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PUBLISHED BY
Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright © 2005 by Ed Bott, Carl Siechert, and Craig Stinson
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Control Number 2004112807
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT 9 8 7 6 5 4
Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact
Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/
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and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
Project Editors: Kristine Haugseth and Laura Sackerman
Technical Editor: Mitch Tulloch
Copy Editor: Kate House
Editing and Production: nSight, Inc.

Body Part No. X10-87041

 Frequently Asked Questions
1. Why is Service Pack 2 an essential upgrade to Windows XP? ............. Pages 8, 169, 284
2. How can I automate the installation of Windows XP on
multiple computers? ............................................................................................. Page 36
3. How do I log on, log off, or switch to another user account? .......................... Page 218
4. When and how do I use the Administrator account? ....................................... Page 228
5. How can I run a program that requires administrative
privileges while improving security by using a less-privileged
logon account? .................................................................................................... Page 128
6. How do I control who can use my computer and set it up for
sharing with others? .......................................................................... Pages 211, 251, 907
7. What does Windows Firewall do, and how is it different from
Internet Connection Firewall—or a third-party firewall?................................ Page 174
8. What is Simple File Sharing?............................................................. Pages 209, 253, 906
9. How do I set NTFS permissions?....................................................................... Page 260
10. How do I determine why a particular program runs at startup? ..................... Page 346
11. How do I monitor and improve system performance?..................................... Page 325
12. How do I set up and secure a Wi-Fi (wireless) network? ................................. Page 850
13. How do I copy music to and from CDs and portable players? ........................ Page 739
14. How can I protect my system from malware (unsafe and
unwanted software) infestations occurring
while I browse the Internet? ............................................................................... Page 293
15. How do I take full advantage of the System Restore utility?.................... Pages 67, 1132
16. How do I partition and format a new hard disk? ............................................. Page 675
17. What can I do with the information in a Stop (blue screen) error message? Page 1148
18. When I’m having Internet connection problems, how can I determine
whether the problem is with my local network, with my ISP, or elsewhere
on the Internet?................................................................................................... Page 887
19. How do I connect to my office computer from
my home PC (or vice-versa)?...................................................................... Pages 92, 947
20. What is the best way to combine video, still images,
and audio to make a movie?............................................................................... Page 805
 Ten Best Tips
Page
173 To prevent Security Center alerts from popping up (without disabling Security
Center’s monitoring of your firewall, automatic updates, and antivirus status), in
Security Center click Change The Way Security Center Alerts Me.
220 While the Welcome screen is displayed, you can open the Log On To Windows dialog
box by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete two times. This allows you to log on using an
account that isn’t shown on the Welcome screen (Administrator, for example).
227 Pressing the Windows logo key+L is a terrific shortcut for switching users or locking
your computer. If your keyboard doesn’t have a Windows logo key or you prefer using
a mouse, you can create a program shortcut that provides single-click access to the
same feature.
438 Anything stored in %UserProfile%\Favorites appears on your Favorites menu or
Favorites bar. Most people use this folder exclusively for Internet shortcuts, but you
can put shortcuts to files and folders there as well.
573 As a quicker way to display or hide a toolbar, right-click any toolbar. This action
displays the View, Toolbars submenu.
786 It’s difficult to work with the tiny thumbnail images in the Scanner And Camera
Wizard. You’ll generally find it most efficient to copy all images to your hard disk,
where you can cull the shots you don’t want to keep and then work with the rest.
866 Run the Windows XP Network Setup Wizard on every system that’s connected to your
network. Doing so is the only reliable way to ensure that your network has the proper
baseline configuration. Afterwards, you can manually adjust settings and enable or
disable features as required.
926 The My Network Places folder can hold shortcuts to folders and files you use often. To
create such a place, type the complete path (in the form
\\computername\sharename\folder) on the wizard’s third page. Or drag the folder or
file from a Windows Explorer window to the My Network Places window.
978 You can back up settings (including your password) for each e-mail account in
Outlook Express. Choose Tools, Accounts, select the account name, and then click
Export. To re-establish the account, import the saved .iaf file.
1101 The Windows XP Backup Utility does not support backing up directly to CD-R or
CD-RW devices. However, if you plan your backups carefully you can accomplish the
same goal in a two-step process. Back up to a file first, and then copy that backup file
to a CD-R or CD-RW.
This book is dedicated to the person with whom
I share my life, that special woman whose
name begins with J.

—Ed Bott, for Judy

—Carl Siechert, for Jan
—Craig Stinson, for Jean

iii
Contents At A Glance
Part 1 Chapter 11
Setup and Startup Tweaking the Windows XP
Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Chapter 1
Chapter 12
What’s New in Windows XP . . . . . . .3 Advanced Internet
Explorer Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Chapter 2
Installing and Configuring
Chapter 13
Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Managing User Profiles. . . . . . . . 467
Chapter 3 Chapter 14
Help and Support Options . . . . . . .79
Configuring Shutdown and Power
Management Options . . . . . . . . . 487
Chapter 4
Installing, Uninstalling, and
Chapter 15
Managing Programs. . . . . . . . . . .107 Automating Windows XP. . . . . . . 513
Chapter 5
Setting Up and Troubleshooting Part 4
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Storage and File
Management
Part 2
Keeping Your System Chapter 16
Secure Windows Explorer for Experts . . . 569

Chapter 17
Chapter 6
Security Essentials . . . . . . . . . . .165 Managing and Finding Files . . . . 617

Chapter 7 Chapter 18
Managing Disks and Drives. . . . . 663
Managing User Accounts,
Passwords, and Logons . . . . . . . .201
Part 5
Chapter 8 Mastering Digital Media
Securing Files and Folders . . . . . .251
Chapter 19
Chapter 9 Using and Customizing Windows
Securing Your Internet Media Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283
Chapter 20
Part 3 Managing a Digital Music
Customizing Windows Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

Chapter 21
Chapter 10
Tuning Up System Performance . .325 Organizing and Editing Images . . 781

v
 Contents At A Glance

Chapter 22 Chapter 31
Using Windows Movie Maker . . . .805 Monitoring System Activities
with Event Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . 1109
Part 6
Chapter 32
Networking Recovering After a Computer
Crash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121
Chapter 23
Setting Up a Small Network . . . . .841 Chapter 33
Troubleshooting
Chapter 24 Windows Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147
Tweaking and Troubleshooting a
Small Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .887 Chapter 34
Editing the Registry . . . . . . . . . 1161
Chapter 25
Managing Shared Folders
Part 9
and Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905
Appendixes
Chapter 26
Remote Access Options. . . . . . . .947 Appendix A
Windows Versions at a Glance:
Part 7 Professional, Home Edition,
and More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183
Using E-mail, Fax, and
Messaging Appendix B
Working with the
Chapter 27 Command Prompt. . . . . . . . . . . 1187
Using and Customizing Outlook
Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .973 Appendix C
Using and Customizing Microsoft
Chapter 28 Management Console . . . . . . . . 1209
Sending and Receiving Faxes . . .1021
Appendix D
Chapter 29 Managing Services . . . . . . . . . . 1223
Communicating Over
the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1045 Appendix E
Viewing System Information . . . 1249
Part 8
Appendix F
System Maintenance and Group Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257
Recovery
Chapter 30
Performing Routine
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1081

vi
 Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
We’d Like to Hear from You! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
About the CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
What’s on the CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxiii
Using the CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxiii
System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv
Support Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv
Conventions and Features Used in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxv
Text Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv
Design Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Part 1
Setup and Startup
Chapter 1
What’s New in Windows XP 3
Windows XP at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
What’s New? What’s Changed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 2
Installing and Configuring Windows XP 15
Avoiding Compatibility Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Preparing to Install Windows XP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Setting Up Windows XP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Performing a Clean Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Upgrading a Previous Windows Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Installing Windows XP on a Computer with Other
Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Controlling Setup with Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Activating Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Automated Setup Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Installing the Deployment Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Using Answer Files for Automated Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Using Disk Imaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Moving Windows Settings and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Transferring Files and Settings Between Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Saving Files and Settings to a Folder or Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Choosing Files and Settings to Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Restoring Files and Settings on Your New Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Accessibility Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Adding and Removing Windows Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

vii
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 Table of Contents

Selecting a Web Browser and Other

Middleware Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Configuring System Restore Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Configuring Startup Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Customizing Multiboot Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Modifying Boot.ini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Adding the Recovery Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Chapter 3
Help and Support Options 79
Using the Help And Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Searching for Help Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Using the Help Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Customizing the Help And Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Sharing Help Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Connecting to Another PC with Remote Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
How Remote Assistance Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Sending a Remote Assistance Invitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Initiating a Remote Assistance Session as the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Working in a Remote Assistance Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Maintaining Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Improving Remote Assistance Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Other Support Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Contacting Microsoft Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 4
Installing, Uninstalling, and Managing Programs 107
How User Rights Affect Program Setup Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Installing Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Installing 32-Bit Windows Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Installing and Running 16-Bit Windows Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Installing and Configuring MS-DOS Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Making a Program Available to All Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Forcing Older Programs to Run Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Managing Installed Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Uninstalling Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Managing Program Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Running a Program as Another User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Chapter 5
Setting Up and Troubleshooting Hardware 129
A Crash Course in Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Are Signed Drivers Safer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Will Drivers Written for Other Windows Versions Work
with Windows XP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

viii
 Table of Contents

Setting Up a New Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Managing the Plug and Play Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Configuring Non–Plug and Play Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Finding Information About an Installed Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Viewing Device and Driver Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Troubleshooting Hidden and Unknown Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Adjusting Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Viewing and Changing Resource Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Managing Installed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Updating a Device Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Rolling Back to a Previous Driver Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Uninstalling a Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Enabling and Disabling Specific Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Decoding Hardware Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Part 2
Keeping Your System Secure
Chapter 6
Security Essentials 165
Windows Security Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Security Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Basic Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
What’s New in Service Pack 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Monitoring Windows XP Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Blocking Intruders with Windows Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Enabling or Disabling Windows Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Allowing Connections Through the Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Enabling Ping and Other Diagnostic Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Logging Firewall Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Controlling Windows Firewall with Group Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Using the Netsh Command to Manage Windows Firewall . . . . . . . . 188
Alternatives to Windows Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Keeping Your System Secure with Windows Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Using Windows Update Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Automating Your Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Downloading Update Files for Multiple Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Disabling Windows Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Blocking Viruses and Worms
with an Antivirus Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Finding an Antivirus Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Using an Antivirus Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Learning More About Viruses and Virus Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Advanced Security Tools and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

ix
 Table of Contents

Identifying Vulnerabilities with Microsoft Baseline

Security Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Keeping Up with Security News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Chapter 7
Managing User Accounts, Passwords, and Logons 201
Introducing Windows XP Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Permissions and Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Account Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Simple File Sharing vs. Windows 2000–Style Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Working with User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Creating a New User Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Changing Account Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Deleting an Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Controlling How Users Log On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Using the Welcome Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Bypassing the Logon Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Configuring Fast User Switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Logging Off or Locking Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
What Happened to the Administrator Account? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Logging On as Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Securing the Administrator Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Advanced Account Setup Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Using the Local Users And Groups Snap-In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Using the Net User and Net Localgroup Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Setting Logon Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Creating a Secure Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Setting a Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Tightening Password Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Recovering from a Lost Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Setting Up Windows XP on a Shared Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Chapter 8
Securing Files and Folders 251
How Setup Decisions Dictate Your Security Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
NTFS vs. FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Simple File Sharing vs. Advanced Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Default Locations for Shared Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Keeping Your Own Files Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Controlling Access with NTFS Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Applying Advanced Security Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Taking Ownership of Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Troubleshooting Permissions Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

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Chapter 9
Securing Your Internet Connection 283
What’s New in Service Pack 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Setting Up Your Internet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Protecting Your System from Unsafe
and Unwanted Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Downloading Executable Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Dealing with Automatic Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Controlling ActiveX Downloads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Controlling Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
To Trust or Not to Trust? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Managing ActiveX and Java Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Managing Browser Add-ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Defining Security Zones for Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Adding Sites to a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Changing a Zone’s Security Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Blocking Objectionable Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Blocking Unrated Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Turning Off Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Using E-Mail Safely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Guarding Against Hazardous E-Mail Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Guarding Against Rogue HTML Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Defending Yourself Against Spam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Protecting Your Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Guarding Passwords and Other Sensitive Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Clearing Your History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Finding Additional Security Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Part 3
Customizing Windows
Chapter 10
Tuning Up System Performance 325
Detecting Common Performance Bottlenecks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Monitoring Memory Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Avoiding CPU Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Making the Most of Virtual Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Managing Programs and Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Configuring Programs That Run Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Using Policies to Control Startup Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Controlling Services at Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Advanced System Performance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Monitoring Current and Recent Information with System Monitor . . . 355
Adding Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

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Changing the Chart’s Display Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Saving and Reusing System Monitor Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Advanced System Tweaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Chapter 11
Tweaking the Windows XP Interface 363
A Road Map to the Windows XP User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Making It Easy to Start Your Favorite Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Setting the Appearance of the Start Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Controlling the Content of the Start Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Using Personalized Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Using Policies to Restrict Start Menu Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Using the Quick Launch Bar and Other Desktop Toolbars. . . . . . . . . 378
Making It Easy to Open Your Favorite Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Working with Recently Opened Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Customizing the Start Menu with Shortcuts to Other Folders . . . . . . 387
Managing Desktop Clutter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Controlling Desktop Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Making Desktop Icons Easier to See . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Changing the Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Displaying Web Content on Your Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Changing Colors, Fonts, and Visual Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Modifying the Predefined Color Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Installing Additional Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Skinning Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Customizing Visual Effects for Better Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Customizing the Taskbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Changing the Taskbar’s Size and Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Making More Room on the Taskbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Getting the Taskbar Out of Your Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Removing Unneeded Icons from the
Notification Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Streamlining Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Customizing Windows XP with Tweak UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Chapter 12
Advanced Internet
Explorer Options 425
Choosing a Default Web Browser
and Java Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Customizing the Internet Explorer User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Repositioning Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Tailoring the Standard Buttons Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Customizing the Links Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

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Configuring Internet Explorer to Work

with Other Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Using (or Refusing) AutoComplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Clearing the AutoComplete History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Using Inline AutoComplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Managing Your Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Adding an Item to Your Favorites List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Editing Favorites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Organizing Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Importing, Exporting, and Sharing Your Favorites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Using Third-Party Favorites (Bookmark) Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Blocking Pop-Ups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Setting the Filter Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Allowing Pop-Ups from Specific Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Configuring Notification Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Allowing Pop-up Blocker to Work in the Local Intranet or
Trusted Sites Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Managing Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Viewing a Site’s Privacy Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Overriding Your Privacy Setting for Particular Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . 453
Dispensing with Automatic Cookie Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Backing Up Your Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Searching the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Using Search Companion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Using Classic Internet Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Searching from the Address Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Managing the Web Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Changing the Size of the Cache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Moving the Cache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Controlling How Internet Explorer Uses the Cache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Emptying the Cache Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Using Internet Explorer as an FTP Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Chapter 13
Managing User Profiles 467
Introducing User Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Location and Content of User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Types of Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Common Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Working with User Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
Removing a User Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Copying a User Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Assigning a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Moving Folders from the Standard Profile Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Using Roaming User Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

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Setting Up the Shared Folder for Roaming Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Setting Up User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Creating the Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Chapter 14
Configuring Shutdown and Power
Management Options 487
How Does Your Computer Manage Power? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Configuring Your Computer’s BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Conserving Power on All Computers—Even Desktops!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Using Standby to Reduce Power Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Shutting Down Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Hibernating for Maximum Power Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Waking Up Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Using Power Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Conserving Power on Portable Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Displaying a Power Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Protecting Your Data During a Power Outage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Configuring a UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
ACPI vs. APM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Determining Whether Your System Is ACPI-Compliant . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Upgrading to ACPI Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Enabling APM Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Administering Power Options from the Command Prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Chapter 15
Automating Windows XP 513
Scheduling Tasks to Run Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Running a Program at a Scheduled Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Monitoring Scheduled Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Advanced Scheduling Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Restricting the Task Scheduler with Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Scheduling Tasks with the Schtasks Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Downloading Web Pages at a Scheduled Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Automating Command Sequences
with Batch Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Using Batch Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Getting More Information About Command-Line Tools . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Creating a Simple Batch Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Using Advanced Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Automating Tasks with Windows Script Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Finding Scripting Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Choosing a Scripting Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Using the Script File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Debugging Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

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Introducing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Example Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Part 4
Storage and File Management
Chapter 16
Windows Explorer for Experts 569
Choosing Between Common Tasks and
Classic Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Toggling Between Folder Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Using the Details Section of the Task Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Customizing the Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Displaying the Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Using Explorer Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Using the Search Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Using the Favorites Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Using the Media Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Using the History Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Using the Folders Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Choosing View Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Making All Folders Use the Same View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Changing Views in Common Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Customizing Details View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Sorting and Grouping Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Choosing a Folder Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Putting Pictures on Folder Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
Choosing Advanced Folder Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Automatically Search for Network Folders and Printers . . . . . . . . . . 592
Display File Size Information in Folder Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Display Simple Folder View in Explorer’s Folders List . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Display the Contents of System Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Display the Full Path in the Address Bar and Title Bar . . . . . . . . . . . 594
Do Not Cache Thumbnails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
Hidden Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
Hide Extensions for Known File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Hide Protected Operating System Files (Recommended) . . . . . . . . . 596
Launch Folder Windows in a Separate Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Managing Pairs of Web Pages and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Remember Each Folder’s View Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Restore Previous Folder Windows at Logon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Show Control Panel in My Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Show Encrypted or Compressed NTFS Files in Color . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Show Pop-Up Descriptions for Folder and Desktop Items . . . . . . . . . 599
Use Simple File Sharing (Recommended) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

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 Table of Contents

Using Cascading Folder Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Working with File Types and File Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
Changing the Default Action for a File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Changing the Application Associated with a File Type . . . . . . . . . . . 602
Changing a File Type’s Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Making the Extension of a Particular File Type Visible . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Specifying Download Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Customizing a File Type’s Shortcut Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Customizing Shortcut Menus by Editing the Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
Using Windows Explorer’s Command-Line Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Using GUIDs to Open Shell Folders in
Windows Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Chapter 17
Managing and Finding Files 617
Seven Principles of Effective File Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Using Tools for File Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Manipulating Files with the Folders Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Inspecting and Setting File Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
Using Details View to See and Compare Properties of Many Files . . 623
Creating and Customizing Document Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Protecting Files with the Read-Only Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
Maximizing Storage Space with NTFS Compression and
Compressed (Zipped) Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Copying Files to CDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Using and Configuring the Recycle Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Locating Files with Search Companion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Specifying a Search Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Overriding Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Saving and Reusing Search Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Using Indexing Service and Query Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Security and Indexing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Limitations of Indexing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Activating Indexing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Submitting Index Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Phrase and Free-Text Query Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Restrictions on Content Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Working with Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
The EQUALS and CONTAINS Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
Relational Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Date and Time Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Boolean Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Order of Operator Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Pattern-Matching Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Administering Indexing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

xvi
 Table of Contents

An Overview of the Indexing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Indexing Files with Unknown Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Supplying an Alias for a Folder Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Stopping, Pausing, and Restarting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Changing the Folders Included in a Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Excluding Specific Files on NTFS Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Manually Rescanning a Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Adjusting Indexing Service’s Performance Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Chapter 18
Managing Disks and Drives 663
Hard Disk Management 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
NTFS or FAT32: Which Disk Format Should
You Choose? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
Converting a FAT32 Disk to NTFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Basic and Dynamic Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Working with Partitions, Volumes, and Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Creating Partitions from Free Disk Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Creating Logical Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Formatting a Partition, Volume, or Logical Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Assigning or Changing a Volume Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Deleting a Partition, Volume, or Logical Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
Assigning and Changing Drive Letters or Drive Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
Checking Properties and Status of a Disk or Partition . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Setting Quotas for Disk Space Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Enabling Disk Quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Managing Disk Quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
Setting AutoPlay Options for Removable Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Working with Writable and Rewritable CD Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Part 5
Mastering Digital Media
Chapter 19
Using and Customizing Windows Media Player 707
What’s New in Windows Media Player. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
Controlling File Type Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Changing the Default Application for Individual File Extensions . . . . 712
Changing the AutoPlay Behavior of a CD or DVD Drive . . . . . . . . . . . 713
Managing Multiple Media Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714
Customizing Audio and Video Playback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714
Varying Playback Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
Adding Surround Sound Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
Using the Graphic Equalizer and SRS WOW Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Tweaking Video Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

xvii
Other documents randomly have
different content
 When my Lord falls in my Lady’s lap,
England beware of some mishap.
Meaning thereby, that when the festival of Easter falls near to
Lady-day, (the 25th of March,) this country is threatened with some
calamity. In the year 1818, Easter-day happened on the 22d of
March, and in the November of that year, queen Charlotte died. In
1826, Easter-day happening on the 26th of March, distress in the
commercial world may be regarded as a fulfilment of the prediction.
Spanish history affords a curious instance of this kind. It is related,
that Peter and John de Carvajal, who were condemned for murder,
(A. D. 1312,) on circumstantial evidence, and that very frivolous, to
be thrown from the summit of a rock, Ferdinand IV., then king of
Spain, could by no means be prevailed upon to grant their pardon.
As they were leading to execution, they invoked God to witness their
innocence, and appealed to his tribunal, to which they summoned
the king to appear in thirty days’ time. He laughed at the summons;
nevertheless, some days after, he fell sick, and went to a place called
Alcaudet to divert himself and recover his health, and shake off the
remembrance of the summons if he could. Accordingly, the thirtieth
day being come, he found himself much better, and after showing a
great deal of mirth and cheerfulness on that occasion with his
courtiers, and ridiculing the illusion, retired to rest, but was found
dead in his bed the next morning. (See Turquet’s general History of
Spain 1612, p. 458, cited in Dr. Grey’s notes to Hudibras, part iii.
canto 1. lines 209, 210.)
The same author (Dr. Grey,) quotes from Dr. James Young,
(Sidrophel vapulans, p. 29,) that Cardan, a celebrated astrologer lost
his life to save his credit; for having predicted the time of his own
death, he starved himself to verify it: or else being sure of his art, he
took this to be his fatal day, and by those apprehensions made it so.
The prophecy of George Wishart, the Scottish martyr, respecting the
death of cardinal Beatoun, is a striking feature in a catalogue of
coincidences. In such light may be cited the stories of the predicted
death of the duke of Buckingham, in the time of Charles I., that of
lord Lyttleton in later days, and many others.
 Lord Bacon, who, on many points illuminated the sixteenth with
the light of the nineteenth century, after referring in his chapter on
prophecies (see his Essays) to the fulfilment of many remarkable
fulfilments, delivers his opinion on that point in the following words:
—“My judgment is, that they ought all to be despised, and ought to
serve but for winter talk by the fireside. Though when I say
despised, I mean for belief.——That that hath given them grace, and
some credit consisteth in these things. 1st. that men mark when
they hit, and never when they miss; as they do, also of dreams. 2d.
that probable conjectures and obscure traditions many times turn
themselves into prophecies: while the nature of man which coveteth
divination, thinks it no peril to foretell that, which indeed they do but
collect.——The 3d. and last (which is the great one) is, that almost
all them, being infinite in number, have been impostures, and by idle
and crafty brains, merely contrived and feigned after the event
passed.”
J. W. H.

Easter Day.
The editor is favoured with a hint, which, from respect to the
authority whence it proceeds, is communicated below in its own
language.
To the Editor of the Every-Day Book.
Harley street, March 22, 1826.
Sir,—Before I slip from town for the holidays, let me observe that
it may be useful, and more useful perhaps than you imagine, to
many of your readers, if you were to mention the earliest day
whereon Easter can occur: for, as not only movable feasts, but law
terms, and circuits of judges, and the Easter recess of parliament,
depend on this festival, it influences a vast portion of public
business, and of the every-day concerns of a great number of
individuals in the early season of the year.
The earliest possible day whereon Easter can happen, in any
year, is the 22d of March. It fell on that day in 1818, and cannot
happen on that day till the year 2285.
 The latest possible day whereon Easter can happen, is the 25th
of April.
We can have no squabble this year concerning the true time of
Easter. The result of the papers on that subject in the first volume of
your excellent publication, vindicated the time fixed for its
celebration, in this country, upon those principles which infallibly
regulate the period.
In common with all I am acquainted with, who have the pleasure
of being acquainted with your Every-Day Book, I wish you and your
work the largest possible success. I am, &c.
Alpha.
P.S. It occurs to me that you may not be immediately able to
authenticate my statement; and, therefore, I subscribe my name for
your private satisfaction.
—— ———.

Easter King.
As the emperor, Charles V., was passing through a small village in
Arragon, on Easter-day, he was met by a peasant, who had been
chosen the paschal, or Easter king of his neighbourhood, according
to the custom of his country, and who said to him very gravely, “Sir,
it is I that am king.” “Much good may it do you, my friend,” replied
the emperor, “you have chosen an exceedingly troublesome
employment.”

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 43·95.

[104] Antiquarian Repertory.

[105] Drake’s Shakespeare and his Times.
[106] Hitchins’s Cornwall.
[107] Hasted’s Kent, 1790.
[108] Fosbroke’s British Monachism.
[109] Maitland.
 [110] Brand.
[111] Rome in the Nineteenth Century.

March 27.
Easter Monday.
This is the day for choosing churchwardens in the different
parishes, and for merry-making afterwards.

From the “Mirror of the Months.”

Now, at last, the Easter week is arrived, and the poor have for
once in the year the best of it,—setting all things, but their own
sovereign will, at a wise defiance. The journeyman who works on
Easter Monday should lose his caste, and be sent to the Coventry of
mechanics, wherever that may be. In fact, it cannot happen. On
Easter Monday ranks change places; Jobson is as good as sir John;
the “rude mechanical” is “monarch of all he surveys” from the
summit of Greenwich-hill, and when he thinks fit to say “it is our
royal pleasure to be drunk!” who shall dispute the proposition? Not I,
for one. When our English mechanics accuse their betters of
oppressing them, the said betters should reverse the old appeal, and
refer from Philip sober to Philip drunk; and then nothing more could
be said. But now, they have no betters, even in their own notion of
the matter. And in the name of all that is transitory, envy them not
their brief supremacy! It will be over before the end of the week,
and they will be as eager to return to their labour as they now are to
escape from it; for the only thing that an Englishman, whether high
or low, cannot endure patiently for a week together, is, unmingled
amusement. At this time, however, he is determined to try.
Accordingly, on Easter Monday all the narrow lanes and blind alleys
of our metropolis pour forth their dingy denizens into the suburban
fields and villages, in search of the said amusement, which is
plentifully provided for them by another class, even less enviable
than the one on whose patronage they depend; for of all callings,
the most melancholy is that of purveyor of pleasure to the poor.
During the Monday our determined holiday-maker, as in duty
bound, contrives, by the aid of a little or not a little artificial
stimulus, to be happy in a tolerably exemplary manner. On the
Tuesday, he fancies himself happy to-day, because he felt himself so
yesterday. On the Wednesday he cannot tell what has come to him,
but every ten minutes he wishes himself at home, where he never
goes but to sleep. On Thursday he finds out the secret, that he is
heartily sick of doing nothing; but is ashamed to confess it; and then
what is the use of going to work before his money is spent? On
Friday he swears that he is a fool for throwing away the greatest
part of his quarter’s savings without having any thing to show for it,
and gets gloriously drunk with the rest to prove his words; passing
the pleasantest night of all the week in a watchhouse. And on
Saturday, after thanking “his worship” for his good advice, of which
he does not remember a word, he comes to the wise determination,
that, after all, there is nothing like working all day long in silence,
and at night spending his earnings and his breath in beer and
politics! So much for the Easter week of a London holiday-maker.
But there is a sport belonging to Easter Monday which is not
confined to the lower classes, and which fun forbid that I should
pass over silently. If the reader has not, during his boyhood,
performed the exploit of riding to the turn-out of the stag on Epping-
forest—following the hounds all day long at a respectful distance—
returning home in the evening with the loss of nothing but his hat,
his hunting whip, and his horse, not to mention a portion of his
nether person—and finishing the day by joining the lady mayoress’s
ball at the Mansion-house; if the reader has not done all this when a
boy, I will not tantalize him by expatiating on the superiority of those
who have. And if he has done it, I need not tell him that he has no
cause to envy his friend who escaped with a flesh wound from the
fight of Waterloo; for there is not a pin to choose between them.

Epping Hunt.
 In 1226, king Henry III. confirmed to the citizens of London, free
warren, or liberty to hunt a circuit about their city, in the warren of
Staines, &c.; and in ancient times the lord mayor, aldermen, and
corporation, attended by a due number of their constituents, availed
themselves of this right of chace “in solemn guise.” From newspaper
reports, it appears that the office of “common hunt,” attached to the
mayoralty, is in danger of desuetude. The Epping hunt seems to
have lost the lord mayor and his brethren in their corporate capacity,
and the annual sport to have become a farcical show.
A description of the Epping hunt of Easter Monday, 1826, by one
“Simon Youngbuck,” in the Morning Herald, is the latest report, if it
be not the truest; but of that the editor of the Every-Day Book
cannot judge, for he was not there to see: he contents himself with
picking out the points; should any one be dissatisfied with the
“hunting of that day,” as it will be here presented, he has only to sit
down, in good earnest, to a plain matter-of-fact detail of all the
circumstances from his own knowledge, accompanied by such
citations as will show the origin and former state of the usage, and
such a detail, so accompanied, will be inserted—
“For want of a better this must do.”
On the authority aforesaid, and that, without the introduction of
any term not in the Herald, be it known then, that before, and at the
commencement of the hunt aforesaid, it was a cold, dry, and dusty
morning, and that the huntsmen of the east were all abroad by nine
o’clock, trotting, fair and softly, down the road, on great nine-hand
skyscrapers, nimble daisy-cutting nags, flowing-tailed chargers, and
ponies no bigger than the learned one at Astley’s; some were in job-
coaches, at two guineas a-day; some in three-bodied nondescripts,
some in gigs, some in cabs, some in drags, some in short stages,
and some in long stages; while some on no stages at all, footed the
road, smothered by dust driven by a black, bleak north-easter full in
the teeth. Every gentleman was arrayed after his own particular
taste, in blue, brown, or black—in dress-coats, long coats, short
coats, frock coats, great coats, and no-coats;—in drab-slacks and
slippers;—in gray-tights, and black-spurred Wellingtons;—in nankeen
bomb-balloons;—in city-white cotton-cord unmentionables, with
jockey toppers, and in Russian-drill down-belows, as a memento of
the late czar. The ladies all wore a goose-skin under-dress, in
compliment to the north-easter.
At that far-famed spot, the brow above Fairmead bottom, by
twelve o’clock, there were not less than three thousand merry lieges
then and there assembled. It was a beautiful set-out. Fair dames “in
purple and in pall,” reposed in vehicles of all sorts, sizes, and
conditions, whilst seven or eight hundred mounted members of the
hunt wound in and out “in restless ecstasy,” chatting and laughing
with the fair, sometimes rising in their stirrups to look out for the
long-coming cart of the stag, “whilst, with off heel assiduously
aside,” they “provoked the caper which they seemed to hide.” The
green-sward was covered with ever-moving crowds on foot, and the
pollard oaks which skirt the bottom on either side were filled with
men and boys.
But where the deuce is the stag all this while? One o’clock, and
no stag. Two o’clock, and no stag!—a circumstance easily accounted
for by those who are in the secret, and the secret is this. There are
buttocks of boiled beef and fat hams, and beer and brandy in
abundance, at the Roebuck public-house low down in the forest; and
ditto at the Baldfaced Stag, on the top of the hill; and ditto at the
Coach and Horses, at Woodford Wells; and ditto at the Castle, at
Woodford; and ditto at the Eagle, at Snaresbrook; and if the stag
had been brought out before the beef, beer, bacon, and brandy,
were eaten and drank, where would have been the use of providing
so many good things? So they carted the stag from public-house to
public-house, and showed him at threepence a head to those ladies
and gentlemen who never saw such a thing before, and the showing
and carting induced a consumption of eatables and drinkables, an
achievement which was helped by a band of music in every house,
playing hungry tunes to help the appetite; and then, when the
eatables and drinkables were gone, and paid for, they turned out the
stag.
Precisely at half-past two o’clock, the stag-cart was seen coming
over the hill by the Baldfaced Stag, and hundreds of horsemen and
gig-men rushed gallantly forward to meet and escort it to the top of
Fairmead bottom, amidst such whooping and hallooing, as made all
the forest echo again; and would have done Carl Maria Von Weber’s
heart good to hear. And then, when the cart stopped and was turned
tail about, the horsemen drew up in long lines, forming an avenue
wide enough for the stag to run down. For a moment, all was deep,
silent, breathless anxiety; and the doors of the cart were thrown
open, and out popped a strapping four-year-old red buck, fat as a
porker, with a chaplet of flowers round his neck, a girth of divers
coloured ribbons, and a long blue and pink streamer depending from
the summit of his branching horns. He was received, on his
alighting, with a shout that seemed to shake heaven’s concave, and
took it very graciously, looking round him with great dignity as he
stalked slowly and delicately forward, down the avenue prepared for
him; and occasionally shrinking from side to side, as some
supervalorous cockney made a cut at him with his whip. Presently,
he caught a glimpse of the hounds and the huntsmen, waiting for
him at the bottom, and in an instant off he bounded, sideways,
through the rank, knocking down and trampling all who crowded the
path he chose to take; and dashing at once into the cover, he was
out of sight before a man could say “Jack Robinson!” Then might be
seen, gentlemen running about without their horses, and horses
galloping about without their gentlemen; and hats out of number
brushed off their owners’ heads by the rude branches of the trees;
and every body asking which way the stag was gone, and nobody
knowing any thing about him; and ladies beseeching gentlemen not
to be too venturesome; and gentlemen gasping for breath at the
thoughts of what they were determined to venture; and myriads of
people on foot running hither and thither in search of little
eminences to look from; and yet nothing at all to be seen, though
more than enough to be heard; for every man, and every woman
too, made as loud a noise as possible. Meanwhile the stag, followed
by the keepers and about six couple of hounds, took away through
the covers towards Woodford. Finding himself too near the haunts of
his enemy, man, he there turned back, sweeping down the bottom
for a mile or two, and away up the enclosures towards Chingford;
where he was caught nobody knows how, for every body returned to
town, except those who stopped to regale afresh, and recount the
glorious perils of the day. Thus ended the Easter Hunt of 1826.
Minerva.

Minerva.
From a Chrysolite possessed by Lord Montague.
The Minervalia was a Roman festival in March, commencing on
the 19th of the month, and lasting for five days. The first day was
spent in devotions to the goddess; the rest in offering sacrifices,
seeing the gladiators fight, acting tragedies, and reciting witticisms
for prizes. It conferred a vacation on scholars who now, carried
schooling money, or presents, called Minerval, to their masters.
According to Cicero there were five Minervas.
1. Minerva, the mother of Apollo.
2. Minerva, the offspring of the Nile, of whom there was a statue
with this inscription:—“I am all that was, is, and is to come; and my
veil no mortal hath yet removed.”
3. Minerva, who sprung armed from Jupiter’s brain.
 4. Minerva, the daughter of Jupiter and Corypha, whose father
Oceanus invented four-wheeled chariots.
5. Minerva, the daughter of Pallantis, who fled from her father,
and is, therefore, represented with wings on her feet, in the same
manner as Mercury.
The second Minerva, of Egypt, is imagined to have been the most
ancient. The Phœnicians also had a Minerva, the daughter of Saturn,
and the inventress of arts and arms. From one of these two, the
Greeks derived their Minerva.
Minerva was worshipped by the Athenians before the age of
Cecrops, in whose time Athens was founded, and its name taken
from Minerva, whom the Greek called Ἁθηνη. It was proposed to call
the city either by her name or that of Neptune, and as each had
partizans, and the women had votes equal to the men, Cecrops
called all the citizens together both men and women; the suffrages
were collected; and it was found that all the women had voted for
Minerva, and all the men for Neptune; but the women exceeding the
men by one voice, Athens was called after Minerva. A temple was
dedicated to her in the city, with her statue in gold and ivory, thirty-
nine feet high, executed by Phydias.
Mr. Matthews at Home, 1826.
 “Life is darken’d o’er with woe.”—Der Freischütz.
Mr. Matthews at Home, 1826.
It would be as difficult for most persons, who think Mr. Matthews
acts easily, to act as he does, as it would be difficult to make such
persons comprehend, that his ease is the result of labour, and that
his present performance is the result of greater labour than his
exhibitions of former years. An examination of the process by which
he has attained the extraordinary ability to “command success,”
would be a fatiguing inquiry to most readers, though a very curious
one to some. He has been called a “mimic;” this is derogation from
his real powers, which not only can represent the face, but penetrate
the intellect. An expert swimmer is not always a successful diver: Mr.
Matthews is both. His faculty of observation “surpasses show.” He
leaves the features he contemplates, enters into the mind, becomes
joint tenant of its hereditaments and appurtenances with the owner,
and describes its secret chambers and closets. This faculty obtained
lord Chesterfield his fame, and enabled him to persuade the
judgment; but he never succeeded by his voice or pen in raising the
passions, like Mr. Matthews, who, in that respect, is above the
nobleman. The cause of this superiority is, that Mr. Matthews is the
creature of feeling—of excitation and depression. This assertion is
made without the slightest personal knowledge or even sight of him
off the stage; it is grounded on a generalized view of some points in
human nature. If Mr. Matthews were not the slave of temperament,
he never could have pictured the Frenchman at the Post Office, nor
the gaming Yorkshireman. These are prominences seized by his
whole audience, on whom, however, his most delicate touches of
character are lost. His high finish of the Irish beggar woman with her
“poor child,” was never detected by the laughers at their trading
duett of “Sweet Home!” The exquisite pathos of the crathur’s story
was lost. To please a large assemblage the points must be broad. Mr.
Matthews’s countenance of his host drawing the cork is an
excellence that discovers itself, and the entire affair of the dinner is
“pleasure made easy” to the meanest capacity. The spouting child
who sings the “Bacchanal Song” in “Der Freischütz” from whence the
engraving is taken, is another “palpable hit,” but amazingly increased
in force to some of the many who heard it sung by Phillips. The
“tipsy toss” of that actor’s head, his rollocking look, his stamps in its
chorus, and the altogetherness of his style in that single song, were
worth the entirety of the drama—yet he was seldom encored. To
conclude with Mr. Matthews, it is merely requisite to affirm that his
“At Home” in the year 1826, evinces rarer talent than the merit of a
higher order which he unquestionably possesses. He is an adept at
adaptation beyond compeer.

Coleshill Custom.
 They have an ancient custom at Coleshill, in the county of
Warwick, that if the young men of the town can catch a hare, and
bring it to the parson of the parish before ten o’clock on Easter
Monday, the parson is bound to give them a calve’s head, and a
hundred eggs for their breakfast, and a groat in money.[112]

Riding the Black Lad.

An account of an ancient usage still maintained under this name
at Ashton-under-Lyne, will be found in the annexed letter.
To the Editor of the Every-Day Book.
Ashton-under-Lyne, March, 1826.
Sir,
A singular custom prevails at this town on Easter Monday. Every
year on that day a rude figure of a man made of an old suit of
clothes stuffed with rags, hay, &c. is carried on a horse through all
the streets. The people who attend it call at every public-house, for
the purpose of begging liquor for its thirsty attendants, who are
always numerous. During its progress the figure is shot at from all
parts. When the journey is finished, it is tied to the market cross,
and the shooting is continued till it is set on fire, and falls to the
ground. The populace then commence tearing the effigy in pieces,
trampling it in mud and water, and throwing it in every direction.
This riot and confusion are increased by help of a reservoir of water
being let off, which runs down the streets, and not unfrequently
persons obtain large quantities of hay, rags, &c. independent of that
which falls from the effigy. The greatest heroes at this time are of
the coarsest nature.
The origin of this custom is of so ancient a nature that it admits
of no real explanation: some assert that it is intended as a mark of
respect to an ancient family—others deem it a disrespect. Dr. Hibbert
considers it to have the same meaning as the gool-riding in
Scotland, established for the purpose of exterminating weed from
corn, on pain of forfeiting a wether sheep for every stock of gool
found growing in a farmer’s corn. Gool is the yellow flower called the
corn Marygold.
 It is further supposed, that this custom originated with one of the
Assheton’s, who possessed a considerable landed property in this
part of Lancashire. He was vice-chancellor to Henry VI., who
exercised great severity on his own lands, and established the gool
or guld riding. He is said to have made his appearance on Easter
Monday, clad in black armour, and on horseback, followed by a
numerous train for the purpose of claiming the penalties arising from
the neglect of farmers clearing their corn of the “carr gulds.” The
tenants looked upon this visit with horror, and tradition has still
perpetuated the prayer that was offered for a deliverance from his
power:—
“Sweet Jesu, for thy mercy’s sake,
And for thy bitter passion;
Save us from the axe of the Tower,
And from Sir Ralph of Assheton.”
It is alleged that, on one of his visits on Easter Monday, he was
shot as he was riding down the principal street, and that the tenants
took no trouble to find out the murderer, but entered into a
subscription, the interest of which was to make an effigy of disgrace
to his memory. At the present day, however, the origin is never
thought of. The money is now derived from publicans whose interest
it is to keep up the custom. An old steel helmet was used some
years ago, but it is now no more; a tin one is used instead.
This custom is applied to another purpose. The occupation of the
last couple married in the old year are represented on the effigy. If a
tailor, the shears hang dangling by his side; if a draper, the cloth
yard, and so on. The effigy then at the usual time visits the happy
couple’s door, and unless the bearers are fed in a handsome manner,
the dividing gentlemen are not easily got rid of. Some authors state
that it is the first couple in the new year; but this is incorrect, as
there is always great pressing for marrying on new year’s day, in
order to be sufficiently early in the year.
Such is the custom of Blake Lad Monday—or Riding the Black
Lad, a custom which thousands annually witness, and numbers
come from great distances to see. It is the most thronged, and the
most foolish, day the Ashtonians can boast of.
C. C.——g. M. R. C. S. E.

It is observed by the historian of “Manchester and Salford,” that

the most prevalent of several traditions, as to the origin of this
custom, is, that it is kept up to perpetuate the disgraceful actions of
sir Ralph Ashton, who in the year 1483, as vice-constable of the
kingdom, exercised great severity in this part of the country. From a
sum issued out of the court to defray the expense of the effigy, and
from a suit of armour, which till of late it usually rode in, together
with other traditional particulars, there is another account of the
custom. According to this, in the reign of Edward III., at the battle of
Neville’s Cross, near Durham, his queen, with the earl of
Northumberland as general, gained a complete victory over the
Scots, under David, king of Scotland, and in this battle one Thomas
Ashton of Ashton-under-Lyne, of whom no other particulars are
known, served in the queen’s army, rode through the ranks of the
enemy, and bore away the royal standard from the Scottish king’s
tent. For this act of heroism, Edward III. knighted him; he became
sir Thomas Ashton, of Ashton-under-Lyne; and to commemorate his
valour, he instituted the custom above described, and left ten
shillings yearly (since reduced to five) to support it, with his own suit
of black velvet, and a coat of mail, the helmet of which yet
remains.”[113] It will be observed in our correspondent’s account,
that the helmet has at last disappeared.

“Old Vinegar,”
and
“Hard Metal Spoons.”
William Conway, who cried “hard metal spoons to sell or change,”
is mentioned by Mr. J. T. Smith, as “a man whose cry is well-known
to the inhabitants of London and its environs;” but since Mr. Smith
wrote, the “cry” of Conway has ceased from the metropolis, and
from the remembrance of all, save a few surviving observers of the
manners in humble life that give character to the times. He is
noticed here because he introduces another individual connected
with the history of the season. Adopting Mr. Smith’s language, we
must speak of Conway as though his “cry” were still with us. “This
industrious man, who has eleven walks in and about London, never
had a day’s illness, nor has once slept out of his own bed; and let
the weather be what it may, he trudges on, and only takes his rest
on Sundays. He walks, on an average, twenty-five miles a day; and
this he has done for nearly forty-four years. His shoes are made
from old boots, and a pair will last him about six weeks. In his walks
he has frequently found small pieces of money, but never more than
a one pound note. He recollects a windmill standing near Moorfields,
and well remembers Old Vinegar.”[114] Without this notice of
Conway, we should not have known “Old Vinegar,” who made the
rings for the boxers in Moorfields, beating the shins of the
spectators, and who, after he had arranged the circle, would cry out
“mind your pockets all round.” He provided sticks for the cudgel
players, whose sports commenced on Easter Monday. At that time
the “Bridewell boys” joined in the pastime, and enlivened the day by
their skill in athletic exercises.

Wetting the Block.

For the Every-Day Book.
The first Monday in March being the time when shoemakers in
the country cease from working by candlelight, it used to be
customary for them to meet together in the evening for the purpose
of wetting the block. On these occasions the master either provided
a supper for his men, or made them a present of money or drink;
the rest of the expense was defrayed by subscriptions among
themselves, and sometimes by donations from customers. After the
supper was ended, the block candlestick was placed in the midst,
the shop candle was lighted, and all the glasses being filled, the
oldest hand in the shop poured the contents of his glass over the
candle to extinguish it: the rest then drank the contents of theirs
standing, and gave three cheers. The meeting was usually kept to a
late hour.
This account of the custom is from personal observation, made
many years ago, in various parts of Hampshire, Berkshire, and the
adjoining counties. It is now growing into disuse, which I think is not
to be regretted; for, as it is mostly a very drunken usage, the sooner
it is sobered, or becomes altogether obsolete the better.
A Shoemaker.
N.B. In some places this custom took place on Easter Monday.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 45·32.

[112] Blount.
[113] Aikin’s Manchester.
[114] Smith’s Ancient Topography of London, 1815, 4to.

March 28.
Easter Tuesday.
Formerly, “in the Easter holidays, was the Clarke’s-ale for his
private benefit, and the solace of the neighbourhood.”[115] Our
ancestors were abundant drinkers; they had their “bride-ales,”
“church-ales,” and other sort of ales, and their feats of potation were
so great as to be surprising to their posterity; the remainder of
whom, in good time, shall be more generally informed of these
regular drinking bouts. “Easter-ale” was not always over with Easter
week. Excessive fasting begat excessive feasting, and there was no
feast in old times without excessive drinking. A morning head-ache
from the contents of the tankard was cured by “a hair of the same
dog,”—a phrase well understood by hard-drinkers, signifying that
madness from drinking was to be cured by the madness of drinking
again. It is in common use with drinkers of punch.
 Some of the days in this month seem
“For talking age and youthful lovers made.”
The genial breezes animate declining life, and waft “visions of glory”
to those who are about to travel the journey of existence on their
own account. In the following lines, which, from the “Lady’s Scrap
Book,” whence they were extracted, appear to have been
communicated to her on this day, by a worthy old gentleman “of the
old school,” there is a touch of satirical good humour, that may
heighten cheerfulness.
No Flattery
From J. M—— Esq.
To Miss H—— W——.
March 28, 1825.
I never said thy face was fair,
Thy cheeks with beauty glowing;
Nor whispered that thy woodland air
With grace was overflowing.
I never said thy teeth were white,
In hue were snow excelling;
Nor called thine eye, so blue, so bright,
Young Love’s celestial dwelling.
I never said thy voice so soft,
Soft heart but ill concealing;
Nor praised thy sparkling glances oft,
So well thy thoughts revealing.
I never said thy taper form
Was, Hannah, more than handsome;
Nor said thy heart, so young, so warm,
Was worth a monarch’s ransom.
I never said to young or old
I felt no joy without thee:
No, Hannah, no, I never told
A single lie about thee.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 45·70.
 [115] Aubrey.

March 29.
March Mornings.
For the Every-Day Book.
There are frequently mornings in March, when a lover of nature
may enjoy, in a stroll, sensations not to be exceeded, or, perhaps,
equalled by any thing which the full glory of summer can awaken:—
mornings, which tempt us to cast the memory of winter, or the fear
of its recurrence out of our thoughts. The air is mild and balmy, with,
now and then, a cool gush by no means unpleasant, but, on the
contrary, contributing towards that cheering and peculiar feeling
which we experience only in spring. The sky is clear, the sun flings
abroad not only a gladdening splendour, but an almost summer
glow. The world seems suddenly aroused to hope and enjoyment.
The fields are assuming a vernal greenness,—the buds are swelling
in the hedges,—the banks are displaying amidst the brown remains
of last year’s vegetation, the luxuriant weeds of this. There are
arums, ground-ivy, chervil, the glaucous leaves, and burnished
flowers of the pilewort,
“The first gilt thing,
Which wears the trembling pearls of spring;”
and many another fresh and early burst of greenery. All
unexpectedly too, in some embowered lane, you are arrested by the
delicious odour of violets—those sweetest of Flora’s children, which
have furnished so many pretty allusions to the poets, and which are
not yet exhausted; they are like true friends, we do not know half
their sweetness till they have felt the sunshine of our kindness; and
again, they are like the pleasures of our childhood, the earliest and
the most beautiful. Now, however, they are to be seen in all their
glory—blue and white—modestly peering through their thickly
clustering leaves. The lark is carolling in the blue fields of air; the
blackbird and thrush are again shouting and replying to each other
from the tops of the highest trees. As you pass cottages, they have
caught the happy infection. There are windows thrown open, and
doors standing a-jar. The inhabitants are in their gardens, some
cleaning away rubbish, some turning up the light and fresh-smelling
soil amongst the tufts of snowdrops and rows of glowing yellow
crocuses, which every where abound; and the children, ten to one,
are busy peeping into the first bird’s-nest of the season—the hedge-
sparrow’s, with its four blue eggs, snugly, but unwisely, built in the
pile of old pea-rods.
In the fields the labourers are plashing and trimming the hedges,
and in all directions are teams at plough. You smell the wholesome,
and we may truly say, aromatic soil, as it is turned up to the sun,
brown and rich, the whole country over. It is delightful as you pass
along deep hollow lanes, or are hidden in copses, to hear the
tinkling gears of the horses, and the clear voices of the lads calling
to them. It is not less pleasant to catch the busy caw of the rookery,
and the first meek cry of the young lambs. The hares are hopping
about the fields, the excitement of the season overcoming their
habitual timidity. The bees are revelling in the yellow catkins of the
sallow. The woods, though yet unadorned with their leafy garniture,
are beautiful to look on. They seem flushed with life. Their boughs
are of a clear and glossy lead colour, and the tree-tops are rich with
the vigorous hues of brown, red, and purple; and if you plunge into
their solitudes, there are symptoms of revivification under your feet,
the springing mercury, and green blades of the blue-bells—and
perhaps, above you, the early nest of the missel-thrush perched
between the boughs of a young oak, to tinge your thoughts with the
anticipation of summer.
These are mornings not to be neglected by the lover of nature;
and if not neglected, then, not to be forgotten, for they will stir the
springs of memory, and make us live over again times and seasons,
in which we cannot, for the pleasure and the purity of our spirits,
live too much.
Nottingham. W. H.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
 Mean Temperature 45·12.

March 30.
Kitty Fisher.
On the 30th of March, 1759, this celebrated female issued a
singular advertisement through the “Public Advertiser,” which shows
her sensitiveness to public opinion. She afterwards became duchess
of Bolton.

T O ERR is a blemish entailed upon mortality, and indiscretion

seldom or never escapes without censure, the more heavy, as the
character is more remarkable; and doubled, nay trebled, by the
world, if that character is marked by success: then malice shoots
against it all her stings, and the snakes of envy are let loose. To the
humane and generous heart then must the injured appeal, and
certain relief will be found in impartial honour. Miss Fisher is forced
to sue to that jurisdiction to protect her from the baseness of little
scribblers, and scurvy malevolence. She has been abused in public
papers, exposed in print shops, and, to wind up the whole, some
wretches, mean, ignorant, and venal, would impose upon the public
by daring to publish her memoirs. She hopes to prevent the success
of their endeavours, by declaring that nothing of that sort has the
slightest foundation in truth.
C. Fisher.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 44·67.

March 31.
John Hampden.
This celebrated man wrote a letter to sir John Elliott, on this day,
in the year 1631, which is deposited in the British Museum.[116] At its
date, which was long before “the troubles of England,” wherein he
bore a distinguished part, it appears that he was absorbed by
constant avocation, and attention to the business of others. The
letter has been obligingly transcribed and communicated by our kind
correspondent, T. A. It is curious from its style and sentiments, and
is here printed, because it has not before been published. The
commencing and concluding words are given fac-simile, from the
original. It is addressed thus,
To my honoured and
deare friend Sr.
John Elliott at
his lodging in
the Tower.

Tis well for mee that letters cannot blush, else you would easily
reade mee guilty. I am ashamed of so long a silence and know not
how to excuse it, for as nothing but businesse can speake for mee,
of wch kinde I have many advocates, so can I not tell how to call any
businesse greater than holding an affectionate correspondence with
so excellent a friend. My only confidence is I pleade at a barr of
loue, where absolutions are much more frequent then censures.
Sure I ame that conscience of neglect doth not accuse mee; though
euidence of fact doth. I would add more but ye entertainment of a
straunger friend calls upon mee, and one other unsuitable occasion
hold mee excused: therefore, deare friend, and if you vouchsafe
mee a letter, lett mee begg of you to teach mee some thrift of time;
that I may imploy more in yor service who will ever bee
 Hampd. Command my service to
March 31, ye souldier if not gone
1631. to his colours.

The Sun in March.

We may now see the great luminary at half-past five in the
morning if “we shake off dull sloth,” and set our faces to be greeted
by his, at his rising, in the open air. Lying a bed is a sad destroyer of
health, and getting up early a vast improver of time. It is an old and
a true saying, that “an hour in the morning before breakfast, is
worth two all the rest of the day.”

In “The Examiner” of the 31st of March, 1822, there is the

following pleasant little story.
The Wonderful Physician.
One morning at daybreak a father came into his son’s
bedchamber, and told him that a wonderful stranger was to be seen.
“You are sick,” said he, “and fond of great shows. Here are no
quack-doctors now, nor keeping of beds. A remarkable being is
announced all over the town, who not only heals the sick, but makes
the very grass grow; and what is more, he is to rise out of the sea.”
The boy, though he was of a lazy habit, and did not like to be
waked, jumped up at hearing of such an extraordinary exhibition,
and hastened with his father to the door of the house, which stood
upon the sea-shore. “There,” said the father, pointing to the sun,
which at that moment sprung out of the ocean like a golden world,
“there, foolish boy, you who get me so many expenses with your
lazy diseases, and yourself into so many troubles, behold at last a
remedy, cheap, certain, and delightful. Behold at last a physician,
who has only to look in your face every morning at this same hour,
and you will be surely well.”

Provincial Medical Practice.

Country people who are unusually plain in notion, and straight
forward in conduct, frequently commit the care of their health to
very odd sort of practitioners.
A late celebrated empiric, in Yorkshire, called the Whitworth
Doctor, was of so great fame as to have the honour of attending the
brother of lord Thurlow. The name of this doctor was Taylor: he and
his brother were farriers by profession, and to the last, if both a two-
legged and a four-legged patient were presented at the same time,
the doctor always preferred the four-legged one. Their practice was
immense, as may be well imagined from the orders they gave the
druggist; they dealt principally with Ewbank and Wallis, of York, and
a ton of Glauber’s salt, with other articles in proportion, was their
usual order. On a Sunday morning the doctors used to bleed gratis.
The patients, often to the number of an hundred, were seated on
benches round a room, where troughs were placed to receive the
blood. One of the doctors then went and tied up the arm of each
patient, and was immediately followed by the other who opened the
vein. Such a scene is easier conceived than described. From their
medical practice, the nice formality of scales and weights was
banished; all was “rule of thumb.” An example of their practice may
elucidate their claim to celebrity: being sent for to a patient who was
in the last stage of a consumption, the learned doctor prescribed a
leg of mutton to be boiled secundum artem, into very strong broth,
a quart of which was to be taken at proper intervals: what might
have been its success is not to be related, as the patient died before
the first dose was got down. As bone-setters they were remarkably
skilful, and, perhaps, to their real merit in this, and the cheapness of
their medicines, they were indebted for their great local fame.

The “Public Ledger” of the 31st of March, 1825, contains

A crooked Coincidence.
A pamphlet published in the year 1703, has the following strange
title:—“The deformity of sin cured, a sermon, preached at St.
Michael’s, Crooked Lane, before the Prince of Orange; by the Rev.
James Crookshanks. Sold by Matthew Dowton, at the Crooked Billet,
near Cripplegate, and by all other Booksellers.” The words of the text
are, “Every crooked path shall be made straight.” The Prince before
whom it was preached was deformed in his person.

A Seasonable Epitaph
on the late
J. C. March, Esq.
Death seemed so envious of my clay,
He bade me march and marched away;
Now underneath the vaulted arch,
My corpse must change to dust and March.
J. R. P.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 44·22.

[116] Addit. MSS. 5016.

APRIL.
 On April, in old kalendars, is drawn
A gallant hawker, pacing on a lawn,
Holding a bell’d and hooded fowl of prey,
Ready to loose him in the airy way.
For daily, now, descends the solar beam,
And the warm earth seems in a waking dream;
Insects creep out, leaves burst, and flowers rise,
And birds enchant the woods, and wing the skies;
Each sentient being a new sense receives,
And eloquently looks, to each, it lives.
The name of this month is before observed to have been derived
from the verb aperire,[117] which signifies to open, because seeds
germinate, and at this season flowers begin to blow; yet Macrobius
affirms that it is derived from a Greek word signifying aphrilis, or
descended from Venus, or, born of the scum of the sea, because
Romulus dedicated the month to Venus. This may be the real
derivation; the former is the most natural.

“April,” says the author of the Mirror of the Months, “is spring—
the only spring month that we possess—the most juvenile of the
months, and the most feminine—the sweetest month of all the year;
partly because it ushers in the May, and partly for its own sake, so
far as any thing can be valuable without reference to any thing else.
It is, to May and June, what ‘sweet fifteen,’ in the age of woman, is
to passion-stricken eighteen, and perfect two-and-twenty. It is worth
two Mays, because it tells tales of May in every sigh that it breathes,
and every tear that it lets fall. It is the harbinger, the herald, the
promise, the prophecy, the foretaste of all the beauties that are to
follow it—of all, and more—of all the delights of summer, and all the
‘pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious autumn.’ It is fraught
with beauties that no other month can bring before us, and
‘It bears a glass which shows us many more.’
Its life is one sweet alternation of smiles and sighs and tears, and
tears and sighs and smiles, till it is consummated at last in the open
laughter of May.”
 By the same hand we are directed to observe, “what a sweet
flush of new green has started up to the face of this meadow! And
the new-born daisies that stud it here and there, give it the look of
an emerald sky, powdered with snowy stars. In making our way to
yonder hedgerow, which divides the meadow from the little copse
that lines one side of it, let us not take the shortest way, but keep
religiously to the little footpath; for the young grass is as yet too
tender to bear being trod upon; and the young lambs themselves,
while they go cropping its crisp points, let the sweet daisies alone,
as if they loved to look upon a sight as pretty and as innocent as
themselves.” It is further remarked that “the great charm of this
month, both in the open country and the garden, is undoubtedly the
infinite green which pervades it every where, and which we had best
gaze our fill at while we may, as it lasts but a little while,—changing
in a few weeks into an endless variety of shades and tints, that are
equivalent to as many different colours. It is this, and the budding
forth of every living member of the vegetable world, after its long
winter death, that in fact constitutes the spring; and the sight of
which affects us in the manner it does, from various causes—chiefly
moral and associated ones; but one of which is unquestionably
physical: I mean the sight of so much tender green after the eye has
been condemned to look for months and months on the mere
negation of all colour, which prevails in winter in our climate. The
eye feels cheered, cherished, and regaled by this colour, as the
tongue does by a quick and pleasant taste, after having long palated
nothing but tasteless and insipid things.—This is the principal charm
of spring, no doubt. But another, and one that is scarcely second to
this, is, the bright flush of blossoms that prevails over and almost
hides every thing else in the fruit-garden and orchard. What
exquisite differences and distinctions and resemblances there are
between all the various blossoms of the fruit-trees; and no less in
their general effect than in their separate details! The almond-
blossom, which comes first of all, and while the tree is quite bare of
leaves, is of a bright blush-rose colour; and when they are fully
blown, the tree, if it has been kept to a compact head, instead of
being permitted to straggle, looks like one huge rose, magnified by
some fairy magic, to deck the bosom of some fair giantess. The
various kinds of plum follow, the blossoms of which are snow-white,
and as full and clustering as those of the almond. The peach and
nectarine, which are now full blown, are unlike either of the above;
and their sweet effect, as if growing out of the hard bare wall, or the
rough wooden paling, is peculiarly pretty. They are of a deep blush
colour, and of a delicate bell shape, the lips, however, divided, and
turning backward, to expose the interior to the cherishing sun. But
perhaps the bloom that is richest and most promising in its general
appearance is that of the cherry, clasping its white honours all round
the long straight branches, from heel to point, and not letting a leaf
or a bit of stem be seen, except the three or four leaves that come
as a green finish at the extremity of each branch. The other
blossoms, of the pears, and (loveliest of all) the apples, do not come
in perfection till next month.”

Spring.
The beauties of the seasons are a constant theme with their
discoverers—the poets. Spring, as the reproductive source of “light
and life and love,” has the preeminence with these children of
nature. The authors of “The Forest Minstrel and other poems,”
William and Mary Howitt, have high claims upon reflective and
imaginative minds, in return for the truth and beauty contained in an
elegant volume, which cultivates the moral sense, and infuses a
devotional spirit, through exquisite description and just application.
The writers have traversed “woods and wilds, and fields, and lanes,
with a curious and delighted eye,” and “written not for the sake of
writing,” but for the indulgence of their overflowing feelings. They
are “members of the Society of Friends,” and those who are
accustomed to regard individuals of that community as necessarily
incapable of poetical impression, will be pleased by reading from Mr.
Howitt’s “Epistle Dedicatory” what he says of his own verses, and of
his helpmate in the work:—
 And now ’tis spring, and bards are gathering flowers;
So I have cull’d you these, and with them sent
The gleanings of a nymph whom some few hours
Ago I met with—some few years I meant—
Gathering “true-love” amongst the wild-wood bowers;
You’ll find some buds all with this posy blent,
If that ye know them, which some lady fair
Viewing, may haply prize, for they are wond’rous rare.
Artists have seldom represented friends—“of the Society of
Friends,”—with poetical feeling. Mr. Howitt’s sketch of himself, and
her whom he found gathering “true-love,” though they were not clad
perhaps “as worldlings are,” would inspire a painter, whose art could
be roused by the pen, to a charming picture of youthful affection.
The habit of some of the young men, in the peaceable community,
maintains its character, without that extremity of the fashion of
being out of fashion, which marks the wearer as remarkably formal;
while the young females of the society, still preserving the distinction
prescribed by discipline, dress more attractively, to the cultivated
eye, than a multitude of the sex who study variety of costume. Such
lovers, pictured as they are imagined from Mr. Howitt’s lines, would
grace a landscape, enfoliated from other stanzas in the same poem,
which raise the fondest recollections of the pleasures of boyhood in
spring.
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