International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 6(1), ISSN: 2394-9333

www.ijtrd.com
Design of Single-phase Sine Wave Variable Frequency
Power Supply Based on STM32
Yanping Wang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China

Abstract: The power supply uses isolation transformer to step operation, small size and light weight. This design adopts
down and uses full-bridge inverter to converse. The inverter part STM32F407 single-chip microcomputer as the main control
adopts the driver chip IR2110 for full-bridge inverter, and the chip, adopts full-bridge inverter two-stage conversion, and
latter output adopts current transformer for sampling feedback, obtains an ideal sinusoidal power supply, and has various
forming a double feedback link and increasing the stability of the protection functions. The external keyboard and liquid crystal
power supply. In terms of protection, it has the functions of display of the system have good human-computer interaction.
output overload protection, short-circuit protection, over-current
II. SYSTEM DESIGN
protection, etc., which enhances the reliability and safety of the
power supply, the output AC voltage is converted by the The 220V, 50Hz AC power supply is stepped down by the
STM32's own AD, and then controlled by the STM32F407 transformer, and is converted into DC power by rectification and
microcontroller. The mode conversion finally shows the voltage filtering, and the AC to DC conversion is completed, and then
value on the OLED, forming a good human-machine interface. converted into an AC power source whose frequency is
The power supply has completed all the indicators well, the input adjustable through the inverter. The overall circuit design is
power is 46.9W, the output power is 43.6W, the efficiency is up shown in Figure 1.
to 93%, and the standard 50Hz sine wave is output.
The general circuit diagram is shown in Figure 1. The
Keywords: Frequency Conversion; Sinusoidal Pulse Width 220V, 50Hz AC power is rectified by D3 full-bridge, and the
Modulation; Single Phase Sine Wave; Full Bridge Inverter; filter is converted into DC power. The DC voltage is converted
STM32 by the inverter into an alternating voltage whose frequency is
consistent with the resonant frequency of the load (or
I. INTRODUCTION
transducer). The system hardware circuit is composed of a main
The variable frequency power supply converts the AC circuit, a control drive circuit, a protection circuit and a keyboard
power in the mains through AC→DC→AC conversion. The display circuit. The inverter is a power electronic device used to
output frequency is stable, the voltage is stable, the internal implement DC-AC conversion. Its function is to convert DC
resistance is equal to zero, the voltage waveform is pure sine power into AC power through the opening and closing action of
wave (no distortion), and the output frequency and voltage can the semiconductor power switching device, so it is a power
be adjusted within a certain range. Today's international conversion device. The rectifier circuit of the circuit adopts a
advanced frequency conversion power supply is adoptedIGBT rectifier bridge block, has a simple structure and high reliability;
inverter output technology, high-performance precision power the inverter circuit uses IGBT as a switch tube to form a bridge
supply designed with advanced microprocessor control, it has inverter circuit; the output of the output filter circuit full-bridge
over-current, short-circuit, over-voltage, under-voltage, overload inverter circuit is a series of high-frequency pulses, in order to
and other protection and alarm fault display functions to ensure obtain The standard sine wave must filter out its high frequency
power equipment and variable frequency power supply Safety. It components. The function of the LC filter circuit is to filter out
has the characteristics of strong load adaptability, good output the high frequency. The parameters are determined by the
waveform quality, good man-machine interface, simple resonant frequency and characteristic impedance of the LC filter.

Figure 1: Total Circuit Diagram Block

IJTRD | Jan – Feb 2019

Available [email protected] 346
 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 6(1), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
A. Rectifier Circuit C. Display Circuit Analysis
The sampling voltage value is selected from OLED display.
It has small volume, high resolution, long life, low power
consumption, clear output image and clear data, and can realize
real-time dynamic display of curves quickly.
D. Dead Time Setting
The deadband voltage is set using the STM32 advanced
timer to implement the deadband. The advanced control timer
TIM1 is capable of outputting two complementary signals at
Figure 2: Rectifier Circuit 2.3 and is capable of managing the instantaneous turn-off and
The rectifier circuit is shown in Figure 2. It is rectified turn-on of the output. This period of time is often referred to as
with a single-phase bridge. Using the unidirectional the dead zone and the dead time should be adjusted based on
conductivity of the diode, the 220 V AC voltage is converted to the devices connected to the output and their characteristics.
DC, which provides the DC bus voltage to the inverter. D4 is a III .SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN
rectifier bridge, and the output voltage is pulsating in the
rectifier circuit. In addition, the pulsating current and load Due to the development of microcomputer technology, it
changes generated in the inverter part also cause the DC is easier to generate SPWM waveforms by software. The
voltage to pulsate. In order to filter out the AC component as software generation method uses software to implement the
much as possible to make it smooth DC, it is necessary to add a modulation method. The rule sampling method generally uses a
low voltage. Pass filter circuit. Here, a common capacitor filter triangular wave as a carrier. The principle is to use a triangular
circuit is used, and a large capacitor C5 is incorporated at the wave to sample the sine wave to obtain a staircase wave, and
rectified output end. The rectified output DC voltage contains then control the on/off of the switching device at the
many even harmonics. The higher the frequency, the smaller intersection of the staircase wave and the triangular wave,
the capacitive reactance, the larger the shunting effect, and the thereby realizing SPWM.
harmonics are filtered out. The more the output voltage, the The software part of the flow chart shown in Figure 4, the
larger the average value. system defaults to set the voltage 20V, frequency 50Hz, and
B. Inverter Circuit wait for the interrupt. After entering the interrupt, the interrupt
type is determined. If it is a serial port interrupt, the output
The full bridge inverter circuit is shown in Figure 3. The parameter set by the single chip microcomputer is received, and
circuit adopts two half-bridge driving chips IR2110, which the SPWM output is changed to realize the output voltage and
respectively drive the two-side FET IRF4668 of the full bridge, frequency setting. If it is CPUtimer interrupt, measure the
and alternately conducts according to the driving signal SPWM output voltage value, change the SPWM output after
wave, and outputs the power-amplified SPWM wave. calculation by the PID module, and realize the PID voltage
The inverter circuit adopts a voltage type full-bridge regulation control of the output voltage.
inverter circuit, which has four bridge arms, and it can be seen
that the two half-bridge circuits are combined. The bridge arms
1 and 4 are paired, the bridge arms 2 and 3 are used as the other
pair, and the pair of two bridge arms are simultaneously turned
on, and the two pairs are alternately turned on by180 o. Output
voltage Uo Waveform and waveform of a half-bridge circuit Uo.
The shape is the same, it is also a rectangular wave, but its
amplitude is doubled. Output current in the case of the same
DC voltage and load I0.The waveform is of course also with the
half bridge circuit I0.The shape is the same, only the amplitude
is doubled. In comparison, the full-bridge inverter's output
capacity is doubled for high-power circuits.

Figure 4: Software Flow Chart

IV. TEST PLAN AND TEST RESULTS
Figure 3: Inverter Circuit
In order to clearly observe the output waveform, the
method of measuring the output waveform is to use the
DP3014 digital oscilloscope to more intuitively observe the

IJTRD | Jan – Feb 2019

Available [email protected] 347
 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 6(1), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
output waveform effect. The waveform of the test output is a power supply is composed of a main circuit and a control
stable sine wave. The waveform quality is very good, the error circuit. The main circuit is composed of a rectification and
is small, the harmonics are few, the sinusoidal waveform is filtering circuit, an inverter circuit and an output filter circuit,
perfect, and the ideal waveform is required. The output and the control circuit mainly generates PWM to control the
waveform is shown in Figure.5. IGBT. The power supply has completed all the indicators well,
the input power is 46.9W, the output power is 43.6W, the
efficiency is up to 93%, and the standard 50Hz sine wave is
output.
References
[1] Hu Lianghong, Gan Yongjin et al. Design of single-
phase sine wave variable frequency power
supply[J].Journal of Yulin Teachers College 2017,38
(2):29-36
[2] Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Jiatian, Du Hanjun. A digital
single-phase sine wave variable frequency power
supply based on MSP430F2002[J]. Power Technology
Figure 5: Sine Wave Output Waveform Application, 2009,5( 5) : 58 - 61.
CONCLUSION [3] Bandung,Ba Fengli. Principles and Application
Technology of Single Chip Microcomputer [M].
The variable frequency power supply of this paper mainly Tsinghua University Press, 2010.
adopts the method of intersection and intersection, first [4] Wang Zhaoan, Huang Jun. Power Electronics
converts the power frequency AC power supply into a DC Technology [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press,
power source through a rectifier, and then converts the DC 2008.
power source into an AC power source whose frequency and
voltage can be controlled. The circuit of the variable frequency

IJTRD | Jan – Feb 2019

Available [email protected] 348