1,2
tensors, quotient law
7.
Metric tensors, covariant and contravariant
1 C-D 1,2
tensors
8. Unitary operators and projectors 1 C 1,2

9. Dirac notation 1 C 1,2

Unit 2 Introduction and Overview

10. Qubits and pieces 1 C-D 1,2

11. Bloch sphere 1 C-D 1,2

12. Qquantum mechanical probabilities 1 C-D 1,2

13. Quantum behaviors 1 C-D 1,2

14. History of quanta 1 C-D 1,2

15. Base states and superposition 1 C-D 1,2

16. Structural randomness 1 C-D 1,2

17. Measurement: how long is a qubit? 1 C-D 1,2

18. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle 1 C-D 1,2

Fundamentals of Quantumness and Quantum
Unit 3 9
Circuit
19. Abramsky-Coecke semantics 1 C-D 1,2

20. no-cloning theorem 1 D-I 1,2

21. quantum entanglement 1 D-I 1,2

22. Bell states 1 D-I 1,2

 23. Bell inequalities 1 D-I 1,2

24. Pauli, Hadamard gates 1 D-I 1,2

25. phase, CNOT, Toffoli gates 1 D-I 1,2

26. quantum teleportation 1 D-I 1,2

27. universality of two-qubit gates 1 D-I 1,2

Unit 4 Quantum Algorithms 9

28. Deutsch-Josza algorithm 1 D-I 1,2

29. Deutsch-Josza algorithm application 1 D-I 1,2

30. Simon’s problem 1 D-I 1,2

31. quantum Fourier transform 1 D-I 1,2

32. Shor’s Algorithm - Periodicity 1 D-I 1,2

Shor’s period-finding algorithm
33. 1 D-I 1,2

34. Shor’s Algorithm – Preparing and Data Modular 1 D-I 1,2

Arithmetic
35.
Shor’s Algorithm - Superposition Collapse,
1 D-I 1,2
Entangelment and QFT
36. Grover's searching algorithms 1 D-I 1,2

Unit 5 Quantum Computer 9

37. Quantum key distribution 1 I-O 1,2

38.
Physical realization of quantum computation:
1 I-O 1,2
ion trap
resonance (NMR) and
Physical realization of solid-state-based
quantum computation:
39. 1 I-O 1,2
quantum
cavity computers
QED
40.
Physical realization of quantum computation:
1 I-O 1,2
nuclear magnetic
41. Quantum Error Correction 1 I-O 1,2

42. Quantum Error Correction Example 1 I-O 1,2

43. physical qubits 1 I-O 1,2

44. noise and decoherence 1 I-O 1,2

 45. Quantum cryptography 1 I-O 1,2

Total contact hours 45

LEARNING RESOURCES

TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCE BOOKS/OTHER READING MATERIAL

Phillip Kaye, Raymond Laflamme, and Michele Mosca (2007). An Introduction to

1
Quantum Computing. Oxford University Press.
Michael A. Nielsen and Isaac L. Chuang (2000). Quantum Computation and Quantum
2
Information. Cambridge University Press.

L T P C
PHY 711M Introduction to Soft matter physics
3 1 0 4
Co-requisite: NIL
Prerequisite: Mechanics I
Data Book /
NIL
Codes/Standards
Course Category CORE
Course designed by Department of Physics
Approval -- Academic Council Meeting -- , 2020

PURPOSE The purpose of this course is to introduce the students with the physics of
membranes, polymers and structural stability in biological and other objects.

STUDENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1.Understand the interactions and energy scales involved in soft
matter physics
2.Apply those concepts in understanding stability and fluctuations in
biological cells and membranes
3.Understand the concept of fluid flow and hydrodynamic instabilities

4.Understand the concept of elastic properties of polymers

 Contact C-D-
Session Description of Topic IOs Reference
hours I-O

UNIT-I- Interactions in soft matters 12

1. What is soft matter? 1 C 1,2

2. Forces, energies and time scales in soft matter 1 C 1,2

3. Surface tension 1 C 1,2

4. Surface energy 1 D 1,2

Wetting phenomena: Young’s equation and contact
5. 1 D 1,2
angle
6. Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity 1 C 1,2
7. Capillarity 1 C 1,2
Van der Waals interaction (molecules and
8. 1 C 1,2
colloids); stability and aggregation
9. Entropy driven interactions 1 C 1,2
10. Tutorial I 1 D-I 1,2
11. Tutorial II 1 D-I 1,2
12. Tutorial III 1 D-I
UNIT II – Elements of complex fluids motion 12

13. Random walks and diffusion equation 1 C 1,2

14. Brownian motions of colloidal particles 1 C 1,2
15. Langevin equation 1 C 1,2
16. Fokker-Planck equation 1 C 1,2
17. Hydrodynamics: Navier-Stokes equation 1 D 1,2
18. Reynolds number 1 C 1,2
19. Linearization: Stokes law 1 C 1,2
20. Hard sphere suspension 1 D-I 1,2
21. Linear viscoelasticity 1 D-I 1,2
22. Tutorial IV 1 D-I 1,2
23. Tutorial V 1 D-I 1,2
24. Tutorial VI 1 D-I 1,2
UNIT III – Self-assembly and membranes 12
25. Concept of self-assembly 1 C 1,2
Aggregation of amphiphilic molecules; critical
26. 1 C 1,2
micelle concentration
27. Self-assembly in viruses 1 C 1,2
28. Self-assembly in colloidal systems 1 C-D 1,2

29. Applications of self-assembly in nanotechnology 1 C-D 1,2

30. Lipid bilayers and cell membranes 1 C 1,2

31. Curvature elasticity in membranes 1 D 1,2

32. Fluctuations in membranes 1 C-D 1,2

33. Problems on Fluctuations in membranes 1 D 1,2
34. Tutorial VII 1 D-I 1,2
35. Tutorial VIII 1 D-I 1,2
36. Tutorial IX 1 D-I 1,2

UNIT IV: Polymers 12

37. Examples of polymers 1 D 1,2

38. Polymers and biological macromolecules 1 C 1,2
39. Polymer statistics: single polymer chain 1 C 1,2
40. Self-avoiding walk 1 D 1,2
41. Entropic forces and excluded volumes 1 C 1,2
42. Persistence length 1 C 1,2
43. DNA as polymer chain 1 C 1,2
44. Phase transition and Flory theory of polymers 1 C 1,2
45. Rubber elasticity 1 D 1,2

46. Tutorial X 1 D-I 1,2

47. Tutorial XI 1 D-I 1,2
48. Tutorial XII 1 D-I 1,2

UNIT V: Percolation theory 12

49. Concept of fractals; examples 2 D 2,3
50. Fractal dimension 2 C 2,3
Definition: site and bond percolation in regular
51. 1 C 2,3
lattices
52. Percolation transition; order parameter 1 C 2,3
 53. Critical exponents in percolation; cluster statistics 1 C-D 2,3
54. Lattice animals 2 C-D 2,3
55. Application: Fluid flow through porous media 1 C-D 2,3
Application: Cross-linking polymers; De Gennes’
56. 1 D 2,3
theory of polymer elasticity from percolation theory
57. Rigidity percolation and fracture 1 D 2,3
58. Tutorial XIII 1 D-I 2,3
59. Tutorial XIV 1 D-I 2,3
60. Tutorial XV 1 D-I 2,3

Total contact hours 60

LEARNING RESOURCES
TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCE BOOKS/OTHER READING MATERIAL
1 Principles of condensed matter physics, P. M. Chaikin, T. C. Lubensky,
Cambridge university press (2000)
2 Intermolecular and surface forces, J. N. Israelachvili, Elsevier, ISBN: 978-0-12-375182-9
(2011)
3 Wineman. A.S & Rajagopal, K.R., Mechanical response of polymers- An Introduction,
Cambridge University Press

Course nature Theory

Assessment Method (Weightage 100%)
Assessment
In- Mid Term I Mid Term II CLA1 CLA2 Total
tool
semester
Weightage 15% 15% 10% 10% 50%
End semester examination Weightage 50%