21st Q2_W1: LITERARY STRUCTURE Processing Questions:

1. What is Pete always wearing whenever Jim sees

him?
LITERARY STRUCTURE
2. After Jim won, Pete went missing. Who convinced
Jim to spend Pete-s half of the money for house
GRAPHIC FICTION renovations?
is a creative piece written in comic form. 3. What is the “familiar red” Jim unearthed in the
garden one spring that made him horrified?
Let us discover a lighthearted tale 4. What happened to Jim in the end?
presented below. The previous activity gives you a
glimpse of flash fiction and graphic
fiction. These two 21st literary genres
become very popular especially among
learners like you. Modern literary genres
gain popularity due to the advent of
technologies such as internet and other
virtual media which become the major
platforms of most of modern literary texts
like graphic and flash fictions. Graphic
fiction and flash fiction are two
different genres of modern literature.

GRAPHIC FICTION OR A GRAPHIC

NOVEL
is a comic book narrative that is
equivalent in form and dimension to the
prose novel (Campbell 200, 81). The
pictures are arranged in sequenced in
image panels and dialogues are written
Processing Questions: in speech bubbles. The illustrations
1. How does the speaker feel whenever it rings? allow the readers to imagine and
2. How did she react when she realized she was experience the characters and events in
already late?
3. Would you react the same way if this happens to the story.
you?
Here are some of the features of graphic
Now explore a flash fiction that is more fiction or graphic novel according to
serious than the first one. Singh (2012).

FLASH FICTION 1. Autographic forms are the marks of

is a short written creative piece usually author’s handwriting which creates an
consisting of a few hundred words. impact that the whole novel is a
manuscript and thus provides a sense of
intimacy.
2. Graphic novels encourage
interactivity in the minds of the reader as
he fills in the blanks image panels
3. Filling in the blanks between image
panels makes the reader imagine the
actions portrayed in the story.
4. The language, syntax, and meaning of Flash fiction emphasizes the
a graphic novel spring primarily through development of plot. Itt has a beginning,
the relationship between images than middle, and ending of the story.
words.
5. Graphic fiction combines book and SURPRISING ENDING
screen.
The successful hallmark of a flash
Some of the examples of graphic fiction is its twist at the end of the story.
novels are the following:
Here are some of the flash fictions:
“IN THE SHADOW OF NO TOWERS
“Angels and Blueberries”
9/11” by Art Spielgelman in 2004 which
by Tara Campbell is a story of various
tells the story about the terrorist attack
explanations for the color of the sky that
on September 11, in America. This also
involves angels and blueberries.
depicts the traumatic and tragic
experience of American people during First line: “Why is the sky blue?” you ask.
the 9/11 terrorist attack. Well, it is all depends on who’s
answering.
“THE BARN OWL’S WONDROUS
CAPERS” “Taylor Swift”
by Sarnath Banerjee in 2009 portrays by Hugh Behm-Steinberg tells a weird
18th Century Calcutta exploiting the story of how anyone can order a
myth of the “Wandering Jew.” perfectly clone of Taylor Swift at his
doorsteps.
“LOUIS RIEL”
First line: “You’re in love; it’s great, you
by Chester Brown in 2003 is a
swipe on your phone and order: the next
fictionalized violent rebellion in the 19th
day a Taylor Swift clone shows up at
Century on the Canadian prairie who led
your house.”
by Riel.
“Unnecessary Things”
FLASH FICTION
is imaginative literature of extreme by Tatyana Tolstaya is a story of finding
brevity. It could range from a word to a an old and torn teddy bear,
thousand (Gacusan 2018). It is known “unnecessary things” (items that do not
as micro stories, postcard fiction, serve any useful purpose), that she
nanotales and short shorts. adored as a child.
According to Sustana (2020), most of First line: This Teddy bear once had
the flash fictions have these common amber eyes made from special glass-
characteristics: each one had a pupil and an iris. The
bear itself was gray and stiff, with wiry
BREVITY fur. I adored him.
Flash fiction presents the story with
fewest words as possible.
LITERARY GENRE
COMPLETE PLOT
also known as type of literary
composition, is easy to understand with
the right amount of knowledge gained
from the previous modular lessons that
reflect essential literary contexts about
cultural diversities of 21st Century
Literature from across the globe.

In this lesson, you will encounter a new

literary piece - a parable, as related to
literary genre. Incorporated in this
lesson is the use of multimedia that
plays an important role in presenting a
creative version of a certain literary
piece. You have to learn how to use
these multimedia to further enhance the
quality of your learning outputs.

Literary Genre on Creative Multimedia

Presentation

ANECDOTES
and other literary genres have made it
possible to present creative literary
adaptations. However, there is still a
better way of interpreting them with the
use of varied multimedia formats. They
will also help you present more
compelling learning outputs.

Read the parable entitled “The Story of

the Pencil”, an excerpt from the novel
“Like the Flowing River”, which was
written by Paulo Coelho. It is a thought-
provoking story about a nondescript
object that gives a powerful message.
Read the story aloud to yourself and find
out how the author creatively portrays
the parable. Before you read, familiarize
yourself first with the author’s
achievements.
 MULTIMEDIA vlogs, webinars and other interactive
is an essential avenue to transform content.
unique adaptations of a literary, thus
making learning outputs interesting and Multimedia applications include the
productive. To have a creative interaction of different media types like
adaptation of literary genres, the animation, video, text and sound. It has
following concepts have to take into become a part of our lives as soon as we
considerations: entered the digital age. Before the
modern technology, there are tools
A. MULTIMEDIA AND ITS helping us appreciate some of the types
CONCEPTS of multimedia such as videos on
television.
A multimedia is an electronic application
used to teach lessons or to further THERE ARE VARIOUS
educate learners on a particular topic. It COMPONENTS OF MULTIMEDIA:
is a presentation of material that uses
both words and pictures in a 1. VIDEOS
combination of text, voice, picture or Digital video is a primary component in
video. Using interactive digital tools to multimedia, especially those that appear
tell a story is called digital storytelling online and on television. The different
and often uses a combination of formats of these types of multimedia
multimedia venues to complete the task. include WMI, AVI, MPED and flash.
The use of multimedia allows Some of these formats are better than
educational ideas and materials to be others because they load faster and can
presented in a more artistic, inspired and be viewed or loaded using different
engaging way. platforms and operating systems.

B. USES OF MULTIMEDIA AND ITS Many videos have changed formats ever
FORMATS since the mobile phone industry became
more advanced in technology.
There are many uses of multimedia for a Many of the video formats require plug-
deeper understanding of a lesson. ins on browsers and specific mobile
Audiobooks are ideal for second- applications to load. Here is a list of
language learners. Song files and music multimedia formats:
videos can be used to compare social
norms in different eras. Multimedia can
offer students a better understanding of
the lesson.

The multimedia formats from various

media include: text and graphics for
slideshows, presentations, diagrams
and infographics. Audio has podcasts
and recordings. Screen captures, lecture
captures and animation are examples of
video components of multimedia. Other
multimedia components include blogs,
 2. ANIMATION C. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
is a form of art for most people, MULTIMEDIA
especially those that are in the business ● Multimedia can be used in the
of producing animated movies. Right presentations, making them more fun
now, animation has become interactive, and interesting.
allowing users to directly affect the ● A multimedia presentation has various
outcome of animated components and viewing options such as projector or a
events. Flash is the most common media player and the like.
platform for animation, and using this ● You can also download the multimedia
component, the interactivity of animation presentation or play it live.
is enhanced. ● The technology of multimedia can also
be used to make the information be
3. TEXT conveyed more easily to the user.
Text has always been and will always be ● Multimedia technology has improved
the most common among the types of the learning experience by combining
multimedia components in different various forms of media together.
applications. Text in combination with
other media components can make any D. BENEFITS OF USING
application more user-friendly. By using MULTIMEDIA
text, interactivity is increased. Text ● Digital storytelling allows students to
elements are particularly important for improve their knowledge about a specific
accessibility purposes. Users of an subject and increases skills such as
application need to input text for the writing, researching and reading.
system to identify them. Text is also ● Using multimedia improves a learner’s
used to create a digital overall academic performance. In
particular, multimedia in the classroom is
4. IMAGES used for self-directed learning or SDL.
Digital image files are needed to create ● Students manage their time and
videos and animation. A user would assess what needs to be included in
sooner go to a website filled with colorful their learning activities. This style of
photographs than one that contains only learning is used mostly with older
text elements. Familiar image formats students who already know how to
include jpeg and png. These formats manipulate many of the multimedia
permit editing. Images are created by venues available to them.
graphic designers using various
software. SELF AND PEER ASSESSMENT OF
CREATIVE ADAPTATION OF A
5. AUDIO LITERARY TEXT
Voiceovers comprise a tremendous
number of the types of multimedia LITERARY ADAPTATION
components. Audio files include is a process of adapting a literary source
background music and special effects. (e.g. a novel, short story, and poem) to
Any audio in an application is designed another genre or medium such as a film,
to improve a user’s experience. stage play, or even video games. It
involves adapting the same literary work
in the same genre or medium just for
different purposes, e.g. to work with a
smaller cast, in a smaller venue (or on that by slipping into the darkness of a
the road), or for a different demographic nap, he will temporarily mask his sorrow.
group (such as adapting a story for
children). For fifteen years they were inseparable.
Always side by side. The walks on the
Studying literature can be very easy with beach with the gentle waves calling, the
the right amount of knowledge gained seagulls cawing. All those hikes on the
from your studies in the past. Can you trail where the trees canopied over like
still recall your previous topic on creative arches, wrapping them in a soft cool
presentation of literary text by applying shade on a hot sunny day. Even just a
multimedia? It was highlighted that ride to the grocery store for something
every technological breakthrough adds Martha may have forgotten, they always
up life to literature. Meaning, with went together.
technology, literature becomes more
accessible than that of yesterday. Though he knows that in some ways he
Televisions, tablets, computers, and should be thankful for just having their
even smart phones can now be your time together – those moments forever
best literature buddy as you explore the etched in his heart – and that the
wide array of literature all over the world. sickness took Max quickly rather than
More so, the existence of technology dragging out the pain for weeks, maybe
gives prevalent skills to learners to easily even months, he still feels cheated. That
capture the meaning the literature somehow, he is missing years that could
intends to express due to its visual have been.
aesthetics, audio programming, and
Unable to sleep, he looks around the all
virtual kinesics.
too empty room, letting his gaze fall
For this next lesson, you will be upon the leash, which still hangs from
acquainted with another skill which will the peg by the door. It seems to wait
require you to think critically in exhibiting patiently, ever ready for that next big
assessment of an adapted literary piece. adventure. As his eyes well up, he
This will surely make your learning realizes for the first time how much his
experience more exciting. grief weighs, how hard it is to even rise
with such a heaviness inside.
Read and learn more about the story,
after reading the story, rate it in your own It is then he hears a shuffle from behind
simple assessment using the rubric and turns to see Martha standing in the
given below. Indicate your score on the doorway, her shoulder resting against
space provided. \\ the frame.

JAKE
by Jim Bartlett

Jake’s eyes snap open, and he quickly

turns to the side. But like his aching
heart, the spot where Max always sat on
the couch remains empty. He takes in a
long, deep breath – really more of a sigh “I thought you might be in here,” she
– and squeezes his eyes closed, hoping says. She looks down at him for only a
moment before her stare drifts to the 2. It makes you more active in your
couch. “I miss him, too, Jake. More than learning which in this way, it can help to
you’ll ever know.” change the perception that learning is a
passive process whereby students
There’s a faraway melancholy tone to simply listen and absorb information for
her voice, but he knows that her heart, the sake of compliance. In this way,
like his, has a hole too big to fill. His head students are more likely to engage with
drops and he gives off another long sigh, their learning as participants instead of
which seems to prompt her to come over just spectators.
and kneel down onto the carpet beside
him. She slides a hand under his chin 3. It enables you to better understand
and lifts it up, then tucks back his long, assessment expectations and work
floppy ears, such that their teary eyes towards improving your own
can meet. performance. Getting yourself more
actively involved in your assessment can
“I guess you do know, don’t you, Jake.” make assessment itself a means by
which you can develop.
Earlier in our lesson, you evaluated a
flash fiction and assessed it by using the Thus, Peer and Self-assessment are
given rubric. In your own simple way, important to learn for a student like you,
you were able to produce an adaptation and in order to achieve this, it is essential
of the flash fiction when you transformed that your assessment criteria are clear
it into a comic strip. You also made a and fully described through the help of
self-assessment and peer-assessment your teacher. Taking this step further
of it using the given criteria. and allowing you to contribute to the
assessment criteria can serve to transfer
Let us keep going then. Know more
ownership, fostering deeper
about the lesson as you read the
engagement with the assessment and
following facts and information:
learning.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
What is literary text adaptation?
PEER AND SELF-ASSESSMENT?
LITERARY ADAPTATION
As a student, it is important that one
is a process of adapting a literary source
must know how to do peer and
(e.g. a novel, short story, and poem) to
selfassessment. Here are the reasons
another genre or medium such as a film,
according to the University of Reading:
stage play, or video game. It involves
1. It encourages you to take adapting the same literary work in the
responsibility for your learning by same genre or medium just for different
encouraging engagement with purposes, e.g. to work with a smaller
assessment criteria and reflection of cast, in a smaller venue (or on the road),
your own performance and that of your or for a different demographic group
peers. Through this, you can learn from (such as adapting a story for children).
your previous mistakes, identify your
Personally, a good example of this is the
strengths and weaknesses and learn to
“Hana Yori Dango” a manga series
target your learning accordingly.
written by Yoko Kamio. It was set in
Tokyo, Japan, and told the story of a
middleclass teenage girl named Makino 1. THE “MUSEUM”
Tsukushi who starts attending a ADAPTATION
prestigious high school called Eitoku This type is concerned with
Academy. The school is *ruled* by F4 preserving every possible detail of
(aka Flower Four), a group of hot guys the book exactly how it exists in the
from the country's richest families! The book, just transferred to the film as
group's leader Domyouji Tsukasa bullies a medium.
her and later develops feelings for her,
but Tsukushi falls for his BFF Hanazawa 2. THE ARTFUL ADAPTATION
Rui instead. The rest of the F4 members It is concerned with finding balance
are named Nishikado Sojirou and between being true to its own as a
Mimasaka Akira. As the years have work of art. Accordingly, it is like a
gone by, several adaptations were made conversation between the book and
for this manga. audience. Rather than preserving
every detail like a museum, an Artful
Adaptation finds the essential
elements of the book and interprets
them in ways that meaningful for the
audience.

3. THE LOOSE ADAPTATION

This type is concerned about
keeping a few elements or some
semblance of the premise of the
book it’s based on, but then more or
less does its own thing with them.
Often, this type of adaptation is
discussed in negative terms, as if its
lack of exact similarity to its source
What do we want in a literary material is somehow a failure.
adaptation?
4. THE TRANSFORMATIVE
According to Watts (2020) in the article ADAPTATION
entitled “What do we want in a literary This type of adaptation seeks to
adaptation?”, there is complexity and highlight the timelessness and
difficulty to commit as regards to universality of their source works’
determining: What makes a good messages and themes.
adaptation? Which matters more: the
quality of the film itself, or how “accurate”
it is to the book it’s based on? Literary
text and literary adaptation are different
art forms such as in the case for instance
between novels and films. Instead, she
noticed four different types or “levels” of
adaptation. Each has varying degrees of
adherence to their source material.