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Resistor Series and Combination

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3 views

Resistor Series and Combination

Uploaded by

atif83837
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Resistors in Series and

Parallel Circuits
Circuits
Can either be series or
parallel.
Series
Current only takes one path
for electrons
Current flows through
every part of the circuit
Lights in a Series
Series
If you add a resistor (like
another light):
Total resistance goes UP since all
the current has must go through
each resistor.
Adding Resistors to
Series:
Current in the circuit will go
DOWN (lights will dim)
If you remove a light bulb or
one burns out—all go out!
Resistors Connected in Series

Series-connected circuit elements carry


the same current
Equivalent Resistor

Req=R₁+R₂+R₃…
Exercise 9
What is the total
resistance of this
circuit?
1.) 66 ohms
2.) 60 ohms
3.) 54 ohms
4.) 25 ohms
5.) 15 ohms
Exercise 9
What is the current
that flows in this
circuit?
1.)10 amps
2.) 1 amp
3.) 0.1 amp
4.) 0.3 amp
5.) 0.03 amps
Exercise

Identify the resistors connected in series


Current in Series
Current is the same at all
points
Use Ohm’s Law to find
current using resistance and
voltage
Voltage in Series
Voltage is reduced by
each resistance – voltage
drop
Resistance in Series
Add up all resistors to get total
Total resistance will go up
because all of the current must
go through each resistor.
Parallel Circuits
Has at least one point where
current divides
More than one path for current to
flow
Paths are also known as branches
Lights in Parallel
Removing a Light Bulb
If you remove a light bulb or
one burns out, the others stay
on because the circuit is still
closed.
Current in Parallel
Current flows into a branching
point, the same total current must
flow out again
Current depends on resistance in
each branch
Voltage in Parallel
Voltage is the same across
each branch – because
each branch is on the same
wire
Resistance in Parallel
Calculate current in each branch
based on resistance in each
branch by using Ohm’s Law
Exercise 12

at is the total resistance of this circuit?


ohms
ohms
ohms
hms
hms
A
What is the current that flows in this
circuit at point A?
1.)288 amps
2.) 1.5 amp
3.) 0.1 amp
4.) 0.5 amp
5.) 0.03 amps
By placing all electric items in parallel
they receive the same voltage
By placing electrical items in series
they receive the same current
Toll Road—Circuit
Analogy
Batteries in Series and
Parallel:
In series—The voltage is
increased.
In parallel—No change in
voltage; these batteries will last
longer!
One More FINAL Thing:
Two Types of Current:
DC—Direct Current—
produced by solar cells and
chemical cells (batteries)
Current only flows in one
direction.
2ⁿᵈ type of current:
AC—Alternating Current
Current flows back and forth
(alternates)
Found in homes
Generators produce AC current
Resistors in circuits

To determine the current or voltage in a


circuit that contains multiple resistors, the
total resistance must first be calculated.

Resistors can be combined in series or


parallel.
Resistors in Series
When connected in series, the total
resistance (Rt) is equal to:

Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 +…

The total resistance is always larger than


any individual resistance.
Sample Problem
15 Ω 10 Ω 6 Ω
Calculate the total
current through the
circuit.

Rt = 15 Ω +10 Ω + 6 Ω

Rt = 31 Ω
10 V

I = V/Rt = 10 V/ 31 Ω = 0.32 A
Resistors in Series
Since charge has only one path to flow through,
the current that passes through each resistor is the
same.

The sum of all potential differences equals the


potential difference across the battery.

> R value = > V Value 5V 3V 2V

10 V
Resistors in Parallel
When connected in parallel, the total
resistance (Rt) is equal to:

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +…


Due to this reciprocal relationship, the total
resistance is always smaller than any
individual resistance.
Sample Problem
Calculate the total
resistance through this 12 Ω
segment of a circuit.
1/Rt = 1/12 Ω +1/4 Ω + 1/6 Ω 4Ω
= 1/12 Ω + 3/12 Ω + 2/12 Ω
1/Rt = 6/12 Ω = ½ Ω 6Ω
Rt = 2 Ω
Resistors in Parallel

Since there is more than one possible path,


the current divides itself according to the
resistance of each path.

smallest resistor = more current passes


largest resistor = least current passes
Resistors in Parallel

The voltage across each resistor in a


parallel combination is the same.
10 V

10 V

10 V

10 V
Calculate the total resistance in the
circuit below
3Ω 2Ω Rtot = 3 Ω + 2 Ω = 5 Ω

6Ω 4Ω Rtot = 6 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω

Rtot = 3 1/3
+ - Ω
1/Rtot = 2/10 Ω+ 1/10 Ω = 3/10 Ω
Lecture Quiz: Question 3
How much current I runs through this circuit:

A. 0.25 Amps
B. 0.375 A
C. 0.67 A
D. 1.50 A
E. 2.25 A
3V 4 4

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