AS Level Chemistry A

H032/02 Depth in chemistry

Sample Question Paper

Date – Morning/Afternoon Version 2.0

Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

You must have:

• the Data Sheet for Chemistry A
You may use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator

EN * 0 0 0 0 0 0 *
IM
First name
EC

Last name

Centre Candidate
number number
SP

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
• Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answers should be supported with working. Marks may
be given for a correct method even if the answer is incorrect.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Additional paper may be used if required but you must clearly show your candidate
number, centre number and question number(s).
• Do not write in the bar codes.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended responses will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document consists of 20 pages.

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Answer all the questions.

1 Bromine is a reactive element. It combines with other non-metals to form covalent compounds.
Phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, and iodine monobromide, IBr, are examples of covalent compounds used in
organic synthesis.

(a) PBr3 can be prepared by heating bromine with phosphorus, P4.

(i) Write an equation for this reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(ii) How many molecules are present in 1.3535 g of PBr3?

EN
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number of molecules = ……………………… [3]
EC

(iii) The ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram of a molecule of PBr3 is given below.

SP

Name the shape of this molecule and explain why the molecule has this shape.

name: ………………………………………………………………………………………..

explanation: ………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

[3]

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(b) Bromine reacts with iodine to form iodine monobromide, IBr.

The table below lists some average bond enthalpies which are required in different parts of this
question.

Bond Average bond enthalpy / kJ mol1

Br–Br +193
I–I +151
I–Br +175

(i) Average bond enthalpy is the enthalpy change for the breaking of 1 mole of bonds in
gaseous molecules.

Why do Br2 and I2 not exist in the gaseous state under standard conditions?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

EN
……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of formation, fH, for IBr.

IM
EC
SP

fH = ……………………… kJ mol1 [2]

(c) Iodine monobromide, I–Br, is a polar molecule.

Heterolytic fission of the I–Br bond forms an electrophile.

State the meaning of the term electrophile and suggest the formula of the electrophile formed from
IBr.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

(d) Bromine disproportionates when it reacts with potassium hydroxide solution.

Suggest an equation for this reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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BLANK PAGE

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2 A large proportion of the world’s output of organic chemicals is used to make addition polymers. These
polymers have a variety of uses.

(a) Poly(propene) is used to make packaging, textiles and rope.

A repeat unit for poly(propene) is shown below.

(i) Explain why poly(propene) is a saturated hydrocarbon.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

EN
(ii) State the bond angle around each carbon atom in poly(propene).
[1]
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………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
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(iii) After polymers have been used for packaging, the waste polymers need to be processed to save
resources, for example, by recycling.

Describe two other ways in which waste poly(propene) can be processed in a sustainable way.
SP

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

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(b) Poly(ethenol) is used to make soluble laundry bags.

A section of the structure of poly(ethenol) is shown below.

(i) Draw a structure to represent one repeat unit of poly(ethenol).

[1]

EN
(ii) Poly(ethenol) is not manufactured from ethenol.

Ethenol is unstable and it forms a more stable structural isomer.

Analysis of the structural isomer gave the following data.

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Infrared spectrum
EC
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Mass spectrum

EN
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Use all the data to show that the isomer is not ethenol.

Identify the structural isomer of ethenol.

EC

In your answer you should make clear how your explanation is linked to the evidence.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

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3 Nitrogen can be reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to make ammonia in the
Haber process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = 92 kJ mol1

(a) Describe and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the rate of this reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(b) A mixture of N2 and H2 was left to react until it reached equilibrium. The equilibrium mixture had
the following composition:

N2 1.20 mol dm3

EN
H2 2.00 mol dm3
NH3 0.877 mol dm3

(i) Calculate a value for Kc for this equilibrium.

IM
EC
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Kc = ………………………………… dm6 mol2 [3]

(ii) Explain how the following changes would affect the amount of NH3 present in the equilibrium
mixture.

Use of a catalyst:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

A higher temperature:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3]

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(c) 1.00 tonne of ammonia from the Haber process is reacted with carbon dioxide to prepare the fertiliser
urea, NH2CONH2.

2NH3(g) + CO2(g)  NH2CONH2(s) + H2O(l)

1.35 tonnes of urea are formed.

Calculate the percentage yield of urea.

EN
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yield = ……………………… % [3]
EC
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4 Students work together in groups to identify four different solutions.

Each solution contains one of the following compounds:

 ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4
 sodium sulfate, Na2SO4
 sodium chloride, NaCl
 potassium bromide, KBr.

Your group has been provided with universal indicator paper and the following test reagents:
 barium chloride solution
 silver nitrate solution
 dilute ammonia solution
 sodium hydroxide solution.

(a)* A student in your group suggests the following plan:

 Add about 1 cm depth of each solution into separate test-tubes.
 Add a few drops of barium chloride solution to each test-tube.

EN
 A white precipitate will show which solutions contain sulfate ions.
 Two of the solutions will form a white precipitate.

Describe how you would expand this plan so that all four solutions could be identified using a
IM
positive test result.

You should provide observations and conclusions that would enable your group to identify all four
EC

solutions. [6]

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Additional answer space if required.

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EN
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(b) Solid barium chloride has a high melting point. Barium chloride dissolves in water to form a solution
that can be used to test for sulfate ions.
EC

(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in solid barium chloride.
Show outer electrons only.
SP

[2]

(ii) A solution of barium chloride can be made in the laboratory using dilute hydrochloric acid.

Suggest a compound that can be reacted with hydrochloric acid to make barium chloride.

…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

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5 Alcohols are used in organic synthesis.

(a) Pentan-2-ol can be prepared by the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-iodopentane.

CH3CH(I)CH2CH2CH3 + NaOH  CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3 + NaI

The reaction mixture is boiled for 20 minutes.

(i) State the most appropriate technique that could be used to boil the reaction mixture for
20 minutes.

………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(ii) Describe the mechanism for the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-iodopentane.

In your answer, include the name of the mechanism, curly arrows and relevant dipoles.

name of mechanism: ……………………………………………………………………….

EN
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EC
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[4]

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(b) Alcohols can be converted into haloalkanes in a substitution reaction.

Plan an experiment to prepare approximately 0.1 mol of 2-bromopentane,

CH3CHBrCH2CH2CH3, from pentan-2-ol, CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3.

Your plan should include a calculation of the mass of alcohol required and details of the
chemicals to be used in the reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

EN
………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
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EC
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(c)* Alcohols can be converted into alkenes in an elimination reaction.

The elimination of H2O from pentan-2-ol forms a mixture of organic products.

Give the names and structures of all the organic products in the mixture.

Your answer should explain how the reaction leads to the different isomers.
[6]

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Additional answer space if required.

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6 A student carries out an experiment to identify an unknown carbonate.

 The student weighs a sample of the solid carbonate in a weighing bottle.

 The student tips the carbonate into a beaker and weighs the empty weighing bottle.
 The student prepares a 250.0 cm3 solution of the carbonate.
 The student carries out a titration using 25.0 cm3 of this solution measured using a pipette with
0.100 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid in the burette.

(a) The sample of carbonate is dissolved in approximately 100 cm3 of distilled water in a beaker and the
solution transferred to a volumetric flask. The volume of the solution is made up to 250.0 cm3 with
distilled water.

Another student suggests two possible sources of error:

 A small amount of solid remained in the weighing bottle.
 A small amount of solution remained in the beaker.

EN
State whether the other student’s statements are correct.

How could the procedure be improved?

IM
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(b) The student carries out the final part of the experiment by adding 0.100 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid
to a burette and performing a titration using a 25.0 cm3 sample of the aqueous carbonate.

The student reads the burette to the nearest 0.05 cm3.

The diagrams below show the initial burette reading and the final burette reading.

initial reading final reading

Record the student’s readings and the titre.

EN
(i) IM
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[1]
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(ii) Describe what the student should do next to obtain reliable results for the titration.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

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(c) The equation below represents the reaction between the carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

M2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2MCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of M2CO3 used in the titration.

n(M2CO3) = ……………………… mol [2]

(ii) The student’s mass readings are recorded below.

Mass of weighing bottle + carbonate / g 14.92

Mass of weighing bottle / g 13.34

EN
Use the student’s results to identify the carbonate, M2CO3.
IM
EC
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[4]

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7 An alcohol A contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. The alcohol is a liquid at room
temperature and pressure but can easily be vaporised.

1.15 g of A produces 761 cm3 of gas when vaporised, measured at 100 kPa and 366 K.

Determine the molar mass of compound A and draw a possible structure for A.

molar mass = ……………………… g mol1

EN Structure of A
IM
EC

[5]
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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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