SHASHE: ASSIGNMENT MOTION 1
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a velocity-time graph for a car.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Describe the motion of the car between A and D.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….[3]
(b) At time t = 35 s a pedestrian crosses the road in front of the car. The driver starts
to apply the brakes 1.0 s later and the car slows down steadily to rest, taking a
further 4.0 s.
(i) Complete the graph in Fig. 1.1 to show the motion of the car after 35 s.
1
Calculate
(ii) the distance traveled by the car during the first 35 s,
distance = ……………………..
(iii) the deceleration,
deceleratin = ………………………
(iv) the braking force if the mass of the car is 800 kg.
braking force = ……………………[9]
2
2 Figure 2.1 is a graph showing the variation of the speed v of an object with time t,
as the object falls through the air.
Fig.2.1
(a) Write down the speed of the object when its acceleration is
(i) at its maximum value, Speed = …………….
(ii) at its minimum value, Speed = ……………
(b) Write down the minimum value of the acceleration of the object.
acceleration = ……………………………
(c) Estimate the distance traveled by the object in the first 2.0 s.
Show your working clearly.
distance traveled = ………………………
3
3 The graph shows the variation of speed with time of a runner over the first 0.5 s of
a particular run.
For this part of the run,
(a) determine the maximum speed of the runner,
(b) describe briefly how the acceleration of the runner varied,
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(c) estimate the distance traveled by the runner.
[6]
4
4 Fig. 4.1 shows the variation of speed u with time t of a ball thrown vertically
upwards into the air. Only the first 0.4 s of the graph has been plotted. In this
question, air resistance can be neglected.
Fig. 4.1
(a) State what is meant by the speed of the ball.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) Complete fig. 4.1 to show the variation of the speed u with time t between t =
0.4 s and t = 1.2 s
[2]
(c) State the value of the time when the ball is at it highest point above the
ground.
time = …………………. [1]
(d) Determine the vertical distance covered by the ball in the first 0.4 s of its
motion.
distance = ……………………………… [3]
5
5 Fig. 5.1 shows a trolley being pulled along a horizontal bench by means of the
tension T in the thread fastened to the front of the trolley. The other end of the
thread is attached to a mass hanger.
Fig.5.1
A group of students times the motion of the trolley after it has been given a small
initial push. They obtain the following data.
Distance traveled/m 0.60 1.20 1.80
Time/s 2.2 4.6 6.4
(a) Describe in a few words, the motion of the trolley. Justify your answer.
Description ………………………………………………………….
Justification
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………[3]
(b) Determine the average speed of the trolley.
Average speed = ……………………..
6
6 The graph shows how the VELOCITY of a stone varied from the moment that it
is thrown vertically upwards in air.
(a) How long did it take the stone to reach its highest point?
………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(b) How high did the stone rise?
………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
(c) Explain how this graph shows that air resistance had no effect on the motion
of the stone.
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
7
7 Table 1 below shows the variation with time t of the distance s travelled by an
aircraft as it starts moving along an runway.
t/s 0 1 2 3 4 5
s/m 0 1 6 17 37 67
Table 1
State , giving your reasons,
(i) Whether the speed of the aircraft is increasing , decreasing or remaining
constant
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Whether the acceleration of the aircraft is increasing, decreasing or remaining
constant.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [4]
(b) A parachutist falls from an aircraft which is flying horizontally. The parachute
opens some time after the start of the fall.
(i) State why the initial vertical acceleration of the parachutist is approximately
10m/s2.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State and explain what happens to the vertical speed of the parachutist after
the parachute opens.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………............ [4]
8
8 Fig. 8.1 shows the speed – time graph for a child on a swing.
Fig.8.1
(a) Write down :
(i) the maximum speed ……………………………….
(ii) the time at which the maximum speed occurs.
……………………………………………………….. [2]
(b) (i) On the graph , mark with a cross one point at which the magnitude of the
acceleration of the child is maximum. Label this point ‘M’.
(ii) Mark one point at which the acceleration is zero. Label this point ‘Z’.
(c) Estimate the distance traveled by the child in 1.2 s.
(d) Describe briefly the changes in acceleration during the period shown on the graph.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
9
9 A cyclist uniformly accelerates from 8m/s to 12m/s in 5 s.
(a) Calculate the increase in speed in 1 s.
increase in speed = ………………………. m/s [2]
(b) Sketch a speed time graph for his motion.
10
10 A small stone is projected vertically upwards from the ground.
Fig. 10.1 shows the speed-time graph of motion for the stone.
Fig.10.1
(a) Use the graph to find
(i) the speed at which the stone is projected;
Speed = …………………………………
(ii) the time taken by the stone to reach its maximum height.
Time =………………………………
(iii) The stone is projected upwards from the ground at a higher speed.
Tick the correct boxes;
The stone reaches a greater height
The stone reaches the same height
The stone reaches a lower height
The stone takes a longer time to reach its maximum height
The stone takes the same time to reach its maximum height
The stone takes a shorter time to reach its maximum height [4]
11
11 The graph below shows how the velocity of a ball changed when it was rolled up
a smooth slope with an initial speed of 8m/s.
Time(s)
(a) At what time did the ball reach its highest point on the slope?
……………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Calculate the greatest distance of the ball from its starting point.
……………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the ball as it moved up the slope.
………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(d) At what time would the ball return to its starting point?
……………………………………………………………………………… [1]
12
12 The graph below shows how the speed of a parachutist varied with time when he
was falling through the air before opening his parachute.
(a) Show your working, calculate the initial constant acceleration.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
(b) What was the acceleration after 6 s?
………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
13
13 Fig, 13.1 shows a speed-time graph of an athlete in a 100 m race. The athlete
starts from rest at O.
Fig.13.1
(a) Describe the motion of the athlete in terms of speed
(i) between O and P,
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) between R and S,
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) at T.
…………………………………………………………………………………. [5]
(b) The athlete completed the race in 12 s.
Calculate her average speed.
average speed = …………………………….. [2]
14
14 A cheetah accelerates uniformly from rest and reaches a speed of 30m/s in 6.5 s.
An aircraft accelerates uniformly from rest and reaches a take off speed of 60m/s
in 30 s.
(a) On Fig. 14.1, draw a speed-time graph for,
(i) the cheetah ( label this graph X),
(ii) the aircraft (label this graph Y).
Fig.14.1
(b) (i) Which of the two graphs shows a greater acceleration?
…………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Justify your answer to (b)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… [2]
15
15 Fig. 15.1 shows a girl holding a ball at a point h, which is 1.5 m high.
Fig.15.1
She then throws the ball vertically up to a height of 3.3 m above the ground.
Neglect air resistance.
(a) (i) What is the speed of the ball at the highest point?
Speed= ………………
(ii) At what speed does the ball leave the girl’s hand?
Speed= ………………
(iii) How long does the ball take to reach the highest point?
Time= ………………….
[6]
(b) At what speed does the ball pass point h on its way down?
Speed= …………… [1]
16
16 Fig. 16.1 shows velocity - time graphs for two cars, A and B. The cars travel
along a straight road.
Fig.16.1
(a) (i) Describe the motion of cars A and B in section V.
A……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
B ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… [2]
(ii) Describe the motion of car B in sections X, Y and Z of the journey.
X ……………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………… [3]
Y …………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… [1]
Z ……………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………… [1]
17
(b) Calculate the distance traveled by car A in section W of the journey.
Distance = ………… [2]
(c) The cars are alongside one another and start in the same direction when t = 0.
Are the cars together when t = 16?
…………………………………………………………………………………
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
17 A car accelerates uniformly from rest for 20 s with an acceleration of 1.5m/s2. It
then travels at a constant speed for 2 minutes before slowing down with a
uniform deceleration to come to rest in a further 10 s.
(a) Sketch a speed-time graph of the motion.
[3]
(b) Find the maximum speed
[3]
18
(c) Find the total distance traveled
[3]
18 A small metal ball is dropped into a tall jar containing oil as shown in Fig.18.1.
Fig.18.1
The acceleration of the ball at the surface of the oil P, is 10m/s2. At a depth Q the
ball reaches terminal velocity.
(a) What is the value of the acceleration of the ball at depth Q?
acceleration = ………………. [1]
(b) Describe how the following quantities change between P and Q.
(i) the acceleration of the ball,
………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) the speed of the ball,
……………………………………………………………………………...
(iii) the distance travelled per unit time by the ball.
…………………………………………………………………………. [4]
19
(c) State how, if at all the speed of the ball changes with time after level Q.
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(d) The ball takes 1 s to move from P to Q. On the axes below, sketch a speed-time
graph for the motion of the ball for a total of 3 s.
[3]
19 Fig. 19.1 shows a steel ball released from the surface of glycerine and falling
freely.
Fig.19.1
(a) (i) Mark and name on the diagram the vertical forces acting on the steel ball
when it is at point X.
20
(ii) Compare the forces, when the velocity of the ball is
1. increasing, ……………………………………………….
2. constant ………………………………………………….
[6]
(b) Fig. 19.2 shows the velocity time graph of the steel ball as it falls in the glycerine.
Fig.19.2
(i) State the value of the terminal velocity of the ball
terminal velocity= ………………………
(ii) State the time taken for the ball to attain terminal velocity.
Time = …………………………………
(iii) Explain why the acceleration between 0 and 1.25 s is not constant?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
[4]
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