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3.0 Word Problems

The document outlines various types of word problems commonly encountered in civil engineering, including number, digit, mixture, age, work, and clock problems, along with examples and solutions for each type. It provides detailed mathematical approaches to solving these problems, demonstrating the application of algebra and logical reasoning. Additionally, it includes a quiz section with practical problems for further practice.

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24 views

3.0 Word Problems

The document outlines various types of word problems commonly encountered in civil engineering, including number, digit, mixture, age, work, and clock problems, along with examples and solutions for each type. It provides detailed mathematical approaches to solving these problems, demonstrating the application of algebra and logical reasoning. Additionally, it includes a quiz section with practical problems for further practice.

Uploaded by

brettarmantagalongan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 29 – LEARNING OUTCOMES

APPRAISAL FOR CIVIL


ENGINEERING

Engr. John Michael Osia


COVERAGE
Word Problems
➢Number Problems
➢Digit Problems
➢Mixture Problems
➢Age Problems
➢Work Problems
➢Clock Problems
1. Number Problems
Example:
The sum of two numbers is 37. If the larger is divided by the smaller, the quotient is 3
and the remainder is 5. Find the numbers.

Solution: Let x and y be the larger and smaller number respectively


𝑥 5
Let x + y = 37 (Eq. 1) =3+ (Eq. 2)
𝑦 𝑦

𝑥 5
y = 37 - x (substitution) => =3+
37−𝑥 37−𝑥
x = 3(37 – x) + 5 => 𝑥 = 111 − 3𝑥 + 5
4𝑥 = 116 => x = 29
29 + y = 37 => y=8
2. Digit Problems
Example:
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. If the digit is reversed, the new number is
4/7 times the original number. Determine the original number.

Solution: Let x = tens digit y = units digit


4
x + y = 12 (Eq. 1) 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = (10𝑥 + 𝑦) (Eq.2)
7

4
y = 12 – x (substitute) => 10 12 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 10𝑥 + 12 − 𝑥
7
40 48 4
120 − 10𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑥 + − 𝑥 7
7 7 7
840 − 70𝑥 + 7𝑥 = 40𝑥 + 48 − 4𝑥
99𝑥 = 792 => x=8
8 + y = 12 => y=4
3. Mixture Problems

50L 150L

100L + =
80% Alcohol ??? % Alcohol
20% Alcohol

Solution:
0.80(100) + 0.20(50) = x (150)
x = 0.6 or 60%
3. Mixture Problems
Example:
How many quarts of a 60% alcohol solution must be added to 40 quarts of a
20% alcohol solution to obtain a mixture which is 30% alcohol. All
percentages are by volume.

Solution: Let x = vol of 60% alcohol

0.6x + 0.20(40) = 0.3(x + 40)


0.6x + 8 = 0.3x + 12
0.3x = 4 => x = 13.33 quarts
4. Age Problems
Example:
Ten years ago, Jane was four times as old as Bianca. Now she is only twice as old as
Bianca. Find their present ages.

Solution: Let x = present age of Jane, y = present age of Bianca


x – 10 = 4(y – 10) (Eq. 1) x = 2y (Eq. 2)

𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = (substitution) => 𝑥 − 10 = 4( − 10)
2 2
𝑥 − 10 = 2𝑥 − 40 => 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎
𝑦 = 2(30) => y = 60
4. Age Problems
Example:
Six years ago, Maya was five times as old as Richard. In five years, Maya will be three
times as old as Richard. What is the present age of Richard

Solution:
Let x = present age of Maya, y = present age of Richard
x – 6 = 5(y – 6) (Eq. 1) x+5 = 3(y+5) (Eq. 2)

𝑥 = 5 𝑦 − 6 + 6 (substitution) => 5 𝑦 − 6 + 6 +5 = 3(y + 5)


5𝑦 − 30 + 6 + 5 = 3𝑦 + 15 => 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕
𝑥 − 6 = 5(17 − 6) => 𝒙 = 61
5. Work Problems
Example:
Person A can do a job in 3 days, and person B can do the same job in 6
days. How long will it take them if they work together?

Solution: Let x = number of days it will take if A and B work together


1 1 1
+ 𝑥=1 𝑥= 1 1
3 6 +
3 6
x = 2 days
5. Work Problems
Example:
A tank can be filled by three pipes separately in 20, 30 and 60 minutes
respectively. In how many minutes can it be filled by the three pipes
acting together?

Solution: Let x = number of minutes it will take by all 3 pipes


together
1 1 1 1
+ + 𝑥=1 𝑥= 1 1 1
20 30 60 + +
20 30 60
x = 10 mins
6. Clock Problems
Clock Related problems
There are 12 dial units in the clock. Every time the minute hand
completes 12 dials, the hour hand moves 1 dial. Thus, if the minute hand
moves by x dials, the hour hand moves by x/12 dials.

The following are the distances between the hands


of the clock:
(1) Together = 0
(2) Perpendicular (90° to each other) = 15 minutes
(3) Straight line (opposite each other) = 30 minutes
6. Clock Problems
Example:
How many minutes after 5 o’clock will the hands of the clock be
perpendicular for the first time?

Solution: Let x = number of minutes after 5 o’clock

x + 15 = 25 + x/12
12x + 180 = 300 + x
11x = 120 => x = 10.909 minutes
6. Clock Problems
Example:
How many minutes after 5 o’clock will the hands of the clock be forming
a straight line for the first time?

Solution: Let x = number of minutes after 5 o’clock

x - 30 = 25 + x/12
12x - 360 = 300+ x
11x = 660 => x = 60 minutes or 1hr
QUIZ
1) After riding at a steady speed for 40 miles, a bicyclist had a flat tire
and walked 5 miles to a repair shop. The cycling rate was 4 times
faster than the walking rate. If the time spent cycling and walking was
5 hours, at what rate was the cyclist riding?
2) Lynn Pike, a pharmacist, needs 70 liters of a 50% alcohol solution.
She has available a 30% solution and an 80% solution. How many
liters of each solution should she mix to obtain 70 liters of a 50%
alcohol solution
QUIZ
3) “A” and “B” working together would take 6 days to complete a job. “A”
works twice as fast as “B’. How many days would it take each of
them, working alone, to complete a job.
4) How many minutes after 9 o’clock will the hands of the clock be
conjoined for the first time?
5) How many minutes after 9 o’clock will the hands of the clock be
perpendicular for the first time
6) How many minutes after 9 o’clock will the hands of the clock be
forming a straight line for the first time

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