BINARY SUBTRACTOR

SYED HASAN SAEED

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

1
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 BINARY SUBTRACTOR

REFERENCE BOOKS

 Digital Systems, Principle & Applications, Ronald J. Tocci, Prentice-Hall

 Digital Design, M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, Pearson Education, Inc.
 Digital Circuits and Design, S. Salivahanan, S. Arivazhagan, Oxford
University Press.
 Digital Electronics, G. K. Kharate, Oxford University Press.
 Digital Electronics, Bignell James, Logic and Systems, Cengage Learning
 Digital Logic and Computer Design, M. Morris Mano, Pearson Education,
Inc.
 Digital Electronics Theory with Experiments, Anurag Arora, UDH Publishers
& Distributors Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Declaration : The content of the presentation has been created for academic use / non-commercial use with fair dealing.

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

22-Nov-19 2
Lucknow
 BINARY SUBTRACTOR

RULES FOR BINARY SUBTRACTION

0-0=0
0-1=1 with borrow 1
1 - 0 =1
1 – 1=0

NOTE: In the second case (0 – 1) it is necessary to borrow a 1.

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

3
Lucknow
TYPES OF BINARY SUBTRACTOR

• Half Subtractor
• Full Subtractor

Half Subtractor:

• It is a combinational circuit with two inputs and two outputs (

difference and borrow)
• Two inputs are A (minuend), B (subtrahend) and two outputs are D
(difference) and Bo (borrow out).
• It is used to perform subtraction of two bits.

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

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Lucknow
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

A D
HALF
SUBTRACTOR
B Bo

LOGIC DIAGRAM:
A
D
B

Bo

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

5
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TRUTH TABLE OF HALF-SUBTRACTOR

INPUTS OUTPUTS
Minuend (A) Subtrahend (B) Difference (D) Borrow (Bo)
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

6
Lucknow
TRUTH TABLE OF HALF-SUBTRACTOR

INPUTS OUTPUTS
Minuend (A) Subtrahend (B) Difference (D) Borrow (Bo)
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0

K-Map for difference (D)

AB
B 1
A 0
0 0 1
1 1 0

AB syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

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TRUTH TABLE OF HALF-SUBTRACTOR

INPUTS OUTPUTS
Minuend (A) Subtrahend (B) Difference (D) Borrow (Bo)
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0

K-Map for difference (D) K-Map for Borrow Output (Bo)

AB B
B A 0 1
A 0 1 AB
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 0

AB syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

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From K-maps

D  AB  AB
B  AB
LOGIC DIAGRAM

A
D
B

Bo

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

9
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DISADVANTAGE OF HALF SUBTRACTOR:
Half subtractor can only perform the subtraction of two binary bits. But
while performing the subtraction, it does not take into account the borrow of
the lower significant stage.
HALF SUBTRACTOR USING BASIC GATES:

A B

AB
D  AB  AB
AB

BO  AB

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

10
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 FULL SUBTRACTOR:
• Full subtractor is a combinational circuit.
• It performs subtraction involving three bits (i) minuend bit (ii)
subtrahend bit (ii) borrow from the previous stage.
• It has three inputs (i) X (minuend) (ii) Y (subtrahend) (iii) Bin from
the previous stage.
• It has two outputs D (difference) and Borrow out Bout.
LOGIC SYMBOL:

X
D
FULL
Y SUBTRACTOR
Bin Bout

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

11
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TRUTH TABLE: K-Map For Difference Output (D)

INPUTS OUTPUTS YBin

X 00 01 11 10
X Y Bin D Bout
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0

0 1 0 1 1 D  X Y Bin  X Y Bin  X Y Bin  XYBin

0 1 1 0 1
K-Maps For Borrow Output (Bout)
1 0 0 1 0
YBin
1 0 1 0 0 X 00 01 11 10
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0

Bout  X Y  X Bin  YBin

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,
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 D  X Y Bin  X Y Bin  X Y Bin  XYBin
D  ( X Y  XY ) Bin  ( X Y  X Y ) Bin
D  ( X  Y ) Bin  ( X  Y ) Bin
D  X  Y  Bin

•Equation for a borrow output is resembles the carry output of full adder
except that one of the input is complemented.
• Equation for D is same as the sum of output for a full adder.
•It is possible to convert a full adder into a full subtractor by
complementing that input before to its applied to the input of gates which
form the borrow output.

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

13
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RELIZATION OF FULL SUBTRACTOR:

X Y Bin

Bout

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

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CONTSTRUCTION OF FULL SUBTRACTOR USING HALF
SUBTRACTOR
PRROF:
We know that the expression of difference output, this expression is
same as for the full subtractor.
D  X  Y  Bin

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

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 EXPRESSION FOR BORROW OUTPUT Bout:
BO  ( X  Y ) Bin  X Y  ( X Y  XY ) Bin  X Y
BO  X Y Bin  XYBin  X Y
BO  X Y Bin  XYBin  X Y (1  Bin )
BO  X Y Bin  XYBin  X Y  X YBin
BO  X Y Bin  YBin ( X  X )  X Y
BO  X Y Bin  YBin  X Y
BO  X Y Bin  YBin  X Y (1  Bin )
BO  X Y Bin  YBin  X Y  X YBin
BO  X Bin (Y  Y )  YBin  X Y
BO  X Bin  YBin  X Y
This expression is same as that for Bo of full subtractor.
syed hasan saeed, Integral University,
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DIAGRAM OF FULL SUBTRACTOR USING HALF SUBTRACTOR
Half Subtractor 2
X XY  X Y D  X  Y  Bin
Y Difference D

XY ( X  Y ) Bin

X Y
BO
Half Subtractor 1
Bin

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

17
Lucknow
 THANK YOU

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syedhasansaeed.gnomio.com

syed hasan saeed, Integral University,

22-Nov-19 18
Lucknow