UNIT 1.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF PLANET EARTH
I.- Continental crust relief:
A) A mountain is a natural elevation of the land. The tallest mountain is Mauna Kea 9 754
m, in Hawaii. Its base is at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
–A1: A mountain range is a continuous chain of mountains.
–A2: A system is a group of ranges.
B) A plain. A plain is an area of flat land. There are different types of plains:
–B1: A plateau is a large, flat raised area.
–B2: A moor is an area of uncultivated hilly land.
–B3: A depression is a large area of land lower than the surrounding area.
C) A valley is a long depression in the relief. There are different types of valleys:
–C1: A canyon is a deep narrow passage between two mountains.
–C2: A basin is a valley surrounded by high areas, wider than a canyon.
II.- Oceanic crust relief:
D) The continental shelf is the part of a continent that is underwater (until 200 m).
E) The continental slope is an underwater cliff that drops off deep into the ocean.
F) The abyssal plain is a great plain in the deepest part of the seas and oceans.
G) Oceanic ridges cut across the abyssal plain. They reach 2000 to 3000 m height.
H) Oceanic trenches are large depressions on the ocean floor. The greatest depth is the
Mariana Trench, 11 033 m deep, in the Pacific Ocean.
-There are 5 oceans. From
largest to smallest: Pacific,
Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic and
Arctic. There are smaller bodies
of water called seas, the
Mediterranean, the Baltic...
-Waves, ocean currents and
tides erode coastlines over
time. They create cliffs, capes,
gulfs, peninsulas, beaches and
other coastal relief.
UNIT 1. THE FOUNDATIONS OF PLANET EARTH
UNIT 1. UNIT 1. THE FOUNDATIONS OF PLANET EARTH. SESSION 2
Today, the material corresponding to material 2 THE RELIEF has been taught. The following exercises should be
completed by the next session. Here you are a video on the THE RELIEF https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPZEvRrYIyQ
SCRIPT: Hello friends! Welcome to a new Happy Learning video! Look at these images! Wow! What a tall mountain! Hey! And what a cool island! Oh! And how dizzy! That's quite
a cliff! It even has a small waterfall! All this that we have seen are relief elements. But what exactly is a relief? As you can see, the shapes of the Earth's surface are not always
the same. Sometimes the terrain we see is super flat. Other times it is more undulated, with hills and mountains. And others are surrounded by seas, like this island. Well, that
is the relief, the different shapes that the surface of the Earth has, including the bottom of the sea. As the Earth is very, very large, to study the relief, we have divided it into two
types. Inland relief and coastal relief. The differences between one and the other is pretty obvious, don't you think? The inland relief is, as its name suggests, the one that is in
the interior. And has three forms of relief. The mountains, which are great elevations of land. Valleys, which is the land located between the mountains, like the ones where
these cows live. And the plains that are, as its name suggests, great extensions of very flat land. Plains are rather plain, it's a trick to remember. The coastal relief is the one that
is next to the sea. That is to say, on the coast. In it we can find beautiful beaches, where we can see these rowdy seagulls. We can also see high cliffs. A group of islands full of
palm trees, known as archipelagos. And many other forms of reliefs. Now, let's review. Relief is the different shapes of the Earth's surface, including the seabed. We can divide
it into two types of relief. Inland relief, such as mountains. And coastal relief, such as beaches. Ah, but before we say goodbye. On behalf of Happy Learning, we want to tell you
that you have to take care and protect nature. We have already seen how beautiful the mountains, valleys, beaches and all forms of reliefs are. But, sadly, many times we find
them full of garbage and dirt. So, please recycle everything you can. Do not throw plastic or any kind of waste on the ground. And pollute as little as possible. Nature and all
living beings on Earth will thank you for it.
1. Write True or False next to each sentence about Relief Types.
TRUE FALSE
A plateau is a flat and low-lying landform. X
The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the ocean. X
Oceanic ridges are lower than abyssal plains. X
A moor is a cultivated plain. X
A canyon is a narrow valley between two mountains. X
A plain is always located underwater. X
A peninsula is surrounded by water on three sides. X
The continental slope is deeper than the continental shelf. X
The Pacific Ocean is the smallest ocean. X
Ocean currents and tides shape the coastlines. X
2. Complete the text below about the Oceanic Crust Relief:
slope – trenches – heights – shelf – ridges – Pacific – underwater – abyssal – depth – oceans
The continental shelf is the part of the continent that is underwater up to 200 m. The continental slope is
a steep drop into the deep oceans. The abyssal plain is a flat relief at the bottom of the ocean. Oceanic
ridges rise up from the abyssal plain and reach heights of 2,000–3,000 meters. Oceanic trenches are very
deep, like Mariana’s archipelago in the Pacific, which reaches a depth of 11,033 meters.
3. Look at the picture and answer these questions about the Continental Crust Relief.
a) What is the difference between a mountain range and a system?
→ A mountain range is a chain of mountains; a system is a group of ranges.
b) What is a plateau?
→ A plateau is a large, flat, raised area of land.
c) What is the difference between a canyon and a basin?
→ A canyon is narrow and deep; a basin is wide and surrounded by high land.
d) Name three types of plains.
→ Plateau, moor, depression.
e) Where is the base of Mauna Kea located?
→ At the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
4. Relate the concepts about the Coastal and Oceanic Relief
1. Cliff c. Steep rock face shaped by waves
2. Oceanic trench e. Very deep part of the ocean floor
3. Continental shelf a. Shallow seabed near the coast
4. Cape d. Land that juts into the sea
5. Abyssal plain b. Flat, deep ocean floor
