Unit Two

Past simple :- ‫الماضــــــــي البسيـــط‬

‫_ اوحسب قاعده يستخدم للتعبير عن شي حدث في الزمن الماضي الفعل في الزمن الماضي يكون‬-
) ‫تصريف االفعال للزمن الماضي‬ed ‫)منتهي ب‬

Affirmative :- ‫صيغـــــــــــــه المثبــــــــــــت‬

Subject + past simple + complete the sentence .

( ago ,yesterday , last ) ‫ظروف الزمان مع الماضي‬

Examples : ‫أ مثــــــــــله‬

1- I played football yesterday .

2- I played tennis last week .
3- He watched TV last night .

Negative ( not - n’t ) :- ‫صيغـــــــــه النفي‬

did ‫في حاله النفي نحتاج الى فعل مساعد‬

Subj . + didn’t + ‫ فعل مجرد‬+ complete sentence.

He didn’t play football yesterday .

Question : ‫الســـؤال‬

. ‫لالستفهام به‬ ‫اما في حاله السؤال فسوف يستخدم الفعل المساعد‬

Did + subj + ‫ فعل مجرد‬+ complete sentence

-Did he play football yesterday ?

Yes , he did .

No , he didn’t .

- Did you go London last year ?

- Yes , I did .
- No , I didn’t .
…………………………………………………………
 Verb to be ‫أفعال الكينونه‬
Be →am , is ….past …was → he , she , it .
→are ….. past ....were → I , you , we , they .
…………………………………………………………….

2- The past continuous ‫الماضي المستمر‬

Subj . + was , were + v. ing + complete sentence

‫يدل زمن الماضي المستمر على استمراريه الحدث في وقت معين حدث في الماضي‬

When , while → ‫ظروف الزمان لماضي المستمر‬

Ex :- He was staying in Iraq .

They were playing football

Negative : ‫النفي‬

.Weren’t ….wasn't ‫ الى الفعل المساعد‬not‫عند النفي نضع‬

1-He wasn’t staying in Iraq . 2- They weren’t playing football .

Question : ‫نقدم الفعل المساعد بدايه الجمله ونضع عالمه االستفهام‬

1- Was he staying in Iraq ?

Questions : ‫اســـــــــــــــئله‬
1- My friend and I ( read )to the exam . ( past )
2- Yesterday I was ( watch ) Tv . when rang me .
3- He ( sleeping – was sleeping ) when the mobile rang .

………………………………………………………..
 3- Present Simple ‫مضارع بسيط‬

We use this tense to express facts , recurring events ,or repeated actions

. ‫نستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن الحقائق او احداث متكررره او افعال متكرره‬

1- Affirmative :
‫ الفاعل جمع‬I , they ,we , you + base V. + complete the sentence
‫ الفاعل مفرد‬she , he , it + ( V+ S ) + Comp.

Ex : She goes to school every day .

Ex: I wake up at 7:00 o’clock .
Ex: We usually wear Jacket .
Ex: He always eats chocolate .
Ex : It sometimes rains in spring .
2- Negative : ‫ النفي‬not = n’t
We use the auxiliary verb do and does with simple present .
‫ ضمير الفاعل جمع‬S . + do +not + base V. + comp .
‫ ضمير الفاعل ا لمفرد‬S .+ does +not + does + base verb + comp .
1- Examples :- They don’t eat a sandwich .
2- He doesn’t go to the library .
3- She doesn’t buy a dress .
4- Question ? ‫االستفهام او السؤال‬
‫نقدم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل في حاله السؤال ؟‬
Do + S. + base V. +comp .
Does + S . + base v . + comp.
ex :- Do you like eat chocolate ?

Yes , I do . No , I don’t

ex :- Does she go to the cinema ?

Yes , she does . No , she doesn’t

4-‘’Present perfect tense ‘’ ‫زمن المضارع التام‬

Subj + has / have + p.p " ‫" تصريف الثالث‬

Has …… he , she , it ** Have …..they , we , you

 Ex : I have washed the car .

Negative ….. ‫النفي‬ Hasn’t , haven’t

- I haven’t washed the car .

Questions …… ‫السؤال‬
-Have you washed the car ?
Questions : ‫اسئــــــــــــــــله‬
1- Have you ever ( seen , saw ) a bird ?
2- Reem ( buys ) a new dress this week ? ( present perfect )

3- She has ( went – gone ) to the zoo .

4- He has travelled to Turkey .( Negative )

Giving Advice should ‫ يجب‬/ shouldn’t ‫اليجب‬

-: ‫تستخدم العطاء نصيحه لشخص ما‬

S. + Should / shouldn’t + base V. + comp.

Don’t / Never shouldn’t ‫تدل على النفي عند رؤيتها في الجمله نضع‬

1- Don’t let children play with fire . { give advice }

- You shouldn’t play with fire .

2- Never cycle on the wrong side for the road . { giving advice }

- You shouldn’t cycle on the wrong side for the road .

3- eat health food .{ giving advice }

- You should eat healthy food .

4- wear a thick sweater .{ giving advice }

- You should wear a thick sweater .

5- How Often ? ‫معناها عدد المرات او كم مره‬
-: ‫لالجابه نستخدم التالي‬
1- Once ‫لمره واحده‬
2- Twice ‫مرتان‬
3- three times ‫ثالث مرات‬
4- four times ‫اربع مرات‬
5- every day ‫كل يوم‬
1- Howoften do you go to the mall ?
- I go twice to the mall .

2-How often do you play football ?

- I play football three times .

3- Howoften do you eat chocolate ?

- I eat chocolate every day .

………………………………………………………………………

Want ‫يريد‬/ / wants ‫يريد‬

‫ عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد نختار‬wants
want ‫عندما يكون الفاعل جمع نختار‬

{ S. + want / wants + you , me ,us + comp. }

1-My friend wants ........... to help him in the garden . { me ,you ,I }

2- Our teacher ..........to work harder.{wants us / want us }

3-The doctor ............you to see him tomorrow . {wants/want}

………………………………………………………………………
8- Countable and Un countable nouns :-
‫االسماء المعدوده واالسماء الغير معدوده‬

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Pen , sweet , man , egg . Cheese , salt , meat ,sugar , bread
chocolate bar . biscuit , fruit .

tea ‫ اليعد‬/ cup of tea ‫يعد‬ / water ‫ اليعد‬/ bottle of water ‫يعد‬

-TOO many :- ‫ياتي بعدها اسم معدود عدد كبير‬

-A Few :- ‫عدد قليل‬ ‫ياتي بعدها اسم معدود‬

- A little :- ‫كميه قليله‬ ‫ياتي بعدها اسم غير معدود‬

-Too much :- ‫ياتي بعدها اسم غير معدود كميه كبيره‬

1- A --------- sugar is all right for your health { a little , a few }

1- There are { many , much } fruit on the table .

 The Adverbs Of Manner ‫ظـروف الـحال‬
. ‫ ( الى نهايه الكلمه لتصبح ظرف‬ly ) ‫نضع‬

) ( ‫) نضيف‬ ( ‫*الصفه المنتهيه ب ( ) تقلب الى‬

Noisy ….noisily *** angry …. Angrily *** happy … happily

. ‫) فقط‬ ( ‫*هناك صفات يضاف لها‬

Sad … sadly *** bad …badly *** beautiful …beautifully ***nice..nicely

) ( ‫*هناك صفات شاذه اي اليضاف لها‬

Good – better *** fast – fast

******************************************************************

Notes : ‫مالحظات‬

/t/ ( p, k , sh , ch , f , s ) /‫ت‬/ ‫صوت (ت) واذا كان قبله هذه الحروف يلفظ‬

Wash – washed **** cook – cooked

/id/ ( D ) OR ( T ) ‫ اذا سبقها حرف‬/‫اد‬/ ‫صوت‬

Visit –visited *** end –ended ** paint – painted *** water –watered

/d/ 2‫و‬1 ‫ اذا سبقها حروف العله او بقيه الحروف الصحيحه ماعدا حروف في رقم‬/‫د‬/ ‫يلفظ الصوت‬

Cry – cried ** play –played ** live –lived ** study – studied

 Huda put the glass down carefully Because she did not want to break it
Faisal did the test easily and got good marks .
 Amal sang quietly because the baby was sleeping .
 Father shouted angrily When he saw the broken window .
 very , very for emphasis ‫للتأكيد‬
. ‫ جدا وتستخدم للتاكيد او التشديد على شي ما وياتي بعدها صفه‬,‫ وتعني جدا‬very ,very
-: ‫وقاعدتها‬

S . + am,is,are + very,very +adj.+comp.

Example:-
1- I’m very ,very tired .
2- she is very , very tall .
3- Ahmed is very , very clever .
-: ‫طريقه سؤال االمتحان‬
1- Ali is angry . { use : very ,very }
- Ali is very , very angry .
2- Sally is very lazy . [ emphasis ]
- Sally is very , very lazy .
3- These guys are hardworking . [ emphasis with very ]
- These guys are very , very hardworking .
 Write a letters ‫خطوات الرساله طريقه تعلم كتابه‬
. ‫نكتب عنوان المرسل في الجهه اليمنى العليا من الرساله‬-1
. ‫نكتب كلمه التحيه في بدايه الرساله اسم المرسل اليه‬-2
. ‫نكتب كلمه الوداع نهايه الرساله‬-3
-: ‫ تقسم الرساله الى فقرات‬-4
‫المقدمه‬-1
‫موضوع الرساله‬-2
. ‫ طلب المبادله في الرساله‬-3

Q / Write a letter to your sick friend :

From : Ali 154,22,4

To : Ahmed karrada ,
Baghdad.
22 Nov 2022

Dear Ahmed ,

I ‘m very , very sorry to hear that you are sick . I have just
remembered what happened in the school last week , while we were studying
together in the school garden yesterday morning . Then you told me a joke a bout
the elephant and ant . It was a wonderful moment . I wish to get better soon .

Best wishes ,
Ali .
Story Time
Camping at Stonehenge
1- Where are the boys ?
- At Stonehenge
2- Which new characters are introduced ?
- Paolo from Italy , Marcus from USA and Aziz from Algeria .
3- What happened to Jad ?
- Johhny took aphoto of him while he was a sleep .
4- Why was Stonehenge built ?
-It was for astronomy . { To study the sky }
5- Some people think Stonehenge wasn’t built by humans . Who do
they think built it ?
- They thought it was built by Giants , or by Magic or by aliens
.
6- What makes Stonehenge surprising ?
- people built it thought the stones are so big abd heavy .
7-How does Stonehenge make Johnny feel ?
- I t made him afraid .
8- Why is the group camping at Stonehenge ?
- To see the sunrise in the morning .
9- Why were Johnny and Aziz afraid of a sheep ?
-Because they thought it was an alien or a giant .