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impulse and momentum

The document explains linear momentum as the product of mass and velocity, emphasizing that greater momentum makes objects harder to stop and increases their impact on others. It introduces the law of conservation of momentum, stating that in the absence of external forces, the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. Additionally, it discusses impulse as the change in momentum due to a force over time, and differentiates between elastic and inelastic collisions based on the conservation of kinetic energy.

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4 views14 pages

impulse and momentum

The document explains linear momentum as the product of mass and velocity, emphasizing that greater momentum makes objects harder to stop and increases their impact on others. It introduces the law of conservation of momentum, stating that in the absence of external forces, the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. Additionally, it discusses impulse as the change in momentum due to a force over time, and differentiates between elastic and inelastic collisions based on the conservation of kinetic energy.

Uploaded by

vainsleyf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear
momentum,
collisions and
impulse
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Linear Momentum (momentum)

• Momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity

𝑝ҧ = 𝑚𝑣ҧ
Where:
𝑝ҧ represents momentum
𝑚 mass of the object
𝑣ҧ velocity of the object
The idea:

The more momentum an object has, the harder it is to stop it, and the greater effect it will have on another object

Examples:
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The idea:

The more momentum an object has, the harder it is to stop it, and
the greater effect it will have on another object

Examples:

• a fast-moving car has more momentum than a slow-moving car


of the same mass
• a heavy truck has more momentum than a small car moving
with the same speed.
• A heavy, fast-moving truck can do more damage than a slow-
moving motorcycle.
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A force is required to change the momentum of an object, whether


to increase the momentum, to decrease it, or to change its
direction.

Newtons second law in terms of momentum

The rate of change of momentum of an object is equal


to the net force applied to it
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Proving that the rate of change of momentum is the same as the


second law of motion:
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Conservation of Momentum
For as long as no external forces acts on two bodies colliding (two
bodies isolated from the surroundings), the momentum is
conserved.
(Note only the momentum/Force of each body is acting)

Law of Conservation of Momentum


The total momentum of an isolated system of objects remains
constant.
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Collisions and Impulse


Impulse

• The change in momentum of an object caused by a force acting


on it over a period of time.
• Impulse is a vector quantity
Δ𝑝ҧ
ത
𝐹=
∆𝑡
ത = Δ𝑝ҧ
𝐹Δ𝑡
• Where:
ത is the impulse by definition
𝐹Δ𝑡
ത = Δ𝑝ҧ = m 𝑣2 − 𝑣1
𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = 𝐹Δ𝑡
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Elastic and inelastic collisions


Elastic Collision
• Kinetic energy just after two bodies collided is the
same, it is conserved. Thus;

Inelastic Collision
• Collisions in which kinetic energy is not conserved
• Some of the kinetic energy is converted to other
forms of energy such as heat

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