1.

Locus of a point which moves such that the difference of its distances from two fix points is
constant.
PF1  PF2  2a , (F1F2  2a) L1 y L
m
M' p (x, y)
Let b2  a2 (e 2  1)

x2 y2
 1 e1 S' A ' z' C Z A s (a e, 0)
a2 b2 (ae,0) (a,0)
(a, 0)

(i) Vertices : - The point where the curve cuts L' 1

the transverse axis :
(ii) Line joining the foci is called focal axis/transverse axis.
(iii) Centre is mid-point of foci (0, 0)
(iv) Length of transverse axis is 2a.
(v) The line passing through centre of  r to transverse axis is called conjugate axis.
(vi) Length of conjugate axis is 2b.
a
(vii) Equation of directories are x  
e

(viii) The chord which is  r to transverse axis & called double ordinate.
(ix) The double ordinate which passes through focus is L.R.
2b2
Length of L.R. =
a
b  2 
Extremities of L.R. =  ae , 
 a 

(x) Any chord which passes through centre of hyperbola is called diameter.
2. Conjugate hyperbola :
Corresponding to every hyperbola there exist a hyperbola such that, the conjugate axis and
transverse axis of 1 is equal to conjugate axis of other are same to other such hyperbolas are
known as conjugate to each other.
e 12  e 22  1
x2 y2
 1 b2  a 2 (e12  1) ……..(1)
a2 b2
x2 y2
  1 a 2  b2 (e 22  1) ……..(2)
a 2 b2
Statement : The quadrilateral F1F2 F3F4 is a square, diagonals are equal, 1r, bisect each other so it is
a square.
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3. Rectangular/equilateral hyperbola :
The hyperbola for which a = b & e  2 .
4. Auxiliary circle :
x2 y2
For hyperbola   1 the equation of auxiliary circle is x 2  y 2  a 2 . Any point on the
a2 b2
hyperbola is assumed as (a sec , b tan ) where  is accentric angle. 0    2

(a cos , b sin ) (a sec , b tan )

 

 
 
(a,0) (a,0) (a sec ,0)

 varies from cl( a cos , a sin  ) P( a sec , b tan  )

0 to /2 I I

/2 to  II III

 to 3/2 III II

3/2 to 2 IV IV

5. Position of a point w.r.t. hyperbola :

x2 y2 x 12 y 12
If the point ( x 1 , y1 ) lies outside, inside to the hyperbola   1  0 then   1 is
a2 b2 a2 b2
()ve, ()ve.

6. Line and hyperbola :

y  mx  c

x2 y2
 1
a2 b2

x 2 (mx  c)2
 1
a2 b2

(i) If the line is chord then D > 0

(ii) If the line is neither chord nor tangent D < 0

(iii) If the line is tangent then D = 0 then c   am 2  b2 y  mx  a 2 m 2  b2

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7. Directors circle :
x 2  y 2  (a 2  b 2 )
For the existence of real circle a > b  2a > 2b
Statement :
x     y      
Equation of chord joining 2 points P() & Q() is given by cos    sin    cos  
a  2  b  2   2 
ad  
If the chord posses through (d, 0) then  tan . tan
ad 2 2
8. Equation of tangent :
(1) Cartician form :
xx 2 yy1
 2 1
a2 b
x sec  y tan 
(2) Parametric Form :  1
a b
Statement : Point of intersection of the tangents of the points P() & Q() is
  
a cos   b sin  
x1   2  y1   2 
 
cos   cos  
 2   2 
9. Equation of Normal :
(1) Cartician form :
a2 x b2 y
  a2  b2  a2e2
x1 y1
(2) Parametric form : ax cos   by cot   a2 e 2
10. Some common result :
(1) Pair of tangent SS 1  t 2
(2) Chord of contact T = 0
x2 y2
(3) Equation of the chord of the hyperbola   1 whose mid pt is (x1 , y1 ) T  S 1
a2 b2
(4) Pole and Polar T = 0
b2
11. (1) Diameter y =
a2m
b2
(2) Conjugate Diameter : y  mx, y  m1x be conjugate diameters mm 1 
a2
12. Asymptotes :
(1) The line which seems to be tangent to the curve at infinite.
ax 2  bx  c  0 if both roots →  then a = b = 0
x2 y2
y = mx + c → asymptote for hyperbola  1
a2 b2
x y x y
 0 &  0
a b a b
x2 y2
(2) pair of asymptote  0
a2 b2
x2 y2
Hyperbola :  1
a2 b2
x2 y2
Conjugate hyperbola   1
a 2 b2
Hyperbola + conjugate hyperbola = 2 (Asymptotes)
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13. Rectangular Hyperbola
The rectangular hyperbola xy  c 2
 When the centre of any rect. hyperbola at origin & its asymptotes coinsides with the co-
ordinates axes. xy  c 2
F1 ( 2c, 2c)


(1) Centre = (0, 0) yx
(2) Asymptotes = x-axis & y-axis transverse axis y  (c, c)
= x. Conjugate axis y = -x 45 0

(3) Vertices = (c, c) and (-c, -c) 45 0

(c,c)  dirctrix y  x  2 2
(4) Eccentericles (e) = 2
 y  x
(5) a  2c
F2 ( 2c, 2c)
(6) L. R.  2 2c
(7) Directrix : y  x   2c
Prop : 1
The equation of the asymptotes and the conjugate hyperbola of the rectangular hyperbola xy  c 2
where axes are asymptotes are xy  0 and xy  c 2
Prop : 2
c
Parametric from  ct 1 
 t
Prop : 3
Equation of the chord joining t 1 & t 2 is x  yt1t 2  c(t 1  t 2 )  0
Prop : 4
Equation of tangent ( x1y1 ) is xy 1  yx1  2c2 , T  0
Prop : 5
x
Equation tangent at t  yt  2 c
t
Prop : 6
 2 ct t 2c 
Point of intersection of tangent at t 1 & t 2 is  1 2 , 

 t1  t2 t1  t2 
Prop : 7
Equation of normal at (x1 y 1 ) is xx 1  yy1  x12  y 12
Prop : 8
Equation of normal t is xt 3  yt  ct 4  c  0
Prop : 9
 c{ t 1t 2 ( t 12  t 1t 2  t 22 )  1} c{ t 13 t 32  ( t 12  t 1t 2  t 22 )} 
Pt. of intersection normal at t 1 & t 2  , 
 t 1t 2 ( t 1  t 2 ) t 1t 2 (t 1  t 2 ) 
14. Sub tangent and Sub normal
a2
(1) LST  CN  CT  x 
x1
b2
(2) LSN  2
x 1  ( e 2  1 )x 1
a
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15. Co-normal points
(1) In general four normal can be drawn to a hyperbola from any pt and if  ,,  ,  are

x2 y2
eccentric angle of these four pts then        is an odd multiple or .  1
a2 b2

x2 y2
(2) If , ,  are eccentric angle of three pt son the hyperbola   1 the normal at which
a2 b2
are concurrent then sin(  )  sin(  )  sin(  )  0

16. Properties of Hyperbola :

(1) If the normal at P meet the transverse axis in G then SG = e SP, Prove also that that tangent
and normal bisect the angle between the focal distance of P.
(2) Reflection property of a hyperbola

IncidentRay
Pr op. of 
Re fletion Ray
p

Normal
Tangent
S' s N

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