An Analysis of 2018 General Elections in Charsadda, KP.
Husna Noor
Mphil Scholar of Pakistan Studies Center
Isra saleem
Bachelor scholar of Department of History and Pakistan Studies
International Islamic University, Islamabad.
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Abstract:
2018 elections, the 11th general election in Pakistan are historically significant as Pakistan
Tehrik e Insaf emerged as victorious party in Pakistan and so in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. The
current study has been conducted to know the electoral position of political parties in a
politically active region of KP i.e Charsadda. The study covers a brief geography and
demography of Charsadda. Besides, brief information about KPK assembly 2018 elections
results is given. The history of Charsadda elections gives an idea of previous elections leading
parties. However, electoral behavior of natives has been discussed from the following aspects;
credential to neighborhood, preference to family head choice in elections, male dominancy in
elections, preference to religious parties and a tragic turn of youth to their choice political
parties. The paper highlights the manifestation of top leading parties of the region. Every
constituency of Charsadda has been discussed in respect of political orientation. The study is a
blind of both qualitative and quantitative approach to explain the topic. The discussion part
covers authors own views about the people’s choice of political parties. The result of the election
shows the rejection of family head choice in elections concept. The emergence of PTI as sole
power in Charsadda shows the dominancy of youth choice.
Key words: Elections, general, Charsadda, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, PTI.
Introduction:
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In Pakistan’s Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province, Charsadda is a town that serves as the
administrative center of Charsadda district. It is situated at an elevation of 276m (906 feet) in the
valley of Peshawar (Government of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa). Charsadda is roughly 29km (18
miles) away from provincial capital of Peshawar. Charsadda district is approximately 996 square
km in size (Government of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa).
The city is home to the remainder of Peshkalavati (old name of Charsadda), also known as Lotus
city in Sansikriti, which was the capital of ancient Gandhara civilization. Charsadda is located in
Peshawar division of KP, it was a tehsil inside Peshawar district before becoming a separate
district in1998 (KP open data portal).Geographically the district is divided into two main
sections; Do Aaba (Pushtu: Duaba, two rivers) and Hashtnagar (Pushtu: Ashnaghar, eight cities)
(KP open data portal). The district is divided into 3 Tehsils: Shabqadar, Tangi and Charsadda.
About 126 village councils and 20 neighborhood councils (Local Govt. of KP, 2021)
Demographically, Charsadda has an overall population of 190,291,129 with land area 796,096
km2 (Tageo, 2023). Its urban population is 270201 and rural population is 1345994 (Total
population of district Charsadda, 2021).
Charsadda continuous to be one of the KP regions where political, social and educational
activities began earlier than in any other KP region. It is remained the center of significant
political movements such as Khudai Khidmatgar, prior to independence of Pakistan. Kinship,
family credential for political leader, neighborhood as a credential for a political leader is the key
elements play role during elections (Hussan & Taieb, 2021). Thus it makes the case of “Family
Relations” and “Family Socialization” particularly among Pakistan’s Pukhtun population is the
primary determinants of electoral behavior. A sizeable portion of the youth category didn’t cast
ballots based on familial ties, but they admitted the influence of the elder or family head, the
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concept of Mashar (Head of the family) is persuasive (Hussan & Taieb, 2021). However, the
political awareness among educated were more than the uneducated and illiterate people, highly
educated people do not prefer vote on the basis of family connections and the 2018 elections is a
noticeable and concrete evidence.
In 2013 general elections though PTI was the winning party in whole KP but in Charsadda the
1st leading party was JUI-F (MMA) and 2nd most leading party was QWP (pakinformation.com).
During 2008 general elections ANP was the 1st most acceptable party among people in
Charsadda while PPP (Sherpao) later called QWP was the 2nd leading party. The 2002 general
elections followed the pattern of 2013 elections and JUI-F was the 1st dominating party and PPP
(Sherpao) ranked on 2nd position (pakinformation.com).
The 2018 general elections have been significant because there seen the rise of new leaders, the
fall of established parties, and the introduction of new parties into power. 2018 general elections
have a revolutionary effect as PTI emerged as a dominant party in whole Pakistan by winning in
two Provinces Punjab and KP and got a chance to make government. Pakistan general elections;
2018 to be scheduled on 25th July, 2018 by ECP. PTI remained the largest party in National
Assembly with 115 seats and won 66 seats out of 97 in KP province (DAWN, 2018). In whole
KP, PTI turned out to the winner party and MMA the second most leading party and ANP ranked
on third position (DAWN, 2018). The KP province which was led by MMA and ANP
consecutively in 2002 and 2008 elections, opted PTI as leading party for the 2nd time in 2018
elections, previously in 2013 elections PTI was also the winner party (Pak Voter: A snapshot
into Election History of Pakistan). 2013 general election in KP was historic as PTI emerged as
dominant party in KP province only.
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In 2018 general elections in KP, PTI emerged as leading party with 65 seats in provincial
assembly. MMA got 10 seats in provincial assembly. ANP lied on 3rd position by making 7 seats
in KPK assembly and Independent parties got 6 seats. PMLN and PPPP secured 5 and 4 seats
respectively in provincial assembly.
Two alliances can be seen in Charsadda region; JUI-F’s alliance with QWP and PTI’s alliance
with JUI-S (FAFEN).
The following table shows the Party position in 2018 general election result in KP.
No Party Seats
1 PTI 65
2 MMA 10
3 ANP 7
4 IND 6
5 PML N 5
6 PPPP 4
*table 1.1, https://www.electionpakistani.com “KPK Assembly Party position assembly election
2018 results”
Active Political Parties in Charsadda:
Pakistan is a home to a multiparty system in which several secular and religious parties
participates in elections. Few ancient political parties of Charsadda are Awami National Party
founded by Abdul Wali Khan (son of Bacha Khan) in 1986 and Jamiat Ulama e Islam F (MMA:
Mutahida Majlis e Amal organization) a religious group consist of deobandi theology and
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Quami/ Qawmi Watan Party founded in 2012 (initially Pakistan People Party Sherpao) ( Rauf &
Shah, 2015). The religious political party which is a dominant part of the MMA (religious
political party’s organization) is JUI-F and the ethno nationalist political party ANP lead in the
district. ANP focus on the social and political development of the pukhtun society and the
maintenance of pukhtunwali in the political structure. While the JUI-F advocates for the
application of Islamic Sharia law legal model. Qaumi Watan Party is a neo-nationalist party that
advocates for rights of the Pashtuns in the region, the Pakistan Tehrik e Insaf has the manifesto
of Islamic socialism and came up with the “naya Pakistan” and tabdeeli rumble means change:
political, social and economic change, which was exciting to the youth.
The majority of ANP leaders and followers are local Charsadda resident and vast majority of
JUI-F adherents and leaders are the immigrants from other KP district, especially those of Bajaur,
Mohmand and Malakand (Hussan & Taieb, 2021). The QWP supporters are native people who
are likely to support socialism. The supporters of PTI are young generation who are mostly
college and university students.
Pakistan Justice and Democratic Party were made by former chief justice of Pakistan Iftikhar
Muhammad Chaudhry in Dec, 2015 (PJDP official website). It was active in KP. Its MOTO is to
provide justice to all. Tehrik e Labaik Pakistan a new face of Barelvi Activism founded in 2015
by Allama Khadim Hussain Rizwi. It is more popular in Punjab but also have a little familiarity
in KP. It is an Islamic extremist political party in Pakistan. Pukhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party
was founded by Mahmood Khan Achakzai in 1989. The party is active in Pukhton areas of
Balochistan and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (PMAP official website). It is a Pukhtoon nationalist
party struggle for the establishment of Pukhtoon province consisting of Pushto speaking people.
It believes in provincial autonomy. All Pakistan Muslim League was founded by former
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president of Pakistan Parvez Musharraf in 2010. It promotes the vision of progressive, modern
and moderate Islamic state of Pakistan. It has a minute familiarity in KP.
Methodology:
Aside from the fact that one of the authors was born and raised in Charsadda, the district was
chosen for this study because of its significance both historically and politically. According to
research total people registered for vote is 1047150 (Election Commission of Pakistan, 2018).
Qualitative and quantitative both approaches have been used in a descriptive and analytical way
to understand the study. Data for the study mainly consist of secondary data, collected from open
data websites, newspaper reports, and research articles. The study consists of both qualitative and
quantitative approach. Critical analysis is generated by Authors own understanding about
Charsadda, 2018 general elections.
Results of 2018 general elections in Charsadda:
Charsadda district have 2 seats of National Assembly and 6 seats of provincial Assembly
(pakinformation.com). MNA’s (Member of National Assembly) are always selected from NA-
23 and NA-24 while the winner of PK-56, 57, 58, 59, and 60 serves as MPA (Member of
Provincial Assembly). During 2018 general elections Anwar Taj and Fazal Muhammad Khan
served as MNA of Charsadda.
The results of 2018 elections were quiet surprising in the whole country and so in Charsadda,
because the dominating parties in the region faced defeat in the hands of PTI.
NA-23 Charsadda I
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Total population of the region is 812004, in which about 417576 people registered for voting
(The News, 2018). Out of which 240602 are registered male voters and 176974 are female
registered voters (Geo News). The turnout recorded was 42.61% (Al Jazeera). In 2018 general
elections the leading party in NA-23 is Pakistan Tehrik e Insaf with 59371 votes followed by
Mutahida Majlis e Amal 41391 votes, Qawmi Watan Party with 33561votes, Awami national
party ranked on 4th position with 18433 votes, the vote bank of PPPP recorded is 13966,
Indepemdent got 1308 votes while PMLN has the most lower position with only 1206 votes.
No Candidate Name Party Votes
1 Anwar Taj PTI 59371
2 Haji Zafar Ali Khan MMA 41391
3 Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao QWP 33561
4 Gulzar Ahmad Khan ANP 18433
5 Manzoor Ahmad PPPP 13966
6 Sobadar Khan Ind 1308
7 Begum Tahira Bukhari PML N 1260
* Table 1.2 from The Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
NA-24 Charsadda I
Total population of the constituency is 804194 while the registered voters are 463440 (Geo
news). The male registered voters are 260525 and the female registered voters are 202915 (Geo
News). The turnout recorded in the region was 45.29% (Al Jazeera). In 2018 general elections,
Pakistan Tehrik e Insaf remained the top leading party with vote bank 83495 of NA-24 while
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Awami National Party was the 2nd leading party with vote bank 59483, Mutahida Majlis e Amal
ranked on 3rd position with 38252 votes, PPPP lied on 4th position with 10462 number of votes,
Tehrik e Labaik Pakistan emerged with 5961 votes, Independence got 1632 votes, All Pakistan
Muslim League lied on 2nd last position with 1425 votes while Pakistan Muslim League N
occupied in the last with 1363 votes.
No Candidate Name Party Votes
1 Fazal Muhammad Khan PTI 83495
2 Asfandyar Wali Khan ANP 59483
3 Maulana Muhammad Gohar Shah MMA 38252
4 Aftab Alam PPPP 10462
5 Muhammad Shafiq TLP 5961
6 Farooq Shah Ind 1632
7 Zahoor Ahmad APML 1425
8 Mian Alamgir Shah PML N 1363
* Tables from The Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
PK-56 Charsadda II
Total population of the constituency is 319711 out of which 169630 are registered voters (Geo
News). Male voters count is 95554 while female voters count is 74076 (Geo News). PK-56
seemed to be a site for 13 political parties in which 5 were Independent. In PK-56 again PTI was
the dominant party in 2018 general elections by carrying a popularity of 20310 votes. Mutahida
Majlis e Amal got 20129 votes and occupied 2nd rank, and Qawmi Watan Party lied on 3rd rank
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by getting 17313 votes. Pakistan People Party’s vote bank was 5899 while Awami National
Party got 5607 votes, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th position was taken by Independent parties by getting
2585,1898, 364 and 223 votes respectively. PMLN got 215 votes. Pakistan Justice and
Democratic Party got only 99 votes while Pukhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party lied at the bottom
with 69 votes.
No Candidate Name Party Votes
1 Khalid Khan PTI 20310
2 Gohar Ali MMA 20129
3 Sikandar Hayat Khan QWP 17313
4 Maaz Ullah PPPP 5899
5 Muhammad Yasir Amin ANP 5607
6 Humayun Khattak Ind 2585
7 Fayaz Ali Ind 1898
8 Sobadar Khan Ind 364
9 Manzoor Ahmad Ind 223
10 Sheraz Hassan PML N 215
11 Muhammad Yasin Ind 209
12 Umara Khan PJDP 99
13 Ahmad Shah PMAP 69
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*Tables from the Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
PK-57 Charsadda II
The population of PK-57 is 326610 and the registered voters are 176966 out of which 100518 are
male and 76448 are female (Geo News). The dominant party in PK-57 in 2018 general elections
was Awami National Party with 27024 votes while Qawmi Watan Party was the 2nd most
acceptable party in the region with 21235 vote bank. A Change to the trend in the previous
constituencies PTI lied on 3rd position with 18243 votes while MMA got 7674 votes. PPPP
ranked on 5th position by getting 3140 votes, Independent party gathered 391 votes while PMLN
ranked at the last with 341 votes.
No Candidate Names Party Votes
1 Shakeel Bashir Khan ANP 27024
2 Arshad Khan QWP 21235
3 Aziz Ullah PTI 18243
4 Muhammad Riaz Khan MMA 7674
5 Pir Dilawar Shah PPPP 3140
6 Sohail Khan Ind 391
7 Kaleem Akbar PML N 341
*Tables from The Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
PK-58 Charsadda III
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Total 326149 people live in PK-58 while 178430 are registered voters (Geo News). The male
registered voters are 100738 and female registered voters are 77692 (Geo News). Ten parties
seemed active in PK-58 including three independent. The most voted party was PTI with vote
bank 28915 followed by ANP with 22141 votes. MMA got 14783 votes by securing 3rd rank,
while PPPP got 4345 votes. Independent got 1538, 692 and 368 respectively while PMLN got
the least number of votes that is 142.
No Candidate Names Party Votes
1 Sultan Muhammad Khan PTI 28915
2 Aimal Wali Khan ANP 22141
3 Ihsan Ullah Khan MMA 14783
4 Alam Khan PPPP 4345
5 Abdur Rahman Khan QWP 4252
6 Yousaf Khan Ind 1538
7 Siddiq Ahmad Ind 692
8 Falaz Niaz TLP 380
9 Farooq Shah Ind 368
10 Sumaira Khan PML N 142
* Tables from The Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
PK-59 Charsadda IV
Out of 327041 people only 196838 are registered voters. Male voters were 110762 and female
voters are 86076 (Geo News). About nine political parties were active in PK-59 constituency in
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which PTI was the dominant party with vote bank 30252. ANP lead on 2nd rank with 19792 votes
while MMA got 14693 votes. QWP remained on 4th position by getting 9978 votes. PPPP got
5877 votes and Tehreek e Jafaria is a Shia political party, which is formed in 1979 in resistance
to enforcement of controversial Islamic laws by president Zia ul Haq (RDC, 2014). It got
acceptance of 1141 votes. PMLN has an acceptance of 536 votes. PTI- Nazriati (N) is new
independent political organization, which has separated from Imran Khan due to its preference to
Punjab, thus it is working in KP. PTI-N got 476 votes. APML got 414 votes in PK-59
constituency.
No Candidate Names Party Votes
1 Fazale Shakoor Khan PTI 30252
2 Qasim Ali ANP 19792
3 Abdur Rauf MMA 14693
4 Muhammad Hasham Khan QWP 9978
5 Babar Ali PPPP 5877
6 Naib Khan TJP 1141
7 Taj Khan PML N 536
8 Syed Zafar Ali Shah PTI N 476
9 Muhammad Tahir APML 414
* Tables from The Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
PK-60 Charsadda V
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The total population of PK-60 is 316687 while registered voters are 159152, out of which 93555
are male and 65597 are female voters (Geo News). About 13 political parties seem to be active in
the region in which PTI got the winning position with 20759 vote bank. MMA was the 2nd most
leading party with 13916 votes. ANP ranked at 3rd position by getting 11661 votes. QWP has a
vote bank of 8934 while PPPP has 5262. Four parties were independent which got rank at 8th,
10th, 11th and 13th. APML got 414 votes while PMLN got position at the 2nd last by getting 171
votes.
No Candidate Names Party Votes
1 Muhammad Arif PTI 20759
2 Musamir Shah MMA 13916
3 Mirajud Din ANP 11661
4 Babar Ali Khan QWP 8934
5 Javed Iqbal Khan PPPP 5262
6 Muhammad Shoaib PRHP 2561
7 Irfan Ali TJP 1045
8 Gul Zada Khan Ind 639
9 Rajeed Ullah APML 414
10 Syed Zahid Ali Shah Ind 316
11 Hussain Khan Ind 280
12 Farah Khan PML N 171
13 Hameed Ullah Ind 149
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*Tables from The Gazette of Pakistan, Extra, Oct 2, 2018. 431 (120-122),
https://elections.result.pk , Charsadda candidates election result 2018.
Discussion:
Males predominate in Pukhtun society, thus the male candidates generally gets more vote.
Besides, the strong religious sentiments in local people compel them to vote for religious
political parties like JUI-F. And due to family strong affiliation with the most ancient historic
party of the region i.e. ANP, compel the people to vote blindly.
Though PMLN is not well known in Charsadda, thus its vote bank is too low, however less
support to a women leader also influence PMLN vote bank. Most of the PMLN candidates are
female thus all women candidates got lesser number of votes. Based on regional election results
analysis the male candidates of PMLN received a higher number of votes than the female
candidates of PMLN which highlights the male dominancy and their preference to be elected. It’s
because women political campaign is ineffective and inactive because people are reluctant to
shout in support of women and display her banner in streets and roads.
The 2018 general elections have proved the family affiliation with the ancient party concept gets
rejected in 2018 elections, though MMA and ANP was the second and third most leading party
in Charsadda but the youth awareness and their choice for a change “naya Pakistan” has beaten
up the family head dominancy concept.
The QWP which still have a reasonable acceptance among public managed to get 3rd or 4th
popularity in elections. Other smaller parties of the region like PPPP, APML, PMLN, TLP,
PMAP etc has a little familiarity in Charsadda, however highly depends on the popularity and
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connection of the candidate like credential to neighborhood, family connections and religious
manifestation, make the public compromise on their choice.
The results of the 2018 elections in Charsadda demonstrated the decline of ethnic and religious
parties. The religious parties revived Mutahida Majlis e Amal to increase their vote base but
couldn’t succeed. Rather the sectarian parties like Pakistan Tehreek e Labaik and new Barelvi
party managed to secure vote bank in backward region of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Balochistan
regions, usually poor and conservative sections of the population voted them. In electoral politics,
nationalist and ethnic parties have consistently performed poor. The Pukhtunkhwa Milli Awami
Party and the Awami National Party, which advocated the rights of Pushtun have been eradicated.
First and foremost, the largest groups of PTI voters are young people, which continued to be the
PTI’s most visible, engaged and active voters. Second, the PTI’s agenda, change-oriented vision,
and leadership have become more appealing to the impoverished segments of society that
previously comprised the PPP’S voting bloc. Third, Pakistan’s emerging middle classes-both
rural and urban-have gradually come to distrust the established parties. In summary, new social
forces have emerged and they have realigned themselves with the newly found political power in
the nation, which has led to the PTI’s success.
Conclusion:
In the northwest province of KP, which has always votes out its obligatory party, PTI managed
to hold onto the majority of its seats. Despite having the most seats in KP in 2013, the PTI
achieved a historic victory by holding on them in 2018 general elections. Out of seven
constituencies of Charsadda, PTI got victory in six constituencies except PK- 57 where ANP
candidate Shakeel Bashir Khan defeated PTI. It was truly a clean sweep by PTI because
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Charsadda has a long history of being dominated by nationalist or religious political parties. The
other factors like family head dominancy in political party choice and neighborhood credential
also plays its role however its effects cannot be seen in 2018 general elections. Youth choice
dominated in Charsadda region and the preference and acceptability of PTI was not only seen
educated but also in uneducated youth, because of the daring and charismatic nature of Imran
Khan and his party portfolio for change and awareness among people against corruption by the
hands of nationalist parties. For some reason the inability of previous dominant party to maintain
their position in the region by winning hearts of the natives. The male dominancy in Pukhtun
society concept proved to be valid as female candidates couldn’t secure much votes in the region.
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