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 OXFORD LIBRARY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Editor-in-Chief peter e. nathan

The Oxford Handbook

of the History
of Psychology
Global Perspectives

Edited by
David B. Baker

1
1
Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s
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Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Oxford University Press

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The Oxford handbook of the history of psychology : global perspectives / edited by

David B. Baker.
p. cm. — (Oxford library of psychology)
ISBN 978-0-19-536655-6
1. Psychology—History. 2. Ethnopsychology—History. I. Baker, David B.
BF81.O94 2012
150.9—dc22 2011016014

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

SHORT CONTENTS

Oxford Library of Psychology vii

About the Editor ix

Contributors xi

Contents xv

Chapters 1–624

Index 625

v
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OX F O R D L I B R A R Y O F P S YC H O L O G Y

The Oxford Library of Psychology, a landmark series of handbooks, is published by

Oxford University Press, one of the world’s oldest and most highly respected pub-
lishers, with a tradition of publishing significant books in psychology. The ambi-
tious goal of the Oxford Library of Psychology is nothing less than to span a vibrant,
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Encompassing a comprehensive set of handbooks, organized hierarchically, the
Library incorporates volumes at different levels, each designed to meet a distinct
need. At one level are a set of handbooks designed broadly to survey the major
subfields of psychology; at another are numerous handbooks that cover important
current focal research and scholarly areas of psychology in depth and detail.
Planned as a reflection of the dynamism of psychology, the Library will grow and
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also includes a large number of handbooks designed to explore in depth more
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are established scholars in the areas about which they write. Many of the nation’s
and world’s most productive and best-respected psychologists have agreed to edit
Library handbooks or write authoritative chapters in their areas of expertise.
vii
 For whom has the Oxford Library of Psychology been written? Because of its
breadth, depth, and accessibility, the Library serves a diverse audience, including
graduate students in psychology and their faculty mentors, scholars, researchers,
and practitioners in psychology and related fields. Each will find in the Library the
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Befitting its commitment to accessibility, each handbook includes a compre-
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500-year tradition of Oxford University Press for excellence, innovation, and
quality, as exemplified by the Oxford Library of Psychology.

Peter E. Nathan
Editor-in-Chief
Oxford Library of Psychology

viii oxford libr ary of psychology

A B O U T T H E E D I TO R

David B. Baker
David B. Baker, Ph.D., is the Margaret Clark Morgan Executive Director of the
Center for the History of Psychology and Professor of Psychology at the University
of Akron. As a researcher and scholar he has authored, co-authored, or edited
more than 60 publications, including four books. Dr. Baker is a fellow of
the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological
Science.

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 CO N T R I B U TO R S

Ramadan A. Ahmed Guido Cimino

Department of Psychology Department of Social and
College of Social Sciences Developmental Psychology
Kuwait University University of Rome “La Sapienza”
Kuwait City, Kuwait Rome, Italy
Rubén Ardila Alan Collins
Department of Psychology Department of Psychology
National University of Colombia Lancaster University
Bogota, Colombia Lancaster, United Kingdom
David B. Baker Miriam Dembo
Center for the History Instituto de Psicología
of Psychology Universidad Central de Venezuela
University of Akron Caracas, Venezuela
Akron, Ohio Renato Foschi
Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. Department of Dynamic and
Department of Psychology Clinical Psychology
Texas A&M University University of Rome “La Sapienza”
College Station, Texas Rome, Italy
Joan Black Rosemary Frey
Department of Liberal Studies School of Nursing
University of Technology, University of Auckland
Jamaica Auckland, New Zealand
Kingston, Jamaica Gustavo Gauer
Adrian C. Brock Department of Developmental and
School of Psychology Personality Psychology
University College Dublin School of Psychology
Dublin, Ireland Federal University of Rio Grande
Roderick D. Buchanan do Sul, Brazil
History and Philosophy of Science William Barbosa Gomes
Department Department of Developmental and
University of Melbourne Personality Psychology
Melbourne, Australia School of Psychology
Helio Carpintero Federal University of Rio Grande
Department of Psychology and do Sul, Brazil
Social Sciences C. James Goodwin
Madrid Open University Department of Psychology
Madrid, Spain Western Carolina University
Cullowhee, North Carolina

xi
Benyu Guo Dannette Marie
College of Education Science School of Psychology
Nanjing Normal University University of Aberdeen
Nanjing, China Aberdeen, Scotland
Aydan Gülerce United Kingdom; and
Educational Sciences Department Department of Psychology
Boğaziçi University University of Otago
Istanbul, Turkey Dunedin, New Zealand
Horst U. K. Gundlach Françoise Parot
Heidelberg, Germany CESAMES/CERMES3, UMR 8211
Brian D. Haig Université Paris Descartes
Department of Psychology Paris, France
University of Canterbury Rogelia Pe-Pua
Christchurch, New Zealand School of Social Sciences and
Jiří Hoskovec International Studies
Department of Psychology The University of New South
Charles University Wales
Prague, Czech Republic Sydney, Australia
Yeh Hsueh Pia-Anna Perfecto-Ramos
Educational Psychology and Research Department of Psychology
College of Education Ateneo de Manila University
University of Memphis Quezon City, Philippines
Memphis, Tennessee Petteri Pietikainen
Claudio Simon Hutz Faculty of Humanities
Department of Developmental and History of Science and Ideas
Personality Psychology University of Oulu
School of Psychology Oulu, Finland
Federal University of Rio Grande Ligia M. Sánchez
do Sul, Brazil Instituto de Psicología
Abdel-Sattar Ibrahim Universidad Central de Venezuela
Egyptian Global Association for Caracas, Venezuela
Psychological Consultation Irina Sirotkina
October City & Mohandseen Institute for History of Science
Giza, Egypt and Technology
Brigitte Khoury Russian Academy of Sciences
Department of Psychiatry Moscow, Russia
American University of Roger Smith
Beirut Medical Center Institute of Psychology
Beirut, Lebanon Russian Academy of Sciences
Narasappa Kumaraswamy Moscow, Russia; and
School of Medicine Department of History
University Malaysia Sabah Lancaster University
Sabah, Malaysia Lancaster, United Kingdom
Johann Louw Chandraseagran Suppiah
Department of Psychology Centre for Foundation Studies
University of Cape Town Quest International University Perak
Cape Town, South Africa Perak, Malaysia

xii contributors
Sarah Tabbarah Sombat Tapanya
Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry
American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine
Medical Center Chiang Mai University
Beirut, Lebanon Chiang Mai, Thailand
Miki Takasuna Nicholas J. Wade
School of Human and Social Sciences School of Psychology
Tokyo International University University of Dundee
Kawagoe, Japan Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

contributors xiii
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CONTENTS

1. The Internationalization of Psychology: A History 1

Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. and David B. Baker
2. Australia 18
Roderick D. Buchanan
3. Brazil 34
Claudio Simon Hutz, Gustavo Gauer, and William Barbosa Gomes
4. Brunei Darussalam 51
Narasappa Kumaraswamy and Chandraseagran Suppiah
5. The Caribbean 59
Rosemary Frey and Joan Black
6. China 81
Yeh Hsueh and Benyu Guo
7. Colombia 125
Rubén Ardila
8. Czech Republic 138
Jiří Hoskovec
9. Egypt 162
Ramadan A. Ahmed
10. England 182
Alan Collins
11. Finland 211
Petteri Pietikainen
12. France 228
Françoise Parot
13. Germany 255
Horst U. K. Gundlach
14. Ireland 289
Adrian C. Brock
15. Italy 307
Guido Cimino and Renato Foschi
16. Japan 347
Miki Takasuna
17. Lebanon 366
Brigitte Khoury and Sarah Tabbarah
18. New Zealand 377
Brian D. Haig and Dannette Marie

xv