Indian Institute of Technology

Kharagpur

Joint M.Sc.- Ph.D.

Department of Physics
 Curriculum for 2 years M.Sc. Students
Semester : 1
Subject Type Subject No Subject Name L-T-P Credit
Depth CORE I PH31207 CLASSICAL MECHANICS 3-1-0 4
Depth CORE II PH31205 ELECTRODYNAMICS 3-1-0 4
Depth CORE III PH30207 MATHEMATICS FOR PHYSICS II 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE IV PH31201 QUANTUM MECHANICS 3-1-0 4
Depth CORE V PH30201 COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 2-0-0 2
Depth CORE VI PH39209 COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LAB 0-0-3 2
Depth CORE VII PH39201 MODERN PHYSICS LAB 0-0-3 2
Depth CORE VIII PH39205 ELECTROMAGNETISM AND OPTICS LAB 0-0-3 2
Semester : 2
Subject Type Subject No Subject Name L-T-P Credit
Depth CORE IX PH30210 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE X PH30202 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE XI PH30204 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE XII PH31202 STATISTICAL PHYSICS 3-1-0 4
Depth CORE XIII PH39204 NUCLEAR PHYSICS LAB 0-0-3 2
Depth CORE XIV PH39206 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LAB I 0-0-3 2
Depth CORE XV PH39214 SPECTROSCOPY LAB 0-0-3 2
DEPTH ELECTIVE I
Semester : 3
Subject Type Subject No Subject Name L-T-P Credit
Depth CORE XIX PH40201 MODERN OPTICS 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE XVI PH40203 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS II 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE XVII PH49201 INNOVATION LAB 0-0-3 2
Depth CORE XVIII PH49203 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LAB II 0-0-3 2
Depth CORE XX PH48201 SUMMER INTERNSHIP 0-0-0 2
BREADTH ELECTIVE I
DEPTH ELECTIVE II
PROJECT I
Semester : 4
Subject Type Subject No Subject Name L-T-P Credit
Depth CORE XXI PH40204 PARTICLE PHYSICS 3-0-0 3
Depth CORE XXII PH40202 ORDER AND CHAOS 3-0-0 3
BREADTH ELECTIVE II
DEPTH ELECTIVE III
DEPTH ELECTIVE IV
PROJECT II
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Classical Mechanics L-T-P: 3-1-0 Credits: 4

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:
Principle of virtual work, D’Alembert’s Principle, Phase space, Generalized coordinates,
Lagrangian, Constraints, Principle of least action, Lagrangian equations of motion,
Lagrange multipliers and applications. (16)
Legendre transformation, Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion, Routh’s procedure,
canonical transformations, Poisson brackets and equations of motion. Canonical
invariants; infinitesimal contact transformations and conservation laws, angular
momentum PB relations, Lioville’s theorem. (16)
Hamilton-Jacobi theory, characteristic function, action-angle variables; connections with
geometrical optics and wave mechanics. (10)
Reference Books:
1. Classical Mechanics: H. Goldstein
2. Mechanics: L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz
3. Classical Mechanics: N. Rana and P. Joag.

5. Lecture-wise break-up:

Sl. No. Topic No. of lectures

1. Principle of virtual work, D’Alembert’s Principle, 16
Phase space, Generalized coordinates,
Lagrangian, Constraints, Principle of least action,
Lagrangian equations of motion, Lagrange
multipliers and applications.
2. Legendre transformation, Hamilton’s canonical 16
equations of motion, Routh’s procedure,
canonical transformations, Poisson brackets and
equations of motion. Canonical invariants;
infinitesimal contact transformations and
conservation laws, angular momentum PB
relations, Lioville’s theorem.
3. Hamilton-Jacobi theory, characteristic function, 10
action-angle variables; connections with
geometrical optics and wave mechanics.
Total number of hours 42
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Electrodynamics L-T-P: 3-1-0 Credits: 4

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:
Review of Maxwell equations, Electromagnetic waves, Boundary conditions, Fresnel
equations, Waveguides, TE and TM modes of rectangularand circular waveguides. (8)
Optical dispersion in materials,resonant absorption, anomalous dispersion, spreading of
pulse in dispersive media, Kramers-Kronig relations. (8)
Retarded potentials, Lienard-Wiechert potentials; Radiation from oscillating dipoles and
antennas. (6)
Four-vectors; electromagnetic field tensor; transformation of E and B in inertial frames;
homogeneous Maxwell equations; Lorentz invariants; Wigner rotation and Thomas
precession. Lagrangian formulation of the free Maxwell field; stress-energy- momentum
tensor; conserved quantities; inhomogeneous, Maxwell equations; 4-dimensional
Green's function of the wave equation. Radiation from accelerated charges; Larmor
formula; polar plots and polarization charts; radiation from relativistic motion of charges;
linear accelerator and synchrotron radiation; multi-pole expansion. (20)
Reference Books:
1. Classical theory of fields: L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics: D. J. Griffiths
3. Classical Electricity and Magnetism: W.K.H. Panofsky and M. Phillips
4. Electrodynamics: J. D. Jackson

5. Lecture-wise break-up:

Sl. No. Topic No. of lectures

1. Review of Maxwell equations, Electromagnetic 8
waves, Boundary conditions, Fresnel equations,
Waveguides, TE and TM modes of
rectangularand circular waveguides.
2. Optical dispersion in materials,resonant 8
absorption, anomalous dispersion, spreading of
pulse in dispersive media, Kramers-Kronig
relations.
3. Retarded potentials, Lienard-Wiechert potentials; 6
Radiation from oscillating dipoles and antennas.
4. Four-vectors; electromagnetic field tensor; 20
transformation of E and B in inertial frames;
homogeneous Maxwell equations; Lorentz
invariants; Wigner rotation and Thomas
precession. Lagrangian formulation of the free
Maxwell field; stress-energy- momentum tensor;
conserved quantities; inhomogeneous, Maxwell
equations; 4-dimensional Green's function of the
wave equation. Radiation from accelerated
charges; Larmor
formula; polar plots and polarization charts;
radiation from relativistic motion of charges; linear
accelerator and synchrotron radiation; multi-pole
expansion.
Total number of hours 42
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Mathematics for Physics II L-T-P: 3-0-0 Credits: 3

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:
Partial differential equations (PDE) in Physics: preliminaries; classification of second-
order quasilinear equations; elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic type; First-order
equations, characteristics; boundary conditions and types of equations; (8)
Wave equation and d’Alembert’s solution; Fundamental solution of the heat equation;
the two dimensional Laplace equation; Possion’s equation; the diffusion equation and
the wave equation in two dimensions; Dirichlet and Neumann problems; Green’s
function for PDE; the initial value problem for the wave equation; the method of
separation of variables, 3D Laplace equation in spherical polar coordinates; (14)
Group Theory: definitions and nomenclature; examples; finite and infinite groups,
continuous and discrete groups, rearrangement theorem; cyclic groups; subgroups and
cosets; Cayleys and Lagranges theorems; conjugate elements and class structure;
factor groups; isomorphy and homomorphy; direct product groups; symmetric groups.
Non-Abelian groups. Point groups and crystallographic groups, Simple and semi-
simple, groups and Sylow theorems. (10)
Representation of finite groups; definition ; unitary representation; Schurs Lemma;
orthogonality theorem; reducible and irreducible representations; characters; regular
representation; product representation; character table; examples of S_3 and C_4v.
Elementary ideas of orthogonal and unitary groups and their applications. (10)
Reference Books:
1. Partial differential equations : I.N. Sneddon
2. Partial Differential Equations in Physics: A. Sommerfeld
3. Methods of Mathematical Physics: R. Courant and D. Hilbert
4. Group Theory and its Application to Physical Problems M. Hamermesh

5. Lecture-wise break-up:

Sl. No. Topic No. of lectures

1. Partial differential equations (PDE) in Physics: 8
preliminaries; classification of second-order
quasilinear equations; elliptic, hyperbolic and
parabolic type; First-order equations,
characteristics; boundary conditions and types of
equations
2. Wave equation and d’Alembert’s solution; 14
Fundamental solution of the heat equation; the
two dimensional Laplace equation; Possion’s
equation; the diffusion equation and the wave
equation in two dimensions; Dirichlet and
 Neumann problems; Green’s function for PDE;
the initial value problem for the wave equation;
the method of separation of variables, 3D Laplace
equation in spherical polar coordinates
3. Group Theory: definitions and nomenclature; 10
examples; finite and infinite groups, continuous
and discrete groups, rearrangement theorem;
cyclic groups; subgroups and cosets; Cayleys
and Lagranges theorems; conjugate elements
and class structure; factor groups; isomorphy and
homomorphy; direct product groups; symmetric
groups. Non-Abelian groups. Point groups and
crystallographic groups, Simple and semi-simple,
groups and Sylow theorems.
4. Representation of finite groups; definition ; unitary 10
representation; Schurs Lemma; orthogonality
theorem; reducible and irreducible
representations; characters; regular
representation; product representation; character
table; examples of S_3 and C_4v. Elementary
ideas of orthogonal and unitary groups and their
applications.
Total number of hours 42
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Quantum Mechanics L-T-P: 3-1-0 Credits: 4

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:
Stern-Gerlach experiment and spin, Dirac bra-kets, Hilbert space of state vectors; unitary
transformations, Schrodinger, Heisenberg and Dirac (or Interaction) pictures. (8)

Approximation methods: the WKB approximation, Time independent perturbation theory

(non-degenerate and degenerate cases), Zeeman effect and Stark effect, Spin-orbit
coupling and fine structure of Hydrogen atom, Variational method, Helium atom. (12)
Quantum theory of scattering – cross sections, partial wave analysis, phase shifts, optical
theorem. Schrodinger’ s equation as an integral equation, Green’s function, Lippman
Schwinger equation, Born’s approximation, Yukawa potential, Coulomb scattering,
Collisions of like particles. (12)

Time dependent perturbation theory, Fermi’s Golden rule, Transition probabilities.

Identical Particles and Spin. (10)
Reference Books:
1. Modern Quantum Mechanics: J J Sakurai
2. Quantum Mechanics: L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz
3. Quantum Mechanics: L. I. Schiff

5. Lecture-wise break-up:

Sl. No. Topic No. of lectures

1. Stern-Gerlach experiment and spin, Dirac bra- 8
kets, Hilbert space of state vectors; unitary
transformations, Schrodinger, Heisenberg and
Dirac (or Interaction) pictures.
2. Approximation methods: the WKB approximation, 12
Time independent perturbation theory (non-
degenerate and degenerate cases), Zeeman
effect and Stark effect, Spin-orbit coupling and fine
structure of Hydrogen atom, Variational method,
Helium atom.
3. Quantum theory of scattering – cross sections, 12
partial wave analysis, phase shifts, optical
theorem. Schrodinger’ s equation as an integral
equation, Green’s function, Lippman Schwinger
equation, Born’s approximation, Yukawa
potential, Coulomb scattering, Collisions of like
particles.
4. Time dependent perturbation theory, Fermi’s 10
Golden rule, Transition probabilities. Identical
Particles and Spin.
Total number of hours 42
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Computational Physics L-T-P: 2-0-0 Credits: 2

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:
Number representation: Floating-point representation; Round off error; truncation error;
stability. Solution of linear algebraic equations: Gauss-Jordan elimination; LU
decomposition. Random numbers: Pseudorandom numbers; Random number
generation algorithms; Testing randomness (5)
Numerical differentiation and integration: Finite difference schemes to approximate
derivatives (Forward and Central difference); Error assessment. Integration: Quadrature
as box counting (numerical quadrature); Trapezoidal rule; Simpson’s rule; Gaussian
quadrature; Monte Carlo integration; Importance sampling method; von Neuman
rejection method. (5)
Root finding: Bracketing and bisection method; Newton-Raphson method; Roots of
polynomials; Newton-Raphson method for nonlinear systems of equations. Data fitting:
Extrapolation; Linear interpolations; Lagrange interpolation; Cubic-spline interpolations;
Least-Squares fitting; Linear quadratic fit; Nonlinear fit. (4)
Ordinary and partial differential equations: Euler method, Runge-Kutta (RK2, RK4,
RK45) method, Adams-Bashforth Predictor-Corrector method. Eigenvalue problems
using ODE solver and bisection. Two point boundary value problems: Shooting method.
Elementary ideas of numerical solution of partial differential equations. (7)
Fast Fourier transform: Fourier transform of discretely sampled data, Fast Fourier
transform, Convolution, correlation and autocorrelation using FFT, Power spectrum
estimation using FFT. Statistical description of data: Moments of a distribution (Mean,
Variance, Skewness, etc). (4)
Elementary ideas of parallel computing. Supercomputers. Examples and applications:
Logistic maps; Fixed points; Period doubling; Attractors; Chaotic pendulum; Fractals;
Computing fractal dimensions; Time-independent Schrödinger equation; Quantum
mechanical scattering problems; Heat equation; Wave equation; Laplace equation;
Poisson equation .(3)
Reference Books:
1. R. H. Landau, M.J. Páez, C. C. Bordeianu. Computational Physics: Problems Solving
with Computers.
2. S. E. Koonin and D. C. Meredith. Computational Physics (Fortran Version).
3. W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, B. P. Flanner. Numerical Recipes:
The Art of Scientific Computing.

5. Lecture-wise break-up:

Sl. No. Topic No. of lectures

1. Number representation: Floating-point 5
representation; Round off error; truncation error;
 stability. Solution of linear algebraic equations:
Gauss-Jordan elimination; LU decomposition.
Random numbers: Pseudorandom numbers;
Random number generation algorithms; Testing
randomness
2. Numerical differentiation and integration: Finite 5
difference schemes to approximate derivatives
(Forward and Central difference); Error
assessment. Integration: Quadrature as box
counting (numerical quadrature); Trapezoidal
rule; Simpson’s rule; Gaussian quadrature; Monte
Carlo integration; Importance sampling method;
von Neuman rejection method.
3. Root finding: Bracketing and bisection method; 4
Newton-Raphson method; Roots of polynomials;
Newton-Raphson method for nonlinear systems
of equations. Data fitting: Extrapolation; Linear
interpolations; Lagrange interpolation; Cubic-
spline interpolations; Least-Squares fitting; Linear
quadratic fit; Nonlinear fit.
4. Ordinary and partial differential equations: Euler 7
method, Runge-Kutta (RK2, RK4, RK45) method,
Adams-Bashforth Predictor-Corrector method.
Eigenvalue problems using ODE solver and
bisection. Two point boundary value problems:
Shooting method. Elementary ideas of numerical
solution of partial differential equations.
5. Fast Fourier transform: Fourier transform of 4
discretely sampled data, Fast Fourier transform,
Convolution, correlation and autocorrelation using
FFT, Power spectrum estimation using FFT.
Statistical description of data: Moments of a
distribution (Mean, Variance, Skewness, etc).
6. Elementary ideas of parallel computing. 3
Supercomputers. Examples and applications:
Logistic maps; Fixed points; Period doubling;
Attractors; Chaotic pendulum; Fractals;
Computing fractal dimensions; Time-independent
Schrödinger equation; Quantum mechanical
scattering problems; Heat equation; Wave
equation; Laplace equation; Poisson equation .
Total number of hours 28
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Computational Physics Lab L-T-P: 0-0-3 Credits:

2

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:

Based on Computational Physics Theory Course

Reference Books:
Teacher’s instructions
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Modern Physics Lab L-T-P: 0-0-3 Credits: 2

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:

1. Photo elastic constant

2. Faraday effect
3. Kerr effect
4. Laser beam Parameter
5. Frank-Hertz
6. Pohl Fringes
7. Fresnel's Mirror
8. Scattering of light from colloidal solution
9. Ultrasonic grating
10. Surface tension measurement by ripple method

Reference Books:

Lab manual
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

1. Name of the Academic Unit: Physics

2. Subject Name: Electromagnetism and Optics Lab L-T-P: 0-0-3 Credits:

2

3. Pre-requisites: None

4. Syllabus and reference books:

Syllabus:

1. Michelson Interferometer using Laser

2. Michelson Interferometer using Na-Lamp
3. Fabry-Perot Interferometer using Laser
4. Fabry-Perot Interferometer using Na-Lamp
5. Photo Conductivity
6. Laser Diffraction
7. Microwave Diffraction
8. Polarization by Quarter Waveplate
9. Optical Fiber Characterization (Single Mode Fiber and Multi-Mode Fiber)
10. Characterization of Opto-Electronic Devices

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Optics by Francis A. Jenkins, Harvey E. White