Chapter 6

1. The coefficient of kinetic friction:

A) is in the direction of the frictional force
B) is in the direction of the normal force
C) is the ratio of force to area
D) can have units of newtons
E) none of the above

2. A brick slides on a horizontal surface. Which of the following will increase the frictional
force on it?
A) Putting a second brick on top
B) Decreasing the surface area of contact
C) Increasing the surface area of contact
D) Decreasing the mass of the brick
E) None of the above

3. A 40-N crate rests on a rough horizontal floor. A 12-N horizontal force is then applied to it.
If the coefficients of friction are s = 0.5 and k = 0.4, the magnitude of the frictional force on
the crate is:
A) 8 N
B) 12 N
C) 16 N
D) 20 N
E) 40 N
4. A horizontal shove of at least 200-N is required to start moving an 800-N crate initially at rest
on a horizontal floor. The coefficient of static friction is:
A) 0.125
B) 0.25
C) 0.50
D) 4.00
E) none of these

5. A professor holds an eraser against a vertical chalkboard by pushing horizontally on it. She
pushes with a force that is much greater than is required to hold the eraser. The force of friction
exerted by the board on the eraser increases if she:
A) pushes with slightly greater force
B) pushes with slightly less force
C) stops pushing
D) pushes so her force is slightly downward but has the same magnitude
E) pushes so her force is slightly upward but has the same magnitude

6. A forward horizontal force of 12 N is used to pull a 240-N crate at constant velocity across a
horizontal floor. The coefficient of friction is:
A) 0.5
B) 0.05
C) 2
D) 0.2
E) 20

7. A crate rests on a horizontal surface and a woman pulls on it with a 10-N force. No matter
what the orientation of the force, the crate does not move. Rank the situations shown below
according to the magnitude of the frictional force of the surface on the crate, least to greatest.

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 2, 3, 1
D) 1, 3, 2
E) 3, 2, 1
8. A boy pulls a wooden box along a rough horizontal floor at constant speed by means of a
force ⃗
P as shown. In the diagram f is the magnitude of the force of friction, N is the magnitude of
the normal force, and Fg is the magnitude of the force of gravity. Which of the following must be
true?

A) P = f and N = Fg
B) P = f and N > Fg
C) P > f and N < Fg
D) P > f and N = Fg
E) none of these

9. A block of mass m is pulled along a rough horizontal floor by an applied force ⃗

T as shown.
The vertical component of the force exerted on the block by the floor is:

A) mg
B) mg – T cos 
C) mg + T cos 
D) mg – T sin 
E) mg + T sin 

10. A horizontal force of 12 N pushes a 0.50-kg book against a vertical wall. The book is
initially at rest. If s = 0.60 and k = 0.50, the acceleration of the book is:
A) 0 m/s2
B) 9.4 m/s2
C) 9.8 m/s2
D) 14.4 m/s2
E) 19.2 m/s2
11. A box rests on a rough board 10 meters long. When one end of the board is slowly raised to
a height of 6 meters above the other end, the box begins to slide. The coefficient of static friction
is:
A) 0.8
B) 0.25
C) 0.4
D) 0.6
E) 0.75

12. A block is placed on a rough wooden plane. It is found that when the plane is tilted 30 to
the horizontal, the block will slide down at constant speed. The coefficient of kinetic friction of
the block with the plane is:
A) 0.500
B) 0.577
C) 1.73
D) 0.866
E) 4.90

13. A crate is sliding down an incline that is 35 above the horizontal. If the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 0.40, the acceleration of the crate is:
A) 0 m/s2
B) 2.4 m/s2
C) 3.9 m/s2
D) 5.6 m/s2
E) 8.8 m/s2

14. Block A, with a mass of 50 kg, rests on a horizontal table top. The coefficient of static
friction is 0.40. A horizontal string is attached to A and passes over a massless, frictionless
pulley as shown. The smallest mass mB of block B, attached to the dangling end, that will start A
moving when it is attached to the other end of the string is:

A) 20 kg
B) 30 kg
C) 40 kg
D) 50 kg
E) 70 kg
15. A 1000-kg airplane moves in straight flight at constant speed. The force of air friction is
1800 N. The net force on the plane is:
A) 0 N
B) 11600 N
C) 1800 N
D) 9800 N
E) none of these

16. Why do raindrops fall with constant speed during the later stages of their descent?
A) The gravitational force is the same for all drops
B) Air resistance just balances the force of gravity
C) The drops all fall from the same height
D) The force of gravity is negligible for objects as small as raindrops
E) Gravity cannot increase the speed of a falling object to more than 9.8 m/s

17. A ball of mass m is thrown downward from the edge of a cliff with an initial speed that is
three times the terminal speed. Initially the drag force on it is
A) upward and greater than mg
B) upward and less than mg
C) downward and greater than mg
D) downward and less than mg
E) downward and equal to mg

18. An automobile moves on a level horizontal road in a circle of radius 30 m. The coefficient of
friction between tires and road is 0.50. The maximum speed with which this car can round this
curve is:
A) 3.0 m/s
B) 4.9 m/s
C) 9.8 m/s
D) 12 m/s
E) 147 m/s

19. Suppose a crate with a mass of 3kg is resting on a ramp. If the coefficient of static friction
between the crate and the ramp is 0.450, what maximum angle can the ramp make with the
horizontal before the crate starts to slip down? Show by means of a sketch all the forces acting in
on the crate.
Chapter 7

1. Which of the following bodies has the largest kinetic energy?

A) Mass 3M and speed V
B) Mass 3M and speed 2V
C) Mass 2M and speed 3V
D) Mass M and speed 4V
E) All four of the above have the same kinetic energy

2. A boy holds a 40-N weight at arm's length for 10 s. His arm is 1.5 m above the ground. The
work done by the force of the boy on the weight while he is holding it is:
A) 0 J
B) 6.1 J
C) 40 J
D) 60 J
E) 90 J

3. A crate moves 10 m to the right on a horizontal surface as a woman pulls on it with a 10-N
force. Rank the situations shown below according to the work done by her force, least to
greatest.

A) 1,2,3
B) 2,1,3
C) 2,3,1
D) 1,3,2
E) 3,2,1,

4. A 2-kg object is moving at 3 m/s. A 4-N force is applied in the direction of motion and then
removed after the object has traveled an additional 5 m. The work done by this force is:
A) 9 J
B) 18 J
C) 20 J
D) 29 J
E) 38 J

5. A sledge (including load) weighs 5000 N. It is pulled on level snow by a dog team exerting a
horizontal force on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sledge and snow is 0.05. How
much work is done by the dog team pulling the sledge 1000 m at constant speed?
A) 0 J
B) 2.5 ´105 J
C) 5.0 ´105 J
D) 2.5 ´106 J
E) 5.0 ´106 J

6. A crate is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless table. A constant horizontal force F is

applied. Which of the following five graphs is a correct plot of work W as a function of crate
speed v?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
7. A 5.0-kg cart is moving horizontally at 6.0 m/s. In order to change its speed to 10.0 m/s, the
net work done on the cart must be:
A) 20 J
B) 40 J
C) 90 J
D) 160 J
E) 400 J

8. The work done by gravity during the descent of a projectile is:

A) positive
B) negative
C) zero
D) depends for its sign on the direction of the y axis
E) depends for its sign on the direction of both the x and y axes

9. A 1.5 kg crate falls from a height of 2.0 m onto an industrial spring scale with a spring
constant of 1.5 ´105 N/m. At its greatest compression the reading on the scale is:
A) 15 N
B) 29 N
C) 1.5 ´103 N
D) 2.1 ´103 N
E) 3.0 ´103 N

10. A kilowatt hour is a unit of:

A) power
B) energy/time
C) energy
D) power/time
E) force/distance

11. A 50-N force is the only force on a 2-kg crate that starts from rest. At the instant the crate
has gone 2 m the rate at which the force is doing work is:
A) 2.5 W
B) 25 W
C) 75 W
D) 100 W
E) 500 W
12. A block of mass m = 0.50 kg slides across a friction-less surface with speed v = 0.6 m/s. It
runs into and compresses a spring (spring constant k = 700 N/m). When the block is for a
moment stopped by the spring, by what distance d is the spring compressed?

Chapter 8

1. A good example of kinetic energy is provided by:

A) a wound-up clock spring
B) the raised weights of a grandfather's clock
C) a tornado
D) a gallon of gasoline
E) an automobile storage battery

2. A body at rest in a system is capable of doing work if:

A) the potential energy of the system is positive
B) the potential energy of the system is is negative
C) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease its kinetic energy
D) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease the potential energy of the system
E) it is free to move in such a way as to increase the potential energy of the system

3. A force on a particle is conservative if:

A) its work equals the change in the kinetic energy of the particle
B) it obeys Newton's second law
C) it obeys Newton's third law
D) its work depends on the end points of the motion, not this the path between
E) it is not a frictional force

4. A projectile of mass 0.50 kg is fired with an initial speed of 10 m/s at an angle of 60 above
the horizontal. The potential energy of the projectile-Earth system when the projectile is at its
highest point (relative to the potential energy when the projectile is at ground level) is:
A) 25 J
B) 18.75 J
C) 12.5 J
D) 6.25 J
E) none of these
5. For a block of mass m to slide without friction up the rise of height h shown, it must have a
minimum initial kinetic energy of:

A) gh
B) mgh
C) gh/2
D) mgh/2
E) 2mgh

6. A toy cork gun contains a spring whose spring constant is 10.0 N/m. The spring is
compressed 5.00 cm and then used to propel a 6.00-g cork. The cork, however, sticks to the
spring for 1.00 cm beyond its unstretched length before separation occurs. The muzzle velocity
of this cork is:

A) 1.02 m/s
B) 1.41 m/s
C) 2.00 m/s
D) 2.04 m/s
E) 4.00 m/s

7. The thermal energy of a system consisting of a thrown ball, Earth, and the air is most closely
associated with:
A) the gravitational interaction of the Earth and the ball
B) the kinetic energy of the ball as a whole
C) motions of the individual particles within the ball
D) motions of individual particles within the ball and the air
E) the kinetic energy of Earth as a whole

8. Three identical blocks move either on a horizontal surface, up a plane, or down a plane, as
shown below. They all start with the same speed and continue to move until brought to rest by
friction. Rank the three situations according to the mechanical energy dissipated by friction, least
to greatest.

A) The same for all cases

B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, then 2 and 3 tie
D) 3, 1, 2
E) 2, 1, 3
9. A block slides across a rough horizontal table top. The work done by friction changes:
A) only the kinetic energy
B) only the potential energy
C) only the thermal energy
D) only the kinetic and potential energies
E) only the kinetic and thermal energies

10. A 0.75-kg block slides on a rough horizontal table top. Just before it hits a horizontal ideal
spring its speed is 3.5 m/s. It compresses the spring 5.7 cm before coming to rest. If the spring
constant is 1200 N/m, the thermal energy of the block and the table top must have:
A) not changed
B) decreased by 1.9 J
C) decreased by 2.6 J
D) increased by 1.9 J
E) increased by 2.6 J

Chapter 33

1. An electromagnetic wave is generated by:

A) any moving charge
B) any accelerating charge
C) only a charge with changing acceleration
D) only a charge moving in a circle
E) only a charge moving in a straight line

2. Select the correct statement:

A) ultraviolet light has a longer wavelength than infrared
B) blue light has a higher frequency than X rays
C) radio waves have a higher frequency than gamma rays
D) gamma rays have a higher frequency than infrared waves
E) electrons are a type of electromagnetic wave
3. Consider radio waves (r), visible light (v), infrared (i), X rays (x), and ultraviolet (u). In order
of increasing frequency, they are:
A) r, v, i, x, u
B) r, i, v, u, x
C) i, r, v, u, x
D) x, u, v, i, r
E) r, i, v, x, u

4. Which of the following is NOT true for electromagnetic waves?

A) they consist of changing electric and magnetic fields
B) they travel at different speeds in vacuum, depending on their frequency
C) they transport energy
D) they transport momentum
E) they can be reflected

5. The speed of light in vacuum is about:

A) 1100 ft/s
B) 93 106 mi/s
C) 6 1023 m/s
D) 3 1010 cm/s
E) 186,000 mph

6. Radio waves of wavelength 300 m have a frequency of:

A) 10–6 kHz
B) 108 kHz
C) 500 kHz
D) 1 MHz
E) 9 MHz

7. When light travels from medium X to medium Y as shown:

A) both the speed and the frequency decrease

B) both the speed and the frequency increase
C) both the speed and the wavelength decrease
D) both the speed and the wavelength increase
E) both the wavelength and the frequency are unchanged
8. When an electromagnetic wave meets a reflecting surface, the direction taken by the reflected
wave is determined by:
A) the material of the reflecting surface
B) the angle of incidence
C) the index of the medium
D) the intensity of the wave
E) the wavelength

9. The diagram shows the passage of a ray of light from air into a substance X. The index of
refraction of X is:

A) 0.53
B) 0.82
C) 1.2
D) 1.9
E) 3.0

10. If nwater = 1.33, what is the angle of refraction for the ray shown?

A) 19
B) 22
C) 40
D) 42
E) 48

11. The index of refraction for diamond is 2.5. Which of the following is correct for the situation
shown?

A) (sin a)/(sin b) = 2.5

B) (sin b)/(sin d) = 2.5
C) (cos a)/(cos c) = 2.5
D) (sin a)/(sin c) = 1/(2.5)
E) a/c = 2.5
12. The separation of white light into colors by a prism is associated with:
A) total internal reflection
B) partial reflection from each surface
C) variation of index of refraction with wavelength
D) a decrease in the speed of light in the glass
E) selective absorption of various colors

13. The index of refraction of benzene is 1.80. The critical angle for total internal reflection, at a
benzene-air interface, is about:
A) 56
B) 47
C) 34
D) 22
E) 18