2025/01/29 DEF General Information (SEBU6251-32)

SMCS - 108K i10217794

General Information PIP

-10
202that are equipped
This fluid MUST be used in engines 934 with Selective
2 5 /0 meet all 8
the1requirements
3chapter in this
Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. DEF must
5
0:2 Fluids Specification
/0
detailed in the Exhaust Aftertreatment
0 : 9
Special Publication.
SEB 45+
U 6 02:
©2
Aftertreatment systems may include the following:
2 5 00
Diesel Particulate Filters0
25 1
(DPF)
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Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC) at
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Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
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Lean NOx Traps (LNT) c.
Other systems may apply.

Regulations may vary around the world. Follow all the local regulations and
fluids requirements in your area. Refer to your engine-specific Operation and
Maintenance Manual, and refer to your aftertreatment device
documentation, if available, for additional guidance.

NOTICE
Do not add new engine oil, waste engine oil or any oil product
to the fuel unless the engine is designed and certified to burn
diesel engine oil (for example Caterpillar ORS designed for large
engines). Caterpillar experience has shown that adding oil
products to Tier 4 engine fuels (U. S. EPA Tier 4 certified), to
Euro IV/ Stage IV certified engine fuels, or to the fuels of
engines equipped with exhaust aftertreatment devices, will
generally cause the need for more frequent ash service intervals
and/or cause loss of performance. Adding oil products to the
fuel may raise the sulfur level of the fuel and may cause fouling
:
 of the fuel system and loss of performance.

PIP
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is a liquid that-1
202Catalytic0Reduction
934 (SCR) systems. SCR
is injected into the exhaust system

reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides 5

of engines equipped with Selective

20: (NOx) 813exhaust.

/05in diesel engine
2 0 /09 including those
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is available
:45 DEF is also generically
SEorBAPI certification.
in many brands,
brands that carry the AdBlue
U +02
referred to as urea.
© 2 625 :00
In engines equipped with SCR 0emissions
2 5 1 system, DEF is injected
reduction
in controlled amounts into the engineC
aterto ammonia. The ammonia
exhaust stream. At the elevated
exhaust temperature, urea in DEF is converted
p ll of the SCR
chemically reacts with NOx in diesel exhaust in theipresence
ar (N2)
I
catalyst. The reaction converts NOx into harmless nitrogen
water vapor (H2O).
n gas and
c.
Note: Follow all applicable industry standards and all applicable
governmental, environmental, safety guidelines, practices, regulations, and
mandates.

Note: These general recommendations and guidelines concerning

maintenance and care of DEF and DEF storage systems are not intended to
be all inclusive. Discuss proper DEF safety, health, handling, and
maintenance practices with your DEF supplier. Use of these general
recommendations and guidelines does not lessen the responsibility of the
engine owner and/or DEF supplier to follow all industry standard practices
for DEF storage and for DEF handling.

DEF Recommendations for SCR Aftertreatment

Systems
For use in Cat engines, DEF must meet all the requirements defined by the
"ISO 22241-1" standard.

The caps of DEF tanks are typically blue as recommended by the "ISO
22241-4" Standard. Fill DEF only in clearly marked DEF tanks that have the
:
 blue cap.

PIP
Caterpillar recommends the use of DEF available through the Cat parts

-10
ordering system for use in Cat engines equipped with SCR systems. Refer to
202
Table 1 for part number information:
934
20: 5 / 0 8 1 3
Table 1
20: 09 5 /
Cat Part Number
SEBSize 45+
Container
(32.5% Urea)
U
2.5 gal bottle 6
0 2 :00
350-8733 © 2 tote2 2 5
350-8734 1000-L0
5C 1
ateapproved
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In North America, commercial DEF that is API
p
requirements defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used
and meets all the
illinaCat engines that are
equipped with SCR systems. r In
c.
Outside of North America, commercial DEF that meets all requirements
defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used in Cat engines that are equipped
with SCR systems.

The supplier should provide documentation to prove that the DEF is

compliant with the requirements of "ISO 22241-1".

NOTICE
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of non-
Cat® fluids.

NOTICE
Do not use agriculture grade urea solutions. Do not use any
fluids that do not meet "ISO 22241-1" Requirements in SCR
emissions reduction systems. Use of these fluids can result in
numerous problems including damage to SCR equipment and a
reduction in NOx conversion efficiency.
:
 PIP
-10 in deionized water to
2 32.5%
DEF is a solution of solid urea that is dissolved
produce a final concentration of 0
2 93SCR 4
2 5 urea. Most
/0 8systems are
1 3
designed to operate only on DEF concentration
solution of 32.5% urea has the0lowest
5 of 32.5 percent.
:20attainable/0freeze
DEF

: 4 9 point of −11.5° C

S 5
EB systems and+"ISO
(11.3° F). DEF concentrations that are higher or lower than 32.5% have
higher freeze points. DEF dosing
U 625 32.5%. 0 2 22241-1" specifications
:00
© 2that is approximately
are designed for a solution
0 5 can be 1used to measure DEF
Caterpillar offers refractometers2that
concentration. Refer to Table 2 for theC a
part
terp
numbers. Follow the instructions
provided with the instruments.
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Table 2
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Cat DEF Refractometers

Digital display, easy to use, and

360-
multifunctional
Refractometer Part 0774
(DEF, coolant, battery fluid, and more)
Numbers
431- Analog, specific to DEF, and requires a multi-
7087 step test procedure

DEF Guidelines
DEF solution is typically colorless and clear. Changes to color or clarity are
indicators of quality issues. Quality of DEF can degrade when stored and
handled inappropriately or if DEF is not protected from contamination.
Details are provided below.

If quality issues are suspected, testing of DEF should focus on urea

percentage, alkalinity as NH3 and biuret content. DEF that does not pass all
these tests or that is no longer clear should not be used.

Note: Caterpillar strongly recommends that customers purchase the pre-

mixed DEF urea solution from a reputable supplier. The DEF must satisfy all
the specifications of quality given in this chapter of this Special Publication.
Urea solutions that are not made of urea and water of the appropriate
quality and cleanliness may damage the SCR system. Poor or questionable
PIP
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202 934
5/0 81
:
 PIP
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quality DEF can lead to additional repair and maintenance costs to the

20in2Tier 4 Stage93IIIB4MLIT Step 4 products

customer. Cat warranties do not cover failures caused by or related to use of
out of specification urea solutions
equipped with SCR systems.
5
20: /05/0 813
20: 9
Materials compatibility SEB 45+
U 6 0 2 :
© 202 51 00 materials:
DEF is corrosive. Due to the corrosion caused, DEF
2
constructed of approved materials. Recommended
must be stored in tanks
storage

5C
Stainless Steels:
ater
304 (S30400) pill
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304L (S30403)
c.
316 (S31600)

316L (S31603)

Alloys and metals:

Chromium Nickel (CrNi)

Chromium Nickel Molybdenum (CrNiMo)

Titanium

Non-metallic materials:

Polyethylene

Polypropylene

Polyisobutylene

Teflon (PFA)

Polyfluoroethylene (PFE)

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

PIP
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

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202 934
5/0 8
5/0 13
:
 PIP
-10include aluminum, copper,
2 nickel
copper alloys, magnesium, zinc, 0
Materials NOT compatible with DEF solutions
9silver,
25coatings, 348and carbon steel and
2
solders containing any of the
0 /05/ reactions13may occur if DEF
above. Unexpected
solutions come in contact with any
0 09material or unknown
:2non-compatible
materials. SEB :45+
U 6 0 2 :00
© 202 2 5
PIP-10934813
2025/05/09 5C 1
20:20:02+02:00 aterp
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© 2025 Caterpillar Inc.
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