Ex/PG/DB/SWRE/12/2023

M.E. (Water Resources & Hydraulic Engg.) Examination (6 Semester), 2023

(4th Semester)
RIVER HYDRAULICS & ENGINEERING

(Paper- IX)
Time : Three Hours Full Marks: 100
Answer any four questions.

1. a) Differentiate between gradually varied unsteady flow (GVUF) and rapidly yaried unsteady
flow (RVUF) with some examples.
b) Prove that the maximum uniform absolute velocity of the wave V is 5/3 times of normal
velocity for a wide rectangular channel.
c) Using the. differential equation of monoclonal rising wave prove that during the rising stages in
a flood flow, the actual discharge (Q) is larger than the discharge read by the normal stage
discharge relationship (Q,).
d) Explain the characteristics-grid method to determine coordinate, velocity, celerity and time at a
new point assuming the values for two known points.
e) Explain diffusing scheme and leap-frog scheme.
3+5+6+7+4 = 25

2. a) Prove the following relation for river flood waves:

s, =S,-|1-(-1y
b) Differentiate betweeh dynamic wave and diffusive wave.
c) An observer measures the flow depth in a 600 m wide rectangular river inclined at a bed slope
of 0.002S with Manning coefficient 0.016. Initially, the flow depth is 10 m and the water level
rises at a rate of 1l m/h. Calculate (i) the initial discharge at a distance of 1.1 km downstream,
() relative magnitude of the acceleration terms in the St. Venant equation and (ii) determine
whether the flood wave attenuates as it propagates downstrearm.
9+6+10 = 25

3. a) Define Reimann invariants.

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b) Draw and explain the characteristic lines for suberitical and supercritical flow (in
positive and
negative directions) using the method of characteristics.
c) Sketch and differentiate between "region of
constant state" and "simple wave region'".
d) Consider a long channel carrying uniform flow at the
upstream end of which a disturbance is
introduced at the time T. Let V, and C be the velocity and celerityprior to the
introduction
of the disturbance. Then prove that for a point C at
x-0 having , >T:
dx 3
dt 2
e) Water flows at a depth of 2.0 m and a velocity of 1.3
m/s in a rectangular channel into a arge
lake. The level of water in the lake is initially the same as that in the
river but suddenly starts
falling and the velocity at the junction with the lake starts increasing at the
rate of 0.3 m/s per
hour for a period of 4 hours. Determine how long it takes for the
velocity in the river at a
distance of 2 km upstream of the lake to increase to 1.9 m/s. How far upstream of the
lake is
the flow velocity affected at this moment? Assume S, = S,
=0.
3+4+4+4+10 =25

4. a) Prove the following relationship when a sluice gate in a

horizontal channel suddenly raised to
cause a quick change in the depth and hence a positive surge travelling downstream. ASSume
proper notations.

4(4':-4y)
V,=t|g 4 (4,-A)
b) A rectangular channel carries a flow with a velocity of 0.65 m/s and a depth of 1.40 m. If the
discharge is abruptly increased threefold by a sudden lifting of a gate on the upstream, estimate
the velocity and the height of the resulting surge.
c) What is a Vane dyke? Explain with diagram
d) What do you mean by dredging?
10+8+5++2 =25

5. a) How rivers can be classified according to their geology?

b) What do you mean by river morphology?
c) Mention the relationship established by Lane (1957) and explain the difference between
meandering channel and braided channel with appropriate figure?

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 Ex/PG/DB/SWRE/12/2023
d) What are the characteristics of
meandering?
e) What is meant by meander change? Explain
f) A
Left Bank

Right Bank

The figure above shows a river reach and the arrow shows the flow ofriver.
Draw the shape of the oross section at sections A, B and C and explain.
4+3+5+6+4+3 =25

6. a) What are the major types of rectification works carried out in rivers?
b) What are the considerations that should be taken while designinga revetment? What are the
different types ofrevetments?
c) What is Riprap revetment and what are the advantages Riprap revetment?
d) What is Cellular Concrete Mattresses Bloçk revetment and what are the advantages and
disadvantages of Cellular Concrete Mattresses Block revetment? Mention the common reasons
for failure.
e) What is Dyanamic revetment and what are the advantages of Dyanamic revetment?
3+5+4+9+4- 25

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