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Investegatory project Physics - Aditya

The project focuses on investigating the resistance and resistivity of different metal wires using Ohm's Law. It includes acknowledgments, a certificate of completion, and detailed sections on the aim, introduction, apparatus, procedure, observations, calculations, results, precautions, and bibliography. The findings reveal the resistivity values for iron, aluminum, manganin, and copper wires.

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parin.bhargava
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4 views

Investegatory project Physics - Aditya

The project focuses on investigating the resistance and resistivity of different metal wires using Ohm's Law. It includes acknowledgments, a certificate of completion, and detailed sections on the aim, introduction, apparatus, procedure, observations, calculations, results, precautions, and bibliography. The findings reveal the resistivity values for iron, aluminum, manganin, and copper wires.

Uploaded by

parin.bhargava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

PROJECT

2025-2026

Student Name:

Class: Division: Roll no:

Subject:

Project Name:
Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of


gratitude to my teacher , who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project for the subject , on
the topic .

I am also thankful to our principal for


supporting me. I came to know about so much
things.

I would also like to thank my parents who were


very supportive during this process. Thank you.

Yours faithfully
Certificate

This is to certify that


of class of Aditya English Medium
School has successfully completed the project
under the guidance of
during the academic year 2025-
2026.

Principal sign External sign Teacher sign

INDEX
1. Topic name
2. Aim
3. Introduction
4. Apparatus required
5. Procedure
6. Observation
7. Calculation
8. Result
9. Precautions
10. Bibliography
TOPIC
To learn about Resistance and the Ohm’s Law

5|Page
AIM
To find resistivity of wires of different metal
using Ohm’s law

6|Page
Introduction
Ohm’s law states that the current through a
conductor between two points is proportional to
the potential difference across the two points.
Introducing the constant proportionality, the
resistance, one arrives at the usual mathematical
equation that describes this relationship.

I=V/R

where I is the current through the conductor in


units of amperes, V is the voltage measured
across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the
resistance of the conductor in units of ohms.

More specifically, Ohm’s law states that the R in


this relation is constant, independent of the
current.

Ohm’s law is an empirical relation which


accurately describes the conductivity of the vast
majority of electrically conductive materials over
many orders of magnitude of current.

7|Page
However, some materials do not obey Ohm’s law,
these are called non-ohmic materials.

RESISTANCE
Electrical resistance of an object is a measure of
its opposition to the flow of electric current. The
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, and
is the ease with which an electric current passes.

Electrical resistance shares some conceptual


parallels with the notion of mechanical friction.

The SI unit of electrical resistance is the


ohm(Ω), while electrical conductance is
measured in siemens.

RESISTIVITY
Electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical
resistance or volume resistivity) is a fundamental
property of a material that quantifies how
strongly it resists or conducts electric current.

8|Page
A low resistivity indicates a material that readily
allows electric current.

Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek


letter ρ (rho).

The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the


ohm-meter (Ω·m)

9|Page
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1.4 Wires of different metals with
respective length
2.A battery eliminator
3.D.C Voltmeter
4.A.C Ammeter
5.A rheostat
6.One plug key
7.Thick connecting wires
8.Sand paper

10 | P a g e
PROCEDURE
1.Arrange the various components of the
circuit accordingly with a plug out of
one−way key
2.Rub the ends of connecting wire with a
sand paper
3.Ensure the ammeter connected in a
series with the resistance wire with its
positive terminal towards the positive of
battery. Also ensure the voltmeter
connected in parallel to resistance coil R
in such a manner that the current enters
at its positive end.
4.Connect the rheostat such that its lower
terminals and the upper terminals are
used.
5.Insert the plug−in key K.
6.Adjust the rheostat so that small current
flows though the circuit. And record the
readings of ammeter and voltmeter
7.Shift the rheostat contact to shift the

11 | P a g e
current and take the readings again.
8.Cut the resistance wire at the ends just
coming out of voltmeter. Stretch it along
the meter and measure its length
9.Observations recorded.

12 | P a g e
OBSERVATION TABLES
IRON WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.20v 1.3 Ω
200mA 0.25v 1.001 Ω
300ma 0.30v 1.0 Ω

ALUMINUM WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
200mA 0.10v 0.5 Ω`
300mA 0.20v 0.66 Ω
400mA 0.30v 0.75 Ω

MANGANIN WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.20v 1.3 Ω
200mA 0.30v 105 Ω
300mA 0.40v 1.3 Ω

COPPER WIRE
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.10v 0.5 Ω
200mA 0.20v 0.54 Ω
13 | P a g e
300mA 0.30v 0.6 Ω
CALCULATIONS
FOR IRON WIRE
Length of wire = 21cm
Thickness= o.54 x1o^2m
Area=o.28 x 1o^-6 m2
Mean resistance=(o.5+o.66+o.75)
3
=1.1Ω
Resistivity =RA/L
=10.5*10^8Ωm

FOR ALUMINUM WIRE


Length of wire = 68 cm
Thickness = o.66 x 1o^-2 m
Area = o.28 x 1o^-6 m2
Mean resistance = (o.5+o.66+o.75)
3
= o.63Ω
Resistivity = RA/L =2.7 x 1o^-8 Ω
14 | P a g e
FOR MANGANIN WIRE
Length of wire =57 cm
Thickness=o.66 x 1o^-2 m
Area=o.19 x 1o^-6 m2
Mean resistance= (1.3+1.5+1.3)
3
= 1.36 Ω
Resistivity = RA/L
= 48.2 x 10^-8 Ω

FOR COPPER WIRE


Length of wire = 48 cm
Thickness= o.49x 1o^-2 m
Area= o.28 x 1o^-6 m2
Mean resistance = (o.5+o.54+o.6o)
3
= o.54 Ω

Resistivity = RA/L =1.7 x 10^-8 Ωm

15 | P a g e
RESULT
The resistivity of wires is:

1. For iron = 10.5 x 10^-8Ωm


2. For aluminum = 2.7 x 10^-8Ωm
3. For manganin = 4.82 x 10^-8 Ωm
4. For copper = 1.7 x 106-8 Ωm

NOTE: the graph between potential drop and the


current through the conductor is a straight line.

16 | P a g e
PRECAUTIONS
 Connection should be tight
 Short circuiting should be avoided
 The plug should be inserted only while taking
observation otherwise current will cause
unnecessary heating in the circuit

17 | P a g e
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://google.co.in
 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://quoro.in
 NCERT CLASS 12
 Lab manual physics 12th

18 | P a g e

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