Scribd
Upload
5 views

chapter-8

IP Grade 11

Uploaded by

kalpana.m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

chapter-8

IP Grade 11

Uploaded by

kalpana.m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Chapter -08 DBMS CONCEPTS

DATABASE

 A database may be defined as a collection of interrelated data stored together to


serve multiple applications.

PURPOSE OF DBMS

 A database system should be a storehouse of the data needed for an organization’s


dataprocessing.
 Data should be accurate, private, and protected from damage.
 DBMS- ADBMS refers to a software that is responsible for storing, maintaining and
utilizing database.
A database along with a DBMS is referred to as a database system.
 Data Redundancy- Duplication of data is known as Data Redundancy.

RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL

 In this, the data is organized into tables (i.e , rows and columns).
 These tables are called relations.
 A row in a table represents a relationship among a set of values.
 Eg oracle database, Microsoft SQL Serve, MYSQL, IBM DB2, IBM Informix, etc
 Eg of DBMS tools for moble- SQL Anywhere, DB2 Everywhere etc.

RELATIONAL MODEL TERMINOLOGY

 Relation – A relation is a table i.e data arranged in rows and columns


 Domain – A domain is a pool of values from which the actual values appearing in a
given column are drawn.

 Tuple- The rows of tables (relations) are generally referred to as Tuples.


 Attributes- The columns of tables (relations) are generally referred to as attributes.
 Degree- The number of attributes in a relation determine the degree of a relation.

 Cardinality – The number of tuples(rows) in a relation is called the cardinality of the


relation.
 Views- A View is a (virtual ) table that does not really exist in its own right but is
instead derived from one or more underlying base table(s).
 Primary Key – Is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples
within the relation.
 Candidate Keys-All attribute combinations inside a relation that can serve as
primary key are Candidate Keys as they are candidates for the primary key position.
 Alternate Key- A candidate key that is not the primary key is called an Alternate Key.
 Foreign Key - A non-key attribute, whose values are derived from the primary key of
some other table, is known as Foreign-Key in its current table.
 Referential integrity – Is a system of rules that a DBMS uses to ensure that
relationships between records in related tables are valid, and that users don’t
accidentally delete or change related data.

Brief History of MySQL.


 MySQL was created and is supported by MySQL AB, a company based in
Sweden(www.mysql.com).
 This company is now a subsidiary of Sun Microsystems, which holds the
copyright to most of the codebase.
 The chief inventor of MySQL was Michael Widenius(a.k.a. Monty)

MySQL Database System

 The Key role of a database management system is information management.


 A database server is the key to solving the problems of information management.
 MySQL operates using client /server architecture in which the server runs on the
machine containing the databases and clients connect to the server over a
network.
 The server(MySQL server) listens for client requests coming in over the network
and accesses database contents according to those requests and provides that
to the clients.
 Clients are programs that connect to the database server and issue queries in a
pre-specified format.
 Key features are speed, Ease of use, Cost, Query Language Support, MySQL,
Portability, Data Types, Security, Scalability and Limits, Connectivity,
Localization, Clients and Tools.

MySQL and SQL

 In order to access data within the MySQL database, all programs and users must
use, SQL.
 SQL is the set of commands that is recognised by nearly all RDBMSs.
 Usage of SQL has become a standard for most of RDBMSs.
 There are numerous version of SQL. The original version was developed at IBM’s
San Jose Research Laboratory(now the Almandan Research Centre).
 This language, originally called Sequel.

Processing Capabilities of SQL

 Data Definition Language(DDL)


 Interactive Data Manipulation Language(DML)
 Embedded Data Manipulation Language
 View Definition
 Authorization
 Integrity
 Transaction Control

Classification of SQL Statements

 SQL, technically speaking, is a data sublanguage. That is, it is a language used


to interact with databse.
 In other words, all SQL statements are instructions to the database only.

SQL commands can be divided into following categories

 Data Definition Language(DDL) Commands


 Data Manipulation Language(DML) Commands
 Transaction Control Language (TCL) Commands eg COMMIT, ROLLBACK,
SAVEPOINT, SET TRANSACTION
 Session Control Commands
 System Control Commands

You might also like