PROJECT FILE

Physical Education And Sports

"Basketball”

Submitted by :
Name : Dhruv kanojia
Roll no. : 24/A03/016
 VOLLEYBALL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMWNT

The Acknowledgement Rule has been part of my program since the early 1980s.
Its one of those simple tools that manages to solve a lot of problems. Without it,
or something close to it, the shaping of trusting behaviors is very difficult.
Here are 6 keys to the rule:
1. Whenever you are spoken to by a coach or teammate, you must
acknowledge to the speaker that you have heard and understood her/him.
Take the emotion out of your response.
2. This acknowledgement can be made through spoken words or gestures,
but it must convey that you have heard what has been said to you.
3. Keep in mind, acknowledging that you have been spoken to does not mean
that you agree with what has been said.
4. Learn to develop an acknowledgement style that invites further
communication. Don’t leave a coach or teammate thinking that you are
unapproachable.
5. Respond every time a coach gives you feedback or instruction.
6. When a teammate communicates something to you in the heat of battle
and you are momentarily offended, acknowledge in a non-inflammatory
manner.

INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a
net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's
court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of
the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964. Beach Volleyball was introduced
to the program at the Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics. The adapted version of
volleyball at the Summer Paraolympic Games is Sitting Volleyball. Volleyball is
typically played by two teams of six players each, though variations like beach
volleyball are played with two players per team. The game is played on a
rectangular court divided by a net, with each team trying to score points by
grounding the ball on the opponent's side of the court.
 HISTORY

William G. Morgan invented the sport in 1895 while he was the YMCA
physical education director in Holyoke Massachusetts. Because he
originally derived the game from badminton, he initially named the
sport mintonette. He was a one-time student of Basketball inventor James
Naismith and invented the game for his clients at the YMCA, most of
whom were middle-aged businessmen for whom the physical demands of
basketball were too great. The first game of volleyball was played at
Springfield College, where Morgan introduced the sport.
Historical Facts About Volleyball

Volleyball was developed in 1895 by William G. Morgan at the Young Men's

Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was created for
businessmen who required a game that involved less physical contact than
basketball.- Volleyball blended elements of baseball, basketball, handball,
and tennis.- Volleyball was originally played using a tennis net hung 6 feet
6 inches above the floor.- The first game of volleyball was played on July 7,
1896 at Springfield College.- Official volleyball was designed in 1900.- The
set and spike were introduced in the Philippines in 1916.- The United
States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now called USA Volleyball) was
formed in 1928.- Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo
in 1964.- The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed in
1983.- U.S. men's team won the Gold medal and the U.S. women's team
won the Silver medal at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.- U.S. men's
team won the Gold medal at the 1988 Olympics in Korea.- Volleyball
celebrated 100 years of existence in 1995.- Two-person beach volleyball
was added to the Olympics in 1996.
 Volleyball Equipments
1. NET
 The net is placed vertically over the center line.
 The top of the net is set at the height of 2.43 meters (7 feet 115/8
inches) for men and 2.24 meters (7 feet 41/4 inches) for women.
 Its height is measured from the center of the playing court.
 The net is 1 meter wide and 9.50 meters long, and is made of
square black mesh.

2. Ball
 The ball is spherical, and is made of a flexible leather or synthetic
leather with a bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material.
 It may be a uniform light colour or combination of colours.
 The volleyball measures 65 to 67 centimeters (25 to 27 inches) in
circumference and weighs 260 to 280 grams.
 Volleyball Court
The size of the volleyball court will depend on the playing ability level and the
equip ment used. Dimensions will range from approximately 20 feet wide by 40
feet long for lawn or backyard volleyball to 19 feet 6 inches wide by 59 feet long
for tournament play. The width of the court is determined by the size of the net
used. The service areas should be a minimum of 6 feet in depth back of the
endlines.

DIMENSION -> A standard volleyball court is rectangular, measuring 18 meters

(59 feet) in length and 9 meters (29.5 feet) in width. Here's a breakdown of the
key dimensions.
• Court Size : 18 meters long and 9 meters wide.
• Center Line : Divides the court into two equal halves, each 9 meters by 9
meters.
• Attack Line (3-meter line) : Located 3 meters (9 feet, 10 inches) from the
center line on each side of the court, marking the front zone.
• Service Area: Extends beyond each end line, typically 3 meters deep, where
players serve the ball.
o Net Height:
• Men's Net : 2.43 meters (7 feet, 11 5/8 inches) high.
• Women's Net : 2.24 meters (7 feet, 4 1/8 inches) high.
o Free Zone : Space Around the Court

Volleyball Rules
The number of players in volleyball is six on each side, with the teams separated
by a net in the middle.
The team that wins the pre-game coin toss gets the opportunity to serve the
ball first. The aim of the server is to hit the ball over the net from behind the
baseline over to the oppositions team half to start a rally.
Teams are allowed a maximum of three consecutive touches after which they
have to send the ball into the opposition’s half. The player that receives the
serve, attempts to control the ball and loop it in the direction of one of their
team-mates. This is known as the ‘pass’ or the ‘bump set’ which is executed
with the forearms.

 Volleyball scoring system

According to rules of volleyball, matches are best-of-five-set contests. The first
four sets are played till one team scores 25 points and if the teams are tied at
two sets each after four, the fifth set is played to 15 points.
Each rally is played for a point and the team that wins the rally and scores a
point gets to serve for the next point.
If the game is tied at 24-24, or 14-14 in the fifth set, the set continues till one
team builds a two-point lead over the other.
 Winning a point in volleyball
The most common way that points are won in a volleyball match is by spiking
the ball into the opposing team’s half. However, teams can end up losing a
point due to other faults as well.
The most common way that points are won in a volleyball match is by spiking
the ball into the opposing team’s half. However, teams can end up losing a
point due to other faults as well.

 How many players in volleyball

There are six volleyball players in a team, who can play in five positions –
setters, middle blockers, outside hitter, weakside hitter, liberos:
Setter : The setter’s job is to orchestrate the team’s offence and set the ball
up for spikes for teammates.
Middle blocker : The middle blockers play offence as well as defence on a
volleyball team. They initiate the blocks on the spikes coming in from the
opponent's court and also attack the balls that are set in the middle of the
court.
Outside hitter : The outside hitter, also known as side hitters, is the team’s
primary attacker and plays on the left side of the volleyball court.
Weakside hitter : The weakside hitter is on the opposite side of the court and
is also the primary defenders against the opposition team’s outside hitter.
Libero : The libero is one of the most unique positions in all of sports. Liberos
wear a different uniform to the rest of the team and can sub in for any
member of the backcourt.
 Liberos cannot block or attack shots by reaching over the net and are
primarily in the game to pass, return the ball and help the team with their
defensive skills.

SKILLS
Competitive teams master six basic skills: serve, pass, set, attack, block and dig.
Each of the skills consitsts of a number of specific techniques which have been
introduced over the years and are now considered standard practice in high-
level volleyball.

 Serve
A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball in an attempt to drive it into
the opponent's court. The main objective is to make it land inside the court; it is
also desirable to set the ball's direction, speed and acceleration so that it
becomes difficult for the receiver to handle it properly.[3] A serve is called an
"ace" when the ball either lands directly onto the opponent's court or the first
opponent to touch the ball is unable to volley it (hit it upwards enough for a
teammate to continue).

 PASS
The skill of passing involves fundamentally two specific techniques: underarm
pass, or bump, where the ball touches the inside part of the joined forearms or
platform, at waistline; and overhand pass, where it is handled with the fingertips,
like a set, above the head. Either are acceptable in professional and beach
volleyball; however, there are much tighter regulations on the overhand pass in
beach volleyball. When a player passes a ball to their setter, it is ideal that the
ball does not have a lot of spin to make it easier for the setter. The pass is a
difficult move for many begin players. This skill looks easier than it actually is
when per formed. Once the ball is served, the player who will pass the ball gets
into position under the ball with knees ben4 hands up and fingers cupped. All
the fingers and the two thumbs contact the ball, but the ball does not touch the
palm of the hand.

 SET
The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball. The main
goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by
an attack into the opponent's court. The setter coordinates the offensive
movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately decides which player will
actually attack the ball.

ATTACK
The attack, also known as the spike, is usually the third contact a team makes
with the ball. The object of attacking is to handle the ball so that it lands on the
opponent's court and cannot be defended. A player makes a series of steps (the
"approach"), jumps, and swings at the ball.
Ideally, the contact with the ball is made at the apex of the hitter's jump. At the
moment of contact, the hitter's arm is fully extended above their head and
slightly forward, making the highest possible contact while maintaining the
ability to deliver a powerful hit.

 BLOCK
Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop or
alter an opponent's attack. A block which is aimed at completely stopping an
attack, thus making the ball remain in the opponent's court, is called an
offensive block. A well-executed offensive block is performed by jumping and
reaching to penetrate with one's arms and hands over the net and into the
opponent's area. It requires anticipating the direction the ball will go once the
attack takes place. It may also require calculating the best footwork to executing
the "perfect" block.
  DIG
Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court after a spike
or attack, particularly a ball that is nearly touching the ground. In many aspects,
this skill is similar to passing, or bumping: overhand dig and bump are also used
to distinguish between defensive actions taken with fingertips or with joined
arms. It varies from passing, however, in that it is a much more reflex-based skill,
especially at the higher levels. It is especially important while digging for players
to stay on their toes; several players choose to employ a split step to make sure
they are ready to move in any direction.

WARM’S UP

1. Jogging or Light Running :

• Start with 5-10 minutes of jogging or light running to increase your heart
rate and blood flow to the muscles.
2. High Knees :
• Run in place while bringing your knees up to waist height. Do this for 30
seconds.

3. Butt Kicks :
• Jog in place while kicking your heels up towards your glutes. Do this for 30
seconds.

4. Arm Circles :
• Extend your arms out to the sides and make small circles, gradually
increasing to larger circles. Do this for 30 seconds in each direction (forward
and backward).

5. Leg Swings :
• Stand on one leg and swing the other leg forward and backward, then side to
side. Do 10 swings in each direction for each leg. Stretching and Mobility.

6. Dynamic Stretching :
• Perform dynamic stretches like lunges with a twist, side lunges, and
inchworms to improve flexibility and range of motion.

7. Shoulder Rotations :
• Use a resistance band or a towel to perform internal and external shoulder
rotations to warm up the shoulder joints.

8. Passing Drills :
• Practice passing the ball with a partner or against a wall. Focus on proper
technique and footwork.

9. Serving Practice :
• Perform a few practice serves to warm up your shoulder and get a feel for
the ball.

10. Jumping and Blocking :

• Practice a few jumps and blocks at the net to engage your legs and prepare
for game movements.