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Strings in C#

Presentation · June 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11048.90887

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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

Advanced Programming in C#
Lecture Four
C# - Strings

 A string is an ordered sequence of characters, enclosed in double

quotation marks.
 In C#, you can use strings as array of characters, However, more
common practice is to use the string keyword to declare a string
variable.
 The string keyword is an alias for the System.String class.

Creating a String Object

You can create string object using one of the following methods −

1. By assigning a string literal to a String variable

2. By using a String class constructor

3. By using the string concatenation operator (+)

4. By retrieving a property or calling a method that returns a string

5. By calling a formatting method to convert a value or an object to

its string representation

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Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

Declaring strings in C#

string VariableName;

• where:

 string is a string type.

 VariableName specifies the name of the string variable.

Example:

string first_name; //declaring a string

variable named first_name

The following example demonstrates some of the above:

static void Main(string[] args) {

string fname, lname; //first method
fname = "Rowan";
lname = "Atkinson";

char []letters= { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l','o' };

string [] sarray={ "Hello", "From", "Computer",
"Science" };

string fullname = fname + lname; //Third method

Console.WriteLine("Full Name: "+ fullname);

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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

string greetings = new string(letters); //second

method
Console.WriteLine("Greetings: "+ greetings);

Console.WriteLine("Greetings: "+ greetings);

Console.Write("Message: ");
for (int i = 0; i < sarray.Length; i++)
{
Console.Write(sarray[i] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
//fourth method
string message = String.Join(" ", sarray);
Console.WriteLine("Message2 " + message);
}

 When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the

following result
Full Name: RowanAtkinson

Greetings: Hello

Message: Hello From Computer Science

Message2: Hello From Computer Science

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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

Properties of the String Class

 The String class has the following two properties

No. Property & Description
1. Chars[int]

Gets the Char object at a specified position in the current String

object.
2. Length

Gets the number of characters in the current String object.

string s1 ="Department of Computer Science";
char ch1 = s1[2]; //ch1 will be ‘p’

int size = s1.Length;

Console.WriteLine("Size of the string = "
+size); //will be 30
Methods of the String Class

 The String class has numerous methods that help you in working with
the string objects.
 The following table provides some of the most commonly used
methods:
No. Methods & Description
1. public static int Compare(string strA, string strB)
Compares two specified string objects and returns an integer that
indicates their relative position in the sort order. (0 if equal)
2. public static string Concat(string str0, string str1)
Concatenates two string objects.

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Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

3. public bool Contains(string value)

Returns a value indicating whether the specified String object
occurs within this string.
4. public static string Copy(string str)
Creates a new String object with the same value as the specified
string.
5. public bool EndsWith(string value)
Determines whether the end of the string object matches the
specified string.
6. public int IndexOf(char value)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the
specified Unicode character in the current string.
7. public int LastIndexOf(char value)
Returns the zero-based index position of the last occurrence of
the specified Unicode character within the current string object.
8. public string Remove(int startIndex, int count)
Removes the specified number of characters in the current string
beginning at a specified position and returns the string.
9. public string Replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
Replaces all occurrences of a specified Unicode character in the
current string object with the specified Unicode character and
returns the new string.
10. public string ToLower()
Returns a copy of this string converted to lowercase.
11. public string ToUpper()
Returns a copy of this string converted to uppercase.
12. public string Substring(int start)

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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

Returns a substring from the original string starting at start to the

end.

Examples
 The following example demonstrates some of the methods mentioned
above:

Comparing Strings

string str1 = "This is test";

string str2 = "This is text";

if (String.Compare(str1, str2) == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are
equal.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are
not equal.");
}

 When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the

following result:

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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

This is test and This is text are not equal.

String Contains String

string str = "This is test";

if (str.Contains("test"))
{
Console.WriteLine("The sequence 'test' was
found.");
}

 When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the

following result:

The sequence 'test' was found.

Getting a Substring

string str = "Last night I dreamt of San Pedro";

Console.WriteLine(str);
string substr = str.Substring(23);
Console.WriteLine(substr);

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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

 When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the

following result:

Last night I dreamt of San Pedro

San Pedro

String Concatenation
 The + operator can be used between strings to combine them. This is
called concatenation:
string firstName = "John";

string lastName = "Steven";

string name = firstName + lastName;

Console.WriteLine(name);

 When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the

following result:
John Steven

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Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

HW on Strings:
Write a full C# program for each of the following:
1. Write a method public static string replace(string
old, string s1, string s2). The method receives three
strings old, s1 and s2. The method replaces s1 with s2 in the
old string.
Example: Input: "programming", "ing", "er"
Output: "programmer"
Note: Do not use the method Replace() of the String class.
2. Write a method public static substring (string
origin, int start, int n). The method receives a string
and two integer variables. The method returns a substring from the
origin string starting from start of size n characters .
Example: Input: "Second semester of programming",
7,8
Output: "semester"
Note: Do not use the method Substring() of the String
class.
3. Write a method public static int Locationof(string
old, string st). The method receives two strings: old and st.
The method returns the first index of st in the old string
Example: Input: "Lecture Four", "Four"
Output: 8
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Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

Note: Do not use the method IndexOf()of the String class.

4. Write a method public static string shuffle(string
s1, string s2). The method two strings s1 and s2 then the
method shuffles the two strings as shown in the example:
Example: Input: "ABCD","EFGHIJ"
Output: "AEBFCGDHIJ"
5. Write a method public static string
intersect(string s1, string s2). The method applies
the intersection operation between the two strings as shown in the
example.
Example: Input: "Computer", "Programming"
Output: "ompr"
6. Write a method public static string union(string
s1,string s2). The method receives two strings s1 and s2
and returns the result of union operation on the two strings with no
repetition.
Example: Input: "computer", "program"
Output: "Computergam"
7. Write a method public static string
remove_space(string old). The method receives a string
and removes the space characters from the string and returns the
result.
Example: Input: "Advanced C# Programming"
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 Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Iraq

Output: "AdvancedC#Programming"
Note: Do not use the method Replace() of the String class.
8. Write a method public static remove_string(string
old, string s1). The method receives two strings old and
s1, the method removes s1 from the old string and returns the
result.
Example: Input "programming","gra"
Output: "promming"
Note: Do not use EndsWith(), Contains(), and Remove()
methods of the String class.
9. Write a method public static string
classify_string(string origin, string numbers,
string letters, string special).
The method receives a string and returns three strings: numbers,
letters and special
Example: Input "fb48GF%7$#&@kp"
output: "fbGFkp" , "487", "%$#&@"
10. Write a method public static
capitalize_first(string old), the method receives a
string and capitalizes the first letter of each word.
Example: Input: "this is the fourth lecture"
Output: "This Is The Fourth Lecture"

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