Exponential functions

1. 1. simplify the following and express your answer in positive indices if

necessary
13/ab(7
(a)
196 b-2

(b) (b (ab

+
3x
22x
+

4
(c) 26x
-

1
 5
55a + ja
(d) Ja + lat

2. Solve the following equations

(a) 0 .
2 = 55

(b) (e)" 5t =
(c) 32 = sa

(d) ,
3
where a is a
positive number

24 )
+ %

(e) 0 .
24 -

210 ,
+
a, 24 = 140

+ 1

(f) 92 + q4 = 270
3. Solve the following equations
(a) (l -84) : (1 + gnt) = 1 :
4

(b) =

(c) -I
4. Let p(x) = x - 5 , where n is a real number.
n+ 1

(a) If p(5) = 20↓ 5, find the value(s) of n.

(b) If p(25) = 0, find the value(s) of n.

(c) If p(↓ 5 ) + 100 = 0, find the value(s) of n.

5. If nY , where a is a positive number, express x in terms of n.

6. (a) It is given that 4 = 6, find the values of the following without using
calculators
I
42x
-

(i)

(ii)
=

Y
(b) It is also given that 4 = 12, express y in terms of x.
7. The amount of air pollutant is increasing at the rate of 21% per
minute. The original amount of air pollutant is 50 units and let f(t)
be the amount of pollutant after t minutes

(a) Express f(t) in terms of t.

(b) Assume that the domain of f(t) is all non-negative numbers
(i) Find the time required for the amount of pollutant to reach 55
units

(ii) Find the time required for the amount of pollutant to change
from 100 units to 133.1 units

(c) Let g(t) be the increase of pollutants from t minutes to ( t + 1) minutes

(i) Express g(t) in terms of t. Simplify your expression.

 g(t)
(ii) Show that f(t) is independent of t. What can you tell about that?

8. The graph below shows the graphs of y a y b and y c , where a, b

=
,
=
=

and c are all positive real numbers.

xY
y cx
=

y=
a
y = bx

G
> x

（a) Compare the magnitudes of a, b and c. Explain your answer by using the
graph above,
 (b) A student said that for another graph y da , where d > 0, =

the shape of the graph must be the same as either y ax =

or y cx . Do you agree? Explain your answer.

=

9. (a) Draw the graphs of 54 and y

= 0 54 -1 from x = -4 to x = 4 in the
y = 0 .

figure below.
(b) Hence write down the relationship between the graphs y = 0 . 54 and
y =
, 52
0 -
1

(c) Solve the following equations graphically.

(i) 0 54 6.
=

+2
+ 2

(ii) 24 2x
+1
-
+ 2x = 4x
Logarithmic Functions
1. 1. It is given that g(3x) = log x + log 3.
3 D

(a) Express g(x) in terms of x

(b) Find the value of g(81)

2. Simplify the following without using calculators.

(a) + log5 320- log5

4

10g 25 +
1095]
(b) 1092125 +
10g58
 logta -

logs
(c)
log +
10g352

(d) 210ga2 -

loga12

(e) 10g46 109046+

-

109647776

3. Solve the following equations.

(a) log (x - 1) = -3
2
(b) log36 x = -0.5

(c) log x 9 = 4

(d) log x = 4
3

(e) log(x + 8) - log(x - 8) = 2

 (f) log (7 - 2x) + log (x + 4) = 2
5 5

(g) log(20 - x) + log(5 - x) = 2

4. (a) By using the change of base, show that log x = log q2

3
x .
 (b) Hence solve the equation logg(x + 3)
-

2logqx
=
logz2

5. Change x as the subject of the formula in the following.

(a) log (3x + 2y) 2logy =

Y
-

(b) loggi logg(x y) 2log , y 1

-
= -

(c) loga +
log(y + 1) =
2logy
+
log(x + 1)
 (d) logny =
logn/x-1 -2

6. If a = logs18 and b = logs 3 , express the following in terms of a and b.

(a) log5 27

(b) logs 30

2
(c) log15
 R Y
7. Given that 6 = 2 and 6 = 5.
(a) Express logo 10 in terms of x and y.

(b) Express log .

3 in terms of x.

8. If p = log34 and q = logz8 , express logz 63 in terms of p

and q
9. If a and b are the roots of the equation 2x2 + x -
16 = 0 , find the
values of the following.

(a) (4a 1)(43 -1)

-

(b) logp(a + 4) +
log(b + 4)

10. Given that the domain of f(x) = logy(x"+ 6x + k)is all real numbers.
(a) Find the smallest integral value of k.
 (b) Taking the value of k found in (a), solve the equation
f(x) = It logz

11. The figure shows the graphs of y logaz and

=
y a
=
, where a is
a constant. Y
y
=a
↑

> x

Y= logal

(a) Write down the relation between the two graphs y logax
=
and y = ak
(b) Can the two graphs intersect at the following points? Explain your
answer.

(i) (0.2, 0.3)

(ii) (1.2, 1.2)

 (c) If the x-coordinate of the intersection point is 0.2, find the value
of a.

12. The figure shows the graph of y =

1090 5(x + 8) + k
.

+
(a) By considering the graph, find the value of a.

(b) Find the value of k.

13. The figure shows a graph of log y against x. It is given that the
relation between x and y can be expressed as y ab , where a and
=

b are constants.
logyx

3-

↓ YX
-
3

Find the values of a and b.

14. The intensity level of a sound (D units) is given by D 10 log ,

=

where I is the intensity and I is a constant. If the sound intensity is

J

increased by 10%, what is the change in the sound level?