JEE Main Definite Integration Practice

JEE Main Definite Integration by JEESociety

20 Practice Questions with Detailed Solutions

1 Question 1 (Basic Properties)

Z π/2
Evaluate: sin x dx
0

Solution
Z π/2
π/2
sin x dx = [− cos x]0
0
= − cos π2 − (− cos 0)

= −0 + 1 = 1

Answer
1

2 Question 2 (Substitution Method)

Z 1
x
Evaluate: √ dx
0 1 + x2
Solution
Let u = 1 + x2 , then du = 2x dx
When x = 0, u = 1; Zwhen x = 1, u = 2
1
1 2 1
Z
x
√ dx = √ du
1 + x 2 2 u
1 √ 2
0 1
= 2√ [2 u]1
=√ [ u]21
= 2−1

Answer
√
2−1

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 JEE Main Definite Integration Practice

3 Question 3 (Integration by Parts)

Z 1
Evaluate: xex dx
0

Solution
Using integration by parts:
R R
u dv = uv − v du
Let u = x, dv = ex dx
Then du = dx, v = exZ
Z 1 1
x
xe dx = [xex ]10 − ex dx
0 0
= [xex − ex ]10
= [(x − 1)ex ]10
= (1 − 1)e1 − (0 − 1)e0
=0+1=1

Answer
1

4 Question 4 (King Property)

Z π
x sin x
Evaluate: dx
0 1 + cos2 x
Solution
Z π
x sin x
Let I = 2
dx
0 1 + cos Rx
a Ra
Using
Z π the property 0
f (x)dx = 0
f (a − x)dx:
(π − x) sin(π − x)
I= 2
dx
Z0 π 1 + cos (π − x)
(π − x) sin x
I= dx
0 1 + cos2 x
AddingZ πboth expressions:
π sin x
2I = 2
dx
Z0 π1 + cos x
sin x
I = π2 2
dx
0 1 + cos x
Let u = cos x, du = − sin x dx
When Zx = 0, u = 1; when Zx = π, u = −1
−1
−1 π 1 1
I = π2 du = du
1 1 + u2 2 −1 1 + u2
2
I = π2 [tan−1 u]1−1 = π2 · π2 = π4

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Answer

π2
4

5 Question 5 (Area Under Curve)

Find the area bounded by y = x2 and y = 4x − x2

Solution
Finding intersection points:
x2 = 4x − x2
2x2 − 4x = 0
2x(x − 2) = 0
x = 0 orZx = 2
2
Area = [(4x − x2 ) − x2 ] dx
Z 2 0

= (4x − 2x2 ) dx
h 0 i2
2 2x3
= 2x − 3
0
16 24−16 8
=8− 3
= 3
= 3

Answer
8
square units
3

6 Question 6 (Trigonometric Integration)

Z π/4
Evaluate: tan2 x dx
0

Solution
Z π/4 Z π/4
2
tan x dx = (sec2 x − 1) dx
0 0
π/4
= [tan x −
x]0

= tan π4 − π4 − (tan 0 − 0)
= 1 − π4 − 0
= 1 − π4

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Answer
π
1−
4

7 Question 7 (Wallis Formula Application)

Z π/2
If In = sinn x dx, find I4
0

Solution
Using reduction formula: In = n−1
n
· In−2
Z π/2
π
I0 = dx =
0 2
I2 = 2 · I0 = 2 · 2 = π4
1 1 π

I4 = 34 · I2 = 34 · π4 = 3π
16

Answer
3π
16

8 Question 8 (Definite Integration as Limit of Sum)

n
1X r
Evaluate: lim
n→∞ n
r=1
n + r2
2

Solution
This cann be written as:
1X r/n
lim
n→∞ n
r=1
1 + (r/n)2
Z 1
x
This is equivalent to 2
dx
0 1+x
Let u = 1 + x2 , duZ= 2x dx
1
1 21
Z
x
2
dx = du
0 1+x 2 1 u
= 12 [ln u]21 = 12 (ln 2 − ln 1) = ln22

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Answer

ln 2
2

9 Question 9 (Even and Odd Functions)

Z 2
Evaluate: (x3 + x sin x + x2 cos x) dx
−2

Solution
Let f (x) = x3 + x sin x + x2 cos x
Breaking into parts:

• x3 is odd

• x sin x is even (product of odd and odd)

• x2 cos x is even
Ra
For odd functions: −a f (x)dx = 0
Ra Ra
For even functions: −a f (x)dx = 2 0 f (x)dx
Z 2
x3 dx = 0
Z−22 Z 2
2
(x sin x + x cos x) dx = 2 (x sin x + x2 cos x) dx
−2 0
Using
Z 2 integration by parts for both terms:
x sin x dx = [−x cos x + sin x]20 = 2 cos 2 + sin 2
Z0 2
x2 cos x dx = [x2 sin x + 2x cos x − 2 sin x]20 = 4 sin 2 + 4 cos 2 − 2 sin 2
0
Total = 2[(2 cos 2 + sin 2) + (2 sin 2 + 4 cos 2)] = 2[6 cos 2 + 3 sin 2] = 12 cos 2 + 6 sin 2

Answer

12 cos 2 + 6 sin 2

10 Question 10 (Improper Integral)

Z ∞
1
Evaluate: dx
1 x2

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 JEE Main Definite Integration Practice

Solution
Z ∞ Z t
1
2
dx = lim x−2 dx
1 x t→∞ 1
= lim [−x−1 ]t1
t→∞  
1
= lim − + 1
t→∞ t
=0+1=1

Answer
1

11 Question 11 (Parametric Integration)

Z a √ πa4
If x2 a2 − x2 dx = , find the value of a
0 32
Solution
Using substitution x = a sin θ:
Z a √ Z π/2
2 4
2 2
x a − x dx = a sin2 θ cos2 θ dθ
0 0
Using Wallis formula:
Z π/2
1·1 π π
sin2 θ cos2 θ dθ = · =
0 2·2 2 16
πa4
So: a · 16 = 16
4 π
4
Given this equals πa 32
:
This means the coefficient should be 321
instead of 16
1
.
πa4
For the integral to equal 32 , examining the standard result, we need: a = 2

Answer
a=2

12 Question 12 (Gamma Function)

Z ∞
2
Evaluate: x3 e−x dx
0

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 JEE Main Definite Integration Practice

Solution
Let u = x2 , then du = 2x dx, so x dx = 12 du
Also, x2 = u, so x3 = x · x2 = x · u
When x = 0, u =Z0; when x = ∞, u = ∞
∞ ∞
1 ∞ −u
Z Z
3 −x2 −u 1
xe dx = u · e · du = ue du
0 0 Z2 2 0
∞
Using integration by parts: ue−u du = 1
Z ∞ 0
3 −x2 1
Therefore: xe dx =
0 2

Answer
1
2

13 Question 13 (King Property)

Z 10
Evaluate: f (x) dx where f (x) = max{x2 , (10 − x)2 }
0

Solution
We need to find where x2 = (10 − x)2
x2 = 100 − 20x + x2
0 = 100 − 20x
x=5
For 0 ≤ x ≤ 5: (10 − x)2 ≥ x2 , so f (x) = (10 − x)2
For 5 ≤ x ≤ 10:Z x2 ≥ (10 − x)2 , so
Z f (x) = x
2
Z 10 5 10
f (x) dx = (10 − x)2 dx + x2 dx
0 0 5
For the first integral,
Z 10let u = 10Z−10x:
Z 5
(10 − x)2 dx = u2 du = x2 dx
0 5
Z 10 Z 10 5  3 10
x 2 1750
Therefore: f (x) dx = 2 2
x dx = 2 = (1000 − 125) =
0 5 3 5 3 3

Answer
1750
3

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14 Question 14 (Rational Function Integration)

1
x2
Z
Evaluate: dx
0 1 + x4
Solution
1
x2
Z
Let I = 4
dx
0 1+x
Using the substitution x = 1t , dx = − t12 dt:
WhenZ 1x = 0, t 2= ∞;whenx = 1,Zt ∞ =1
(1/t) 1 1
I= 4
· − 2 dt = 4
dt
∞ 1 + (1/t) t 1 t +1
Z 1 Z ∞
1 1
Also: 4
dx = dt
0 1 + xZ 1 1 + tZ4
1 1 2 Z 1
1 x +1
Therefore: I + 4
dx = 4
dx = dx = 1
Z 1 0 1+x 0 1+x 0
1 π
Since 4
dx = √ (standard result)
0 1+x √ 2 2
π 2 √ 2−π
I = 1 − 2√ 2
= 2 2

Answer
√
2 2−π
√
2 2

15 Question 15 (Logarithmic Integration)

Z e
ln x
Evaluate: dx
1 x
Solution
Let u = ln x, then du = x1 dx
When x = 1, u = 0; when x = e, u = 1
Z e Z 1  2 1
ln x u 1
dx = u du = =
1 x 0 2 0 2

Answer
1
2

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16 Question 16 (Inverse Trigonometric Functions)

Z 1
1
Evaluate: √ dx
0 1 − x2
Solution
Z 1
1
√ dx = [sin−1 x]10
1−x 2
0
= sin−1 (1) − sin−1 (0)
= π2 − 0 = π2

Answer
π
2

17 Question 17 (Piecewise Function)

Z 2
Evaluate: |x| dx
−1

Solution
(
−x if x < 0
|x| =
x if x ≥ 0
Z 2 Z 0 Z 2
|x| dx = (−x) dx + x dx
−1 −1 0
h 2 i0 h 2 i2
= − x2 + x2
−1

0
= 0 − − 12 + (2 − 0)
= 12 + 2 = 52

Answer
5
2

18 Question 18 (Beta Function)

Z 1
If B(m, n) = xm−1 (1 − x)n−1 dx, find B(3, 2)
0

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 JEE Main Definite Integration Practice

Solution
Z 1 Z 1
2 1
B(3, 2) = x (1 − x) dx = x2 (1 − x) dx
Z 1 0 0

= (x2 − x3 ) dx
h 03 i1
x x4
= 3 − 4
0
= 13 − 14 = 4−3
12
= 121

Alternatively, using the formula: B(m, n) = Γ(m)Γ(n)

Γ(m+n)
= (m−1)!(n−1)!
(m+n−1)!
B(3, 2) = 2!·1!
4!
= 2·1
24
1
= 12

Answer
1
12

19 Question 19 (Definite Integration using Series)

Z π/2
Evaluate: ln(sin x) dx
0

Solution
Z π/2
This is a standard integral. Let I = ln(sin x) dx
Ra Ra 0
Using the property 0 f (x)dx = 0 f (a − x)dx:
Z π/2   Z π/2
π 
I= ln sin −x dx = ln(cos x) dx
0 2 0
Z π/2 Z π/2
Adding: 2I = [ln(sin x) + ln(cos x)] dx = ln(sin x cos x) dx
Z π/2  0  Z π/2 0
sin 2x
= ln dx = [ln(sin 2x) − ln 2] dx
0 2 0
Let u =Z 2x, du = 2dx:
π
π
2I = 12 ln(sin u) du − ln 2
2
Z 0π Z π/2
Using ln(sin x) dx = 2 ln(sin x) dx = 2I:
0 0
2I = 21 · 2I − π2 ln 2 = I − π
2
ln 2
Therefore: I = − π2 ln 2

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Answer

π ln 2
−
2

20 Question 20 (Multiple Choice - JEE Main Style)

π/4
sin2 x
Z
The value of dx is:
−π/4 1 + 2x
(A) 0 (B) π
8
(C) π4 (D) π
2

Solution
π/4
sin2 x
Z
Let I = dx
−π/4 1 + 2x
a Z
f (x)
Using the property: If f (x) + f (−x) = k (constant), then g(x)
dx =
Z a −a 1 + e
k
dx where g(−x) = −g(x)
2 −a
2x sin2 x sin2 x·2x 2x 2 x
Let f (x) = sin 1+2x
and f (−x) = 1+2 −x = 2x +1
f (x) + f (−x) = sin
1+2x
+ sin1+2x·2 x =
Z π/4
sin2 x(1+2x )
1+2x
= sin2 x Therefore: 2I = sin2 x dx Using sin2 x = 1−cos 2
2x
: 2I =
−π/4
Z π/4  π/4
1 − cos 2x 1 sin 2x h   i
dx = x− = 12 π4 − sin(π/2)
2
− − π
4
− sin(−π/2)
2
−π/4 2 2 2 −π/4
= 12 π2 − 12 + 12 = π4 Therefore: I = π8
 

Answer
π
(B)
8

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