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Research 7

Parametric tests rely on known population distribution parameters, such as mean and standard deviation, to conduct hypothesis testing, while non-parametric tests do not make assumptions about population parameters and are distribution-free. Parametric tests include T-tests, Z-tests, F-tests, and ANOVA, which are used for various statistical analyses based on sample size and known variances. Non-parametric tests are gaining popularity due to their ease of application and lack of assumptions about the population.

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16 views3 pages

Research 7

Parametric tests rely on known population distribution parameters, such as mean and standard deviation, to conduct hypothesis testing, while non-parametric tests do not make assumptions about population parameters and are distribution-free. Parametric tests include T-tests, Z-tests, F-tests, and ANOVA, which are used for various statistical analyses based on sample size and known variances. Non-parametric tests are gaining popularity due to their ease of application and lack of assumptions about the population.

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sayantikatheceleb
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Q;1)What is a Parametric Test?

The basic principle behind the parametric tests is that we have a fixed set of parameters that are used to
determine a probabilistic model that may be used in Machine Learning as well.

Parametric tests are those tests for which we have prior knowledge of the population distribution (i.e,
normal), or if not then we can easily approximate it to a normal distribution which is possible with the
help of the Central Limit Theorem.

Parameters for using the normal distribution is –

• Mean

• Standard Deviation

Q:2)Why Do we Need a Parametric Test?

Eventually, the classification of a test to be parametric is completely dependent on the population


assumptions. There are many parametric tests available from which some of them are as follows:

• To find the confidence interval for the population means with the help of known standard
deviation.

• To determine the confidence interval for population means along with the unknown standard
deviation.

• To find the confidence interval for the population variance.

• To find the confidence interval for the difference of two means, with an unknown value of
standard deviation.

Q:3)What is a Non-parametric Test?

In Non-Parametric tests, researcher doesn’t make any assumption about the parameters for the given
population or the population which is studying. In fact, these tests don’t depend on the population.

Hence, there is no fixed set of parameters is available, and also there is no distribution (normal
distribution, etc.) of any kind is available for use.

Q:4)Why Do we Need Non-parametric Test?

This is also the reason that nonparametric tests are also referred to as distribution-free tests.
In modern days, Non-parametric tests are gaining popularity and an impact of influence some reasons
behind this fame is –

• The main reason is that there is no need to be mannered while using parametric tests.

• The second reason is that we do not require to make assumptions about the population given
(or taken) on which we are doing the analysis.

• Most of the nonparametric tests available are very easy to apply and to understand also i.e. the
complexity is very low.
Q: What are the differences Between Parametric and Nonparametric Tests?

Parameter Parametric Test Nonparametric Test


Assume normal distribution and No assumptions about distribution or
Assumptions
equal variance variance
Suitable for both continuous and
Data Types Suitable for continuous data
categorical data
Test Statistics Based on population parameters Based on ranks or frequencies
Generally more powerful when
Power More robust to violations of assumptions
assumptions are met
Requires larger sample size,
Sample Size especially when distributions are Requires smaller sample size
non-normal
Results are based on ranks or
Interpretation of Straightforward interpretation of
frequencies and may require additional
Results results
interpretation

Q: Explain different Types of Parametric Tests for Hypothesis Testing:-

1. T-Test

. It is a parametric test of hypothesis testing based on Student’s T distribution.

. It is essentially, testing the significance of the difference of the mean values when the sample size is
small (i.e, less than 30) and when the population standard deviation is not available.

. Assumptions of this test:

✓ Population distribution is normal, and

✓ Samples are random and independent

✓ The sample size is small.

✓ Population standard deviation is not known.

2. Z-Test

1. It is a parametric test of hypothesis testing.

2. It is used to determine whether the means are different when the population variance is known and
the sample size is large (i.e, greater than 30).

3. Assumptions of this test:

✓ Population distribution is normal


✓ Samples are random and independent.
✓ The sample size is large.
✓ Population standard deviation is known.
3. F-Test

. It is a test for the null hypothesis that two normal populations have the same variance.

. An F-test is regarded as a comparison of equality of sample variances.

. F-statistic is simply a ratio of two variances.

4.ANOVA

1. Also called as Analysis of variance, it is a parametric test of hypothesis testing.

2. It is an extension of the T-Test and Z-test.

3. It is used to test the significance of the differences in the mean values among more than two
sample groups.

4. It uses F-test to statistically test the equality of means and the relative variance between them.

5. Assumptions of this test:

✓ Population distribution is normal, and


✓ Samples are random and independent.
✓ Homogeneity of sample variance.

6. One-way ANOVA and Two-way ANOVA are is types.

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