EE171

Introduction to Computers &

Programming for Engineers

Lecture 5:
Computer Programing with C
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 Online Compilers

https://www.onlinegdb.com/online_c_compiler#

https://www.programiz.com/c-programming/online-compiler/

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_c_online.php

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 Loop Control Statements

Jump Statements

Arrays

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 Loop Control Statements

Jump Statements

Arrays

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 Loop Control Statements
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 Looping can be defined as repeating the same process multiple times

until a specific condition is satisfied
 Using loops, we do not need to write the same code again and again.
 Loops are useful when working with arrays
 There are 3 types of loop statements in C language:
• for
• while
• do while
 Loop Control Statements
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If the Test Condition is TRUE,

the loop is executed

After each successfully

execution, the loop starts at the
entry point again

When the Test Condition is

FALSE, the execution breaks out
of the loop
 for Loop
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 The for loop is used to execute a block of statements for a predefined iterations
until a particular condition is satisfied.
 The general form of for loop is:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
statements;
}
 Initialization: Starting point of the loop. Checked only once.
 Condition:The test expression, evaluated on each iteration of the loop
 Increment/decrement: The modifier expression, which changes the value of loop
control variable.This expression is executed at the end of each loop.
 for Loop…
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1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output

1
2. # include <stdio.h>
2
3. int main( ) { 3
4. int a; 4
5. for(a = 1; a <= 10; a++) 5
6
6. {
7
7. printf(“%d \n”, a); 8
8. } 9
9. } 10
 while Loop
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 The while loop is useful when we don't know the number of iterations
in advance.
 The general form of while loop is:

while (condition is true)

{
statements;
increment/decrement;
}
 while Loop…
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1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output

2. # include <stdio.h> 1
2
3. int main( ) {
3
4. int a = 1; 4
5. while(a <= 10) 5
6. { 6
7. printf(“%d \n”, a); 7
8. a++; 8
9. } 9
10. } 10
 do-while Loop
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 The structure of do-while loop is similar to while loop.

 The general form of do-while loop is:
do {
statements;
increment/decrement;
} while (condition is true)
 Assignment: Compare and Contrast between the while loop and do-while
loop.
 do-while Loop…
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1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output

2. # include <stdio.h> 1
2
3. int main( ) { 3
4. int a = 1; 4
5. do { 5
6. printf(“%d \n”, a); 6
7
7. a++;
8
8. } while (a <= 10); 9
9. } 10
 Loop Control Statements

Jump Statements

Arrays

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 Jump Statements
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 Jump statement makes the control jump to another section of

the program unconditionally when encountered.
 Used to terminate the loop or switch-case instantly.
 C language provides four jump statements:
• Break
• Continue
• Goto
• Return
 break Statement
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 A break statement is used to terminate the execution

of the rest of the block where it is present and takes the
control out of the block to the next statement.
 The break statement is used inside a loop or switch
statement.
 The use of break in switch statement has been
explained in the previous slides.
 break Statement…
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1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output

2. # include <stdio.h>
3. int main( ) { 1
4. for(int a = 1; a <= 10; a++) 2
5. { 3
6. if (a == 7)
7. break;
4
8. printf(“%d \n”, a); 5
9. } 6
10.}
 continue Statement
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 The continue statement is similar to the break statement.

 The continue statement causes the program to skip the
execution of the current iteration and jump to the next
iteration within the same loop.
 Continue skips WHILE break exits
 The continue statement can be used only in loops.
 continue Statement…
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1. /* Print 1 to 10 numbers */ Output

2. # include <stdio.h> 1
3. int main( ) { 2
4. int a; 3
5. for(a = 1; a <= 10; a++) 4
6. { 5
7. if (a == 7)
6
8. continue;
8
9. printf(“%d \n”, a);
10. } 9
11.} 10
 goto Statement
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 When a goto statement is encountered in a C program, the

control jumps directly to the label mentioned in the goto
statement
 Syntax for goto:
goto label_name;
..
..
label_name: C-statements;
 goto Statement…
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1. # include <stdio.h> Output

2. int main( ) {
3. int a = 35, b = 10;
4. if (a>b)
5. {
6. goto addition; End of the program
7. }
8. printf("This statement will be skipped! \n");
9. printf(“Even this one will be skipped! \n");
10. addition: printf("End of the program \n");
11. }
 Return Statement
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 Will be discussed when we learn Functions

 Loop Control Statements

Jump Statements

Arrays

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 Arrays
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 Array is a data structure that hold finite sequential

collection of homogeneous data.
 Is a collection of data items, all of the same type, accessed
using a common name.
 The elements of an array are referred by a common name and
are differentiated from one another by their position within
an array.
 Arrays consist of contiguous memory locations.
 Arrays Indexing
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 A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.

 Arrays in C are indexed starting at 0.

 Suppose A[20] is an array of 20 elements, we can reference

each element as
• A[0] – 1st element
• A[1] – 2nd element
• …
• …
• A[19] -20th element
 Arrays Declaration
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 The general form of declaring a array is:

data_type array_name[size];

int marks[5];
char letters [100];
float temperature[31];
 Arrays Initialization
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(1) Static Initialization:

int marks[5] = {90, 86, 89, 15, 91};
char letters[10] = {‘c’, ‘o’, ‘m’, ‘p’, ‘u’, ‘t’, ‘e’, ‘r’};
float rate[2][2] = {20.5, 15.7, 12.34, 24.12};
 Size of array is optional when using Static Declaration:
int marks[] = {90, 86, 89, 15, 91};
 Array can be initialized to zero:

int marks[] = { }; or int marks[] = { 0 };

 Arrays Initialization…
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(1) Dynamic Initialization:

int marks[5];

marks[0] = 90;
marks[1] = 86;
………..
marks[4] = 91;
 Arrays Dimensions
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 Single-Dimensional Array
int marks[5] = {3, 2, 1, 5, 4};

 Multi-Dimensional Array
int manymarks[2][3] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 70};
int manymarks[2][3] = {{10, 20, 30}, {40, 60, 70}};
int manymarks[][3] = {{10, 20, 30}, {40, 60, 70}};
 Accessing Array Elements
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 We can access elements of an array by indices/position

 Array indexing starts at zero
 Suppose int marks[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
 Then mark[2] = 70; changes 3rd element of marks
array
 Also int temp = mark[1]; Stores 2nd element to
another variable temp
 Exercise 1
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 Write a C program which stores five numbers

in an array. The program should calculate the
sum of those numbers and display the result.
 # include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int number[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int sum = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
sum = sum + number[i];
}
printf("The sum of five numbers is %d “, sum);
}
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 Exercise 2
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 Write a C program which stores five numbers

in an array. The program should calculate the
average of those numbers and display the
result.
 # include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int number[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int sum = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
sum = sum + number[i];
}
float average = sum / 5;
printf(“The average of five numbers is %f”, average);
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}
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