EXPERIMENT 2

ELECTRONIC DEVICES
ELECTRONIC lab (706453)

Instructor: Dr. Saleh Odat

Engineer: Eng. Nidaa Qarqaz

Author Name: 2100706016 ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﻠﺔ‬

Partner Name: 2100706089 ‫ﻏﻴﺚ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎدي ﻓﻮاﻋﺮة‬
2100706099 ‫ﺷﻬﺎب ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ ذوﻳﺐ‬
2000706096 ‫ﺳﻄﺎم ﻋﺎﻣﺮ اﻟﺮواﺷﺪة‬
2100706059 ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﻋﻮض اﻟﺴﺮﺣﺎن‬
2100706046 ‫ﺟﻮاد ﺧﻀﺮ أﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻓﺶ‬

Experiment Contacted on: 4/12/2024

Report Submitted on: 11/12/2024

Al Albayt University
School of Sustainable and
Renewable Energy
Department of Engineering
 Table of Contents

OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION)...........................................…........................................................ 1

EQUIPMENT and COMPONENTS USED ....................................................... 1

PROCEDURE ........................................……….........…………………………….....……........2

Unit 1 ............................................................................................................................... 2

Unit 2 ......................................................................................................................….......3

Unit 3 ............................................................................................................................... 3

DATA AND CALCULATIONS ...................………………….......................……........4

Unit 1 .......................................................…......................................................................4

Unit 2 .....................................................….............................................................….......5

Unit 3 ..............................................................................................................…...............6

CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 7

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OBJECTIVES
- Measure active, reactive, and apparent power in different AC circuit configurations.

- Analyze the impact of inductive and capacitive components on power and power
factor.

- Validate Boucherot’s theorem for simplifying power calculations in complex

networks.

- Understand power relationships and energy exchange in AC systems.

BACKGROUND THEORY (or INTRODUCTION)

Electric power in AC circuits is defined by three components: active power (P), which
represents real energy consumption; reactive power (Q), which involves energy
exchange without dissipation; and apparent power (S), the total supplied power. The
relationship between these components is illustrated in the power triangle, with the
power factor (cosϕ) indicating circuit efficiency. In purely resistive loads, the power
factor is 1, while inductive and capacitive loads introduce phase shifts, reducing
efficiency. Boucherot’s theorem simplifies calculations in complex networks by summing
the active, reactive, and apparent powers of individual components, making it essential
for analyzing and optimizing AC systems in engineering.
`

EQUIPMENT and COMPONENTS USED

Digital Multimeter (Brand: Good Will Instruments Co. Ltd, Model:

GDM-8351)

Power Supply (Brand: De Lorenzo, Model: DL-3155AL2)

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PROCEDURE

Unit 1: Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power (Ohmic-Inductive Load)

1. Insert the Module DL 3155M08 in the console and set the main switch to ON; connect
the ammeter, the voltmeter, and the wattmeter as shown in Fig. 1.2.

2. Ohmic Load : Short-circuit the inductance L1 by connecting, by means of a cable,

terminal 5 to terminal 2; record the instrument indications and write them in Tab. 1.1.
Calculate the actual, apparent power, the cosφ, and write the values in Tab. 1.1: the circuit
power is practically entirely actual.

3. Inductive Load : Move the cable from terminal 2 to terminal 4; record the instrument
indications and write them in Tab. 1.1. Calculate the actual, apparent, reactive power, the
cosφ, and write the values in Tab. 1.1: the actual power does not coincide with the
apparent power, as the inductance L1 presents a proper resistance.

4. Ohmic-Inductive Load : Remove the cable from terminals 4 and 5; record the instrument
indications and write them in Tab. 1.1. Calculate the actual, apparent, reactive power, the
cosφ, and write the values in Tab. 1.1: the actual power is now owed to the resistance R1
and to the inductance L1. Compare the value of the actual power with the one recorded
with the only inductive load and verify that the power factor is lower than 1.

2
Unit 2: Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power (Ohmic-Capacitive Load)

1. Insert the Module DL 3155M08 in the console and set the main switch to ON; connect the
ammeter, the voltmeter, and the wattmeter as shown in Fig. 2.2.

2. Ohmic Load: Short-circuit the capacitor C1 by connecting, by means of a cable, terminal 5 to

terminal 2; record the instrument indications and write them in Tab. 2.1. Calculate the actual,
apparent power, the cosφ, and write the values in Tab. 2.1: the circuit power is practically entirely
actual.

3. Capacitive Load: Short-circuit the resistance R1 by moving the previous cable from terminal 2 to
terminal 4; record the instrument indications and write them in Tab. 2.1. Calculate the actual,
apparent, reactive power, the cosφ, and write the values in Tab. 2.1: the actual power is negligible
and the apparent power coincides with the reactive power.

4. Ohmic-Capacitive Load: Remove the cable from terminals 4 and 5; record the instrument
indications and write them in Tab. 2.1. Calculate the actual, apparent, reactive power, the cosφ, and
write the values in Tab. 2.1: the actual power does not coincide with the apparent power. Compare
the value of the actual power with the one recorded with the only capacitive load and verify that
the power factor is lower than 1.

Unit 3: Boucherot’s Theorem

1. Insert the Module DL 3155M08 in the console and set the main switch to ON; connect the
ammeters, the voltmeter, and the wattmeter as shown in Fig. 3.2.

2. Record the instrument indications and write them in Tab. 3.1. Calculate the total actual power,
apparent power, and the total power factor (cosφt) and write the values in Tab. 3.1: the circuit
power is practically entirely active.

3. Calculate the actual powers P1, P2, and P3 for each load and write the values in Tab. 3.2.
Calculate the total actual power (Pt = P1 + P2 + P3) and write the values in Tab. 3.2. Compare the
total actual power with the one measured with the wattmeter: the values should be equal.

3
DATA AND CALCULATIONS
Unit 1: Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power (Ohmic-Inductive Load)

Fig. 1.1a Fig. 1.1b Fig. 1.1c

Calculation data :

Apparent power: S = I*V = 60.8mA * 15V = 0.912 VA

Active power: P = (I^2)* R = 0.554 W
Reactive power: Q = S sin(Θ) = 0.724 VAR
Power factor: cos(Θ) = P/S = 0.608

Table 1.1

4
Unit 2: Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power (Ohmic-Capacitive Load)

Fig. 2.1a Fig. 2.2b Fig. 2.3c

Calculation data :

Apparent power: S = I*V = 73.4mA * 15V = 1.101 VA

Active power: P = (I^2)* R = 0.808 W

Reactive power: Q = S sin(Θ) = 0.748 VAR

Power factor: cos(Θ) = P/S = 0.734

Table 2.1

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 Unit 3: Boucherot’s Theorem

Figure 3.1

Calculation data

Total active power: Pt = P1+P2+P3 = 0.459 + 0.0692 + 0.222 = 0.7502 W

Total apparent power: St = U • I1 = 14V*55.3mA = 0.7742 VA

Total power factor: cosφt = Pt / St = 0.7502/0.7742 = 0.969

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CONCLUSIONS

In this series of experiments, the behavior of active, reactive, and apparent power in
different AC circuits was thoroughly examined. The first experiment demonstrated the
relationship between these power components in ohmic-inductive loads, showing how the
power factor is affected by the inductive elements. The second experiment explored the
impact of capacitive loads, where the power factor was found to be lower and the active
power negligible. In the third experiment, Boucherot’s theorem was validated, proving that
total active and reactive powers in complex circuits can be calculated by summing
individual power components. Overall, the experiments reinforced the importance of
understanding power dynamics in AC circuits, which is essential for optimizing electrical
systems in various engineering applications.